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• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Preface
• A Word to International Readers
• Acknowledgments
• Part I: Some Preliminaries
• 1. What Is Scientific Writing?
• The Scope of Scientific Writing
• The Need for Clarity
• Receiving the Signals
• Understanding the Signals
• Understanding the Context
• Organization and Language in Scientific Writing
• 2. Historical Perspectives
• The Early History
• The Electronic Era
• The IMRAD Story
• 3. Approaching a Writing Project
• Establishing the Mindset
• Preparing to Write
• Doing the Writing
• Revising Your Work
• 4. What Is a Scientific Paper?
• Definition of a Scientific Paper
• Organization of a Scientific Paper
• Shape of a Scientific Paper
• Other Definitions
• 5. Ethics in Scientific Publishing
• Ethics as a Foundation
• Authenticity and Accuracy
• Originality
• Credit
• Ethical Treatment of Humans and Animals
• Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest
• 6. Where to Submit Your Manuscript
• Decide Early, Decide Well
• Prestige and Impact
• Access
• Avoiding Predatory Journals
• Other Factors to Consider
• Using Instructions to Authors
• Part II: Preparing the Text
• 7. How to Prepare the Title
• Importance of the Title
• Length of the Title
• Need for Specific Titles
• Importance of Syntax
• The Title as Label
• Abbreviations and Jargon
• More About Title Format
• 8. How to List the Authors and Addresses
• Definition of Authorship
• The Order of the Names
• Defining the Order: An Example
• Specifying Contributions
• Proper and Consistent Form
• Solutions: ORCID and More
• Listing Affiliations and Addresses
• 9. How to Prepare the Abstract
• Definition
• Types of Abstracts
• Clarity and Conciseness
• Akin to Abstracts
• Keywords
• Visual Varieties
• 10. How to Write the Introduction
• Guidelines
• Reasons for the Guidelines
• Exceptions
• Citations and Abbreviations
• 11. How to Write the Materials and Methods Section
• Purpose of the Section
• Materials
• Methods
• Headings
• Measurements and Analysis
• Need for References
• Tables and Figures
• Correct Form and Grammar
• 12. How to Write the Results
• Content of the Results
• How to Handle Numbers
• Strive for Clarity
• Avoid Redundancy
• A Supplement on Supplementary Material Online
• 13. How to Write the Discussion
• Discussion and Verbiage
• Components of the Discussion
• Noting Strengths and Limitations
• Significance of the Paper
• Conclusions
• Defining Scientific Truth
• 14. How to State the Acknowledgments
• Ingredients of the Acknowledgments
• Being Courteous
• 15. How to Cite the References
• Rules to Follow
• Checking Against the Original
• Electronic Aids to Citation
• Citations in the Text
• Reference Styles
• Titles and Inclusive Pages
• Journal Abbreviations
• Some Trends in Reference Format
• Examples of Different Reference Styles
• Citing Electronic Material
• One More Reason to Cite Carefully
• Part III: Preparing the Tables and Figures
• 16. How to Design Effective Tables
• When to Use Tables
• How to Arrange Tabular Material
• Exponents in Table Headings
• Following the Journal’s Instructions
• Titles, Footnotes, and Abbreviations
• Additional Tips on Tables
• 17. How to Prepare Effective Graphs
• When Not to Use Graphs
• When to Use Graphs
• How to Prepare Graphs
• Symbols and Legends
• A Few More Tips on Graphs
• Beyond Graphs
• Sources Offering Further Assistance
• 18. How to Prepare Effective Photographs
• Photographs and Micrographs
• Submission Formats
• Cropping and Combining
• Necessary Keys and Guides
• Color
• Part IV: Publishing the Paper
• 19. Rights and Permissions
• What is Copyright?
• Copyright of Unpublished Materials
• Creative Commons Licenses
• Obtaining Permissions
• 20. How to Submit the Manuscript
• Checking Your Manuscript
• Submitting Your Manuscript
• The Cover Letter
• Sample Cover Letter
• Electronic Cover Letters
• Confirmation of Receipt
• 21. The Review Process (How to Deal with Editors)
• Functions of Editors, Managing Editors, and Manuscript Editors
• The Review Process
• The Editor’s Decision
• The Accept Letter
• The Modify Letter—And How to Respond to It
• The Reject Letter
• Editors as Gatekeepers
• 22. The Publishing Process (How to Deal with Proofs)—and After Publication
• The Copyediting and Proofing Processes
• Why Proofs Are Sent to Authors
• Misspelled Words
• Marking the Corrections
• Additions to the Proofs
• Addition of References
• Proofing the Illustrations
• When to Complain
• Reprints
• Publicizing and Archiving Your Paper
• Celebrating Publication
• Part V: Doing Other Writing for Publication
• 23. How to Write a Review Paper
• Characteristics of a Review Paper
• Preparing an Outline
• Types of Reviews
• Writing for the Audience
• Importance of Introductory Paragraphs
• Importance of Conclusions
• Additional Tips for Writing Review Articles
• 24. How to Write Opinion (Letters to the Editor, Editorials, Book Reviews, and Essays)
• Writing Informed Opinion
• Letters to the Editor
• Editorials
• Book (and Other Media) Reviews
• Essays
• 25. How to Write a Book Chapter or a Book
• How to Write a Book Chapter
• Why (or Why Not) to Write a Book
• How to Find a Publisher
• How to Prepare a Book Manuscript
• How to Participate in the Publication Process
• How to Help Market Your Book
• 26. How to Write for the Public
• Why Write for General Readerships?
• Finding Publication Venues
• Engaging the Audience
• Conveying Content Clearly
• Emulating the Best
• Part VI: Conference Communications
• 27. How to Present a Paper Orally
• How to Get to Present a Paper
• A Word of Caution
• Organization of the Paper
• Presentation of the Paper
• Slides
• Presenting Online
• Making a Mini-Presentation
• The Audience
• A Few Answers on Questions
• 28. How to Prepare a Poster
• Popularity of Posters
• Organization
• Preparing the Poster
• Presenting the Poster
• 29. How to Write a Conference Report
• Definition
• Format
• Presenting New Ideas
• Editing and Publishing
• Part VII: Scientific Style
• 30. Use and Misuse of English
• Some Basics
• Some Finer Points
• On a Lighter Note
• 31. Avoiding Jargon
• Definition of Jargon
• Mumblespeak and Other Sins
• Bureaucratese
• Special Cases
• Mottoes to Live By
• 32. How and When to Use Abbreviations
• General Principles
• Good Practice
• Units of Measurement
• Special Problems
• SI (Système International) Units
• Other Abbreviations
• 33. Writing Clearly Across Cultures and Media
• Readable Writing
• Consistency in Wording
• Serving International Readers
• A Few Words on Email Style
• Writing for Online Reading
• 34. How to Write Science in English as a Foreign Language
• English as the International Language of Science
• The Essentials: Content, Organization, and Clarity
• Cultural Differences to Consider
• Some Common Language Challenges
• More Strategies for English-Language Writing
• More Resources
• Part VIII: Other Topics in Scientific Communication
• 35. How to Write a Thesis
• Purpose of the Thesis
• Tips on Writing
• When to Write the Thesis
• Relationship to the Outside World
• From Thesis to Publication
• 36. How to Prepare a Curriculum Vitae, Cover Letter, and Personal Statement
• What’s a Curriculum Vitae? What’s It Good For?
• What to Put in (and What to Leave Out)
• Other Suggestions
• Preparing a Cover Letter
• Writing a Personal Statement
• 37. How to Prepare Grant Proposals and Progress Reports
• Preparing a Grant Proposal
• Writing a Progress Report
• 38. How to Write a Recommendation Letter—and How to Ask for One
• Deciding Whether to Write the Letter
• Gathering the Information
• Writing Letters
• A Light Aside
• If You’re Seeking Recommendation Letters
• 39. How to Work with the Media
• Before the Interview
• During the Interview
• After the Interview
• 40. How to Provide Peer Review
• Responding to a Request for Peer Review
• Peer-Reviewing a Scientific Paper
• Providing Informal Peer Review
• For More on Reviewing
• 41. How to Edit Your Own Work
• Preparing to Edit Your Work
• Items to Notice: 8 Cs
• A Good Choice: Checklists
• Finding and Working with an Author’s Editor
• 42. How to Seek a Scientific-Communication Career
• Career Options in Scientific Communication
• An Admittedly Unvalidated Quiz
• Career Preparation
• Entering the Field and Keeping Up
• Appendix 1: Selected Journal Title Word Abbreviations
• Appendix 2: Words and Expressions to Avoid
• Appendix 3: SI (Système International) Prefixes and Their Abbreviations
• Appendix 4: Some Helpful Websites
• Glossary
• References
• Index