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• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Acknowledgments
• Contents
• Book & MasteringGeography™ Walkthrough
• Preface
• About the Authors
• Digital & Print Resources
• 1 Geography Matters
• Why Geography Matters
• Why Places Matter
• The Influence of Places
• The Meaning of Places
• Studying Human Geography
• Geographical Relationships
• The Basic Tools and Methods of Human Geographers
• 1.1 GEOGRAPHY MATTERS Why Geography Matters
• 1.2 VISUALIZING GEOGRAPHY Maps
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• Spatial Analysis
• Location
• 1.3 WINDOW ON THE WORLD Greenwich, England
• Distance
• Space
• Accessibility
• 1.4 SPATIAL INEQUALITY Assessing Spatial Inequality
• Spatial Interaction
• Regional Analysis
• Regionalization
• Landscape
• Sense of Place
• Developing a Geographical Imagination
• Future Geographies
• Conclusion
• Key Terms
• Review & Discussion
• Unplugged
• Data Analysis
• 2 The Changing Global Context
• The Premodern World
• Hearth Areas
• The Growth of Early Empires
• The Geography of the Premodern World
• An Interdependent World Geography
• 2.1 GEOGRAPHY MATTERS The Expansion and Disintegration of States
• Core and Periphery in the New World-System
• Organizing the Periphery
• The Struggle for Independence
• Contemporary Globalization
• Key Issues in a Globalizing World
• 2.2 VISUALIZING GEOGRAPHY Commodity Chains
• 2.3 WINDOW ON THE WORLD America’s Drowning Atlantic Seaboard
• 2.4 SPATIAL INEQUALITY Core-Periphery Disparity
• Westernization and Cultural Imperialism
• Future Geographies
• Conclusion
• Key Terms
• Review & Discussion
• Unplugged
• Data Analysis
• 3 Geographies of Population and Migration
• The Demographer’s Toolbox
• Censuses and Vital Records
• Limitations of the Census
• Population Distribution and Composition
• Population Distribution
• Population Density
• Population Composition
• 3.1 SPATIAL INEQUALITY Population Segregation in the United States
• Age-Sex Pyramids
• Population Cohorts
• The Effect of Population Cohorts
• 3.2 VISUALIZING GEOGRAPHY Education Abroad
• Population Dynamics and Processes
• Birth (or Fertility) Rates
• Total Fertility Rate
• Death (or Mortality) Rates
• Infant Mortality and Life Expectancy
• Medical and Health Geographies
• 3.3 GEOGRAPHY MATTERS The Global and the Local in Health and Disease
• Demographic Transition Theory
• The Demographic Trap
• Education, Women, and Demographic Transformation
• Population Movement and Migration
• Mobility and Migration
• Documenting and Explaining Migration
• Push and Pull Factors and Types of Migration
• International Voluntary Migration
• Labor Migration
• 3.4 WINDOW ON THE WORLD Internal Displacement
• Amenity Migration
• International Forced Migration
• Internal Voluntary Migration
• Internal Forced Migration
• Population Debates and Policies
• Population and Resources
• Population Policies and Programs
• International Population Policies
• The UN Millennium Development Goals
• Progress on the MDGs
• Future Geographies
• Conclusion
• Key Terms
• Review & Discussion
• Unplugged
• Data Analysis
• 4 People and Nature
• Nature as a Concept
• The Earth Summits
• Alternative Solutions to Environmental Problems
• Nature and Society Defined
• The Complex Relationship of Environmental Impacts, Population, and Affluence
• 4.1 GEOGRAPHY MATTERS The Political Ecology of Carbon Offsets
• Nature–Society Interactions
• Environmental Attitudes and Philosophies in the United States
• Classical Environmental Philosophies
• Contemporary Environmental Philosophies
• Global Change in the Anthropocene
• European Colonial Expansion
• Global Climate Change
• What is Climate Change?
• How Do We Know Climate Is Changing?
• What Are Some Projected Impacts of These Changes?
• What’s to Be Done?
• The Climate Change Controversy
• Energy, Land-Use Change and Environment
• Energy Needs and Environmental Impacts
• 4.2 SPATIAL INEQUALITY Energy Consumption and Production
• Biomass and Hydropower
• Land Use and Environmental Impacts
• 4.3 VISUALIZING GEOGRAPHY Renewable Energy Resources
• Water Use and Access
• The State of the Global Environment
• Global Environmental Governance
• 4.4 WINDOW ON THE WORLD Ecotourism
• Environmental Sustainability
• Future Geographies
• Conclusion
• Key Terms
• Review & Discussion
• Unplugged
• Data Analysis
• 5 Cultural Geographies
• Culture as a Geographical Process
• Culture
• Geography and Culture
• A Two-Way Relationship
• Traditions of Cultural Geography
• Building Cultural Complexes
• Cultural Landscape
• 5.1 VISUALIZING GEOGRAPHY UNESCO World Heritage Landscapes
• Critique of Sauer’s Cultural Landscape
• European Approaches to Culture and Place
• Cultural Traits
• Cultural Complexes and Regions
• 5.2 GEOGRAPHY MATTERS Shaping Place Through Fact and Fiction, Practice and Representation
• Cultural Systems
• Culture and Society
• Culture and Identity
• Sex and Gender
• Feminism and Gender
• Gender and Class
• Ethnicity
• 5.3 SPATIAL INEQUALITY The Global Gender Gap
• Race
• Whiteness, Blackness, and Rap Music
• Geographies of Disability
• Children’s Geographies and Geographies of Childhood
• Emergent Cultural Geographies
• Actor-Network Theory
• Non-Representational Theory
• Emotional Geographies
• Materialism
• Globalization and Cultural Change
• Americanization and Globalization
• A Global Culture
• 5.4 WINDOW ON THE WORLD Geographies of Beauty and Plastic Surgery
• Future Geographies
• Conclusion
• Key Terms
• Review & Discussion
• Unplugged
• Data Analysis
• 6 Language, Communication, and Belief
• Geographies of Language
• What Is Language?
• The World of Language
• Language Relationships and Dynamics
• Language Family
• Language Trees
• Language Hearths
• Indentify and Language
• 6.1 GEOGRAPHY MATTERS Language Revival
• Communication
• 6.2 SPATIAL INEQUALITY Geographies of Literacy
• Language of Social Media
• Sign Language
• Sensual language
• Religious Geographies
• Global Distribution of the World’s Religions
• Migration and Religion
• The World’s Major Religions
• Religiosity
• 6.3 VISUALIZING GEOGRAPHY Belief Systems and Restrictions on Behavior
• Other Belief Systems
• Globalization, Communication, and Religion
• The Influence of Modern Communications
• 6.4 WINDOW ON THE WORLD Fashion Veiling
• Reaction: Islam and Cultural Nationalism
• Religion and Landscape
• Sacred Spaces and Pilgrimages
• Future Geographies
• Conclusion
• Key Terms
• Review & Discussion
• Unplugged
• Data Analysis
• 7 Interpreting Places and Landscapes
• Behavior, Knowledge, and Human Environments
• Place-Making
• Territoriality
• Street Art
• People and Places, Insiders and Outsiders
• 7.1 SPATIAL INEQUALITY Outsider Art
• Experience and Meaning
• Images and Behavior
• Landscapes as Human Systems
• The Social Meaning of Landscapes
• Landscapes of National Identity
• 7.2 VISUALIZING GEOGRAPHY Route 66
• 7.3 WINDOW ON THE WORLD Trafalgar Square and British National Identity
• Coded Spaces
• Commercial Spaces
• Globalization and Place-Making
• Going Slow
• Places as Objects of Consumption
• 7.4 GEOGRAPHY MATTERS The Geography of Stardom: Celebrity and Place
• Future Geographies
• Conclusion
• Key Terms
• Review & Discussion
• Unplugged
• Data Analysis
• 8 Geographies of Economic Development
• Patterns of Economic Development
• Technological Change and Economic Development
• The Unevenness of Economic Development
• Measuring Levels of Economic Development
• Resources and Development
• 8.1 VISUALIZING GEOGRAPHY Technological Change and Economic Development
• Resources and Development
• The Economic Structure of Countries and Regions
• Knowledge and Economics
• International Trade
• 8.2 WINDOW ON THE WORLD China’s Economic Development
• 8.3 SPATIAL INEQUALITY Gender and Economic Development
• Interpretations of International Patterns of Development
• Regional Economic Development
• The Economics of Location
• Regional Economic Linkages
• The Modification of Regional Core-Periphery Patterns
• Globalization and Economic Development
• Global Assembly Lines and Supply Chains
• New Geographies of Office Employment
• The Experience Economy and Place Marketing
• 8.4 GEOGRAPHY MATTERS How Geopolitics has Changed the World
• Future Geographies
• Conclusion
• Key Terms
• Review & Discussion
• Unplugged
• Data Analysis
• 9 Geographies of Food and Agriculture
• Traditional Agricultural Geography
• Agricultural Practices
• Origins and Change in Agriculture
• Shifting Cultivation
• Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
• Pastoralism
• Culture and Society in Agriculture
• Agricultural Revolution and Industrialization
• The First Agricultural Revolution
• The Second Agricultural Revolution
• The Third Agricultural Revolution
• The Industrialization of Agriculture
• Nontraditional agricultural exports
• 9.1 WINDOW ON THE WORLD The Green Revolution Then and Now
• Contract Farming
• Biotechnology and Agriculture
• Biotechnology
• Opposition to GMOs
• The Adverse Effects of Biotechnology
• Global Change in Food Production and Consumption
• Forces of Change
• National and International Agricultural Policy
• What Are Some Key Agricultural Policies?
• What Are Some Important Impacts of National and International Policies?
• Opposition to Globalized Agriculture
• Agricultural Subsidies
• The Organization of the Agro-Food System
• Agribusiness
• Food Supply Chain
• Food Regimes and Alternative Food Movements
• Colonialism and Food Exports
• Fresh Fruits and Vegetables
• Local Food
• Fast Food
• 9.2 VISUALIZING GEOGRAPHY Urban Agriculture
• Fast Food and its Health Effects
• Fast Food and its Environmental Impacts
• 9.3 SPATIAL INEQUALITY Food Deserts
• The Environment and Agricultural Industrialization
• How the Environment Shapes Agriculture
• How Industrial Agriculture Affects the Environment
• Emerging Challenges and Opportunities in the Global Food System
• Food and Hunger
• Nutrition Issues
• Famine, Food Security and Food Safety
• Land Grabs
• 9.4 GEOGRAPHY MATTERS Hunger and Poverty in the United States
• Addressing Hunger
• Future Geographies
• Conclusion
• Key Terms
• Review & Discussion
• Unplugged
• Data Analysis
• 10 Political Geographies
• The Development of Political Geography
• The Geopolitical Model of the State
• Boundaries and Frontiers
• 10.1 GEOGRAPHY MATTERS Politics at the Poles
• Geopolitics and the World Order
• States, Nations and Citizenship
• What is a citizen
• Multinational States
• Russia’s State and National Transformation
• State Theory
• Althusser
• Foucault
• Deleuze
• Biopolitics
• Imperialism and Colonialism
• Orientalism and Post-colonialism
• 10.2 WINDOW ON THE WORLD The Arab Spring and Its Aftermath
• China and the East/West Divide
• The New World Order
• 10.3 VISUALIZING GEOGRAPHY Global Military Spending
• 10.4 SPATIAL INEQUALITY Global Corruption
• After the Iraq War
• International and Supranational Organizations and New Regimes of Global Governance
• Transnational Political Integration
• Globalization, Transnational Governance, and the State
• The Two-Way Street of Politics and Geography
• The Politics of Geography
• The Geography of Politics and Geographical Systems of Representation
• Future Geographies
• Conclusion
• Key Terms
• Review & Discussion
• Unplugged
• Data Analysis
• 11 Urbanization and the Global Urban System
• Urban Geography and Urbanization
• Studying Urbanization
• Urbanization and Changing Human Geographies
• Foundations of the Global Urban System
• 11.1 SPATIAL INEQUALITY The Prosperity of Cities
• 11.2 GEOGRAPHY MATTERS Cities and Economic Development
• European Urban Expansion
• Industrialization and Urbanization
• Colonial Cities
• 11.3 VISUALIZING GEOGRAPHY The Urbanization Process
• Transport Networks and Urban Systems
• Primacy and Centrality in the Global Urban System
• World Urbanization Today
• World Cities
• Megacities
• Mature Metropolises
• 11.4 WINDOW ON THE WORLD The Pearl River Delta: An Extended Metropolis
• Cities and Climate Change
• Future Geographies
• Conclusion
• Key Terms
• Review & Discussion
• Unplugged
• Data Analysis
• 12 City Spaces: Urban Structure
• Spatial Patterns and Processes in North American Cities
• The Multi-Nodal City
• 12.1 VISUALIZING GEOGRAPHY Spatial Segregation
• The Polycentric Metropolis
• Problems of North American Cities
• 12.2 GEOGRAPHY MATTERS Detroit’s Open Geography: Problems and potential
• Urban Design and Planning
• European Cities
• Features of European Cities
• European Urban Design and Planning
• Islamic Cities
• Cities of the Periphery: Dualism
• The Informal Economy
• Slums of Hope, Slums of Despair
• 12.3 WINDOW ON THE WORLD Doha, Qatar
• 12.4 SPATIAL INEQUALITY Garment Workers in Dhaka
• The Challenges of Growth
• Future Geographies
• Conclusion
• Key Terms
• Review & Discussion
• Unplugged
• Data Analysis
• Glossary
• A
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• D
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• F
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• Photo Credits
• Index
• A
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• D
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