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• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Any screen, Any time, Anywhere
• Copyright
• Foreword by Dr Ranj Singh
• Foreword by Professor Sir Alan Craft
• Why paediatrics is such a great speciality
• Quotes from Dr Ranj Singh
• Quotes from Professor Sir Alan Craft
• Preface
• List of Contributors
• 1. Paediatrics and child health
• Abstract
• The child and young person’s world
• Wellbeing
• Major issues in child health in the UK and high-income countries
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 2. History and examination
• Abstract
• Taking a history
• An approach to examining children or young people
• Obtaining the child’s cooperation
• Examination
• General appearance
• Respiratory system
• Cardiovascular system
• Gastrointestinal system
• Genital area
• Neurology examination
• Musculoskeletal examination
• Head and neck examination
• Communicating with children and young people
• Investigations
• Summary and management plan
• Acknowledgements
• Further Reading
• 3. Normal child development, hearing and vision
• Abstract
• Influence of nature and nurture on development
• Developmental domains
• Developmental milestones
• Assessing if development is normal
• Pattern of child development
• Cognitive development
• Checking developmental progress
• Formal developmental screening and assessment
• Child health surveillance
• Hearing
• Vision
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 4. Developmental problems and the child with special needs
• Abstract
• Definitions
• The approach to a child with developmental problems and special needs
• Investigations
• Management
• Abnormal motor development
• Speech, language and communication needs
• Autism spectrum disorders
• Learning disability
• Developmental coordination disorder
• Problems with concentration and attention
• Hearing impairment
• Visual impairment
• Multidisciplinary approach – child development services
• Education
• The biopsychosocial model of disability, disability rights and advocacy
• Transition
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 5. Care of the ill child and young person
• Abstract
• Medical care
• Children in hospital
• Pain in children
• Prescribing medicines for children
• Communicating serious problems
• Palliative and end-of-life care
• Ethics
• Evidence-based practice
• Research
• Acknowledgements
• Websites
• 6. Paediatric emergencies
• Abstract
• The seriously ill child
• Resuscitation – Basic and Advanced Paediatric Life Support
• Airway obstruction
• Breathing – respiratory failure
• Circulatory failure – shock
• Disability – disordered consciousness
• Sepsis
• Status epilepticus
• Anaphylaxis
• Brief resolved unexplained events (BRUE)
• Sudden unexpected death in infancy
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 7. Accidents and poisoning
• Abstract
• Accidents
• Poisoning
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 8. Maltreatment of children and young people
• Abstract
• Adverse effects of maltreatment
• Types of maltreatment
• Prevalence
• Safeguarding
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• 9. Genetics
• Abstract
• Chromosomal abnormalities
• Patterns of inheritance
• Dysmorphology
• Rare diseases
• Genetic investigations
• Genetic services
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• Online resources
• 10. Perinatal medicine
• Abstract
• Pre-pregnancy care
• Antenatal diagnosis
• Obstetric conditions affecting the fetus
• Maternal conditions affecting the fetus
• Maternal drugs affecting the fetus
• Congenital infections
• Adaptation to extrauterine life
• Neonatal resuscitation
• Size at birth
• Newborn infant physical examination (NIPE)
• Acknowledgements
• Further Reading
• Websites
• 11. Neonatal medicine
• Abstract
• Admission to a neonatal unit
• Stabilizing the preterm or sick infant
• The preterm infant
• Jaundice
• Respiratory distress in term infants
• Infection
• Hypoglycaemia
• Hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy
• Birth injuries
• Neonatal seizures
• Perinatal stroke
• Craniofacial disorders
• Gastrointestinal disorders
• Safeguarding and the newborn
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 12. Growth and puberty
• Abstract
• Normal growth
• Measurement
• Puberty
• Short stature
• Tall stature
• Abnormal head growth
• Early puberty
• Delayed puberty
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 13. Nutrition
• Abstract
• The nutritional vulnerability of infants and children
• Infant feeding
• Faltering growth
• Vitamin D deficiency
• Other vitamin deficiencies
• Malnutrition
• Obesity
• Early childhood caries
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 14. Gastroenterology
• Abstract
• Acute abdominal pain
• Recurrent abdominal pain
• Vomiting
• Gastroenteritis
• Malabsorption
• Chronic non-specific diarrhoea
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Constipation
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 15. Infection and immunity
• Abstract
• The febrile child
• Serious life-threatening infections
• Specific bacterial infections
• Common viral infections
• Seasonal viral infections
• Uncommon viral infections
• Prolonged fever
• Tuberculosis
• Tropical infections
• HIV infection
• Lyme disease
• Immunization
• Immunodeficiency
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 16. Allergy
• Abstract
• Mechanisms of allergic disease
• The hygiene hypothesis
• Clinical evaluation
• Age of onset of allergic conditions
• Prevention of allergic diseases
• Food allergy and food intolerance
• Eczema
• Allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis (rhinoconjunctivitis)
• Asthma
• Urticaria and angioedema
• Drug allergy
• Vaccines
• Insect sting hypersensitivity
• Anaphylaxis
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 17. Respiratory disorders
• Abstract
• Upper respiratory tract infections
• Upper airways obstruction
• Lower respiratory tract infections
• Asthma
• Cough
• Bronchiectasis
• Cystic fibrosis (CF)
• Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD)
• Immunodeficiency
• Sleep-disordered breathing
• Respiratory care in children with complex needs
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 18. Cardiac disorders
• Abstract
• Epidemiology
• Aetiology
• Circulatory changes at birth
• Presentation
• Diagnosis
• Nomenclature
• Left-to-right shunts
• Right-to-left shunts
• Common mixing (blue and breathless)
• Outflow obstruction in the well child
• Outflow obstruction in the sick infant
• Care following cardiac surgery
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Syncope
• Chest pains
• Rheumatic fever
• Infective endocarditis
• Myocarditis/cardiomyopathy
• Kawasaki disease
• Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporarily associated with COVID-19 (PIMS-TS)
• Pulmonary hypertension
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Website
• 19. Kidney and urinary tract disorders
• Abstract
• Assessment of renal function
• Radiological investigations
• Congenital anomalies
• Urinary tract infection (UTI)
• Enuresis
• Proteinuria
• Haematuria
• Hypertension
• Renal masses
• Renal calculi
• Renal tubular disorders
• Acute kidney injury
• Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
• Chronic kidney disease
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 20. Genital disorders
• Abstract
• Inguinoscrotal conditions
• Abnormalities of the penis
• Genital disorders in girls
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• 21. Liver disorders
• Abstract
• Neonatal cholestasis
• Neonatal metabolic liver disease
• Viral hepatitis
• Acute liver failure (fulminant hepatitis)
• Liver disease in older children
• Complications of chronic liver disease
• Liver transplantation
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 22. Malignant disease
• Abstract
• Aetiology
• Clinical presentation
• Investigations
• Management
• Treatment
• Supportive care and side-effects of disease and treatment
• Leukaemia
• Brain tumours
• Lymphomas
• Neuroblastoma
• Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma)
• Soft tissue sarcomas
• Bone tumours
• Retinoblastoma
• Kaposi sarcoma
• Rare tumours
• Long-term survivors
• Palliative and end-of-life care
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 23. Haematological disorders
• Abstract
• Haematological values at birth and the first few weeks of life
• Anaemia
• Bone marrow failure syndromes
• Bleeding disorders
• Thrombosis in children
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 24. Child and adolescent mental health
• Abstract
• How to ask about emotional and behavioural problems
• Adverse life experiences in the family
• Specific paediatric emotional, behavioural and mental health problems
• Management of emotional and behavioural problems
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 25. Dermatological disorders
• Abstract
• The newborn
• Rashes of infancy
• Infections and infestations
• Other childhood skin disorders
• Rashes and systemic disease
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Website
• 26. Diabetes mellitus and endocrinology
• Abstract
• Diabetes mellitus
• Hypoglycaemia
• Thyroid disorders
• Pituitary disorders
• Adrenal disorders
• Disorders of sex development
• Parathyroid disorders
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 27. Inborn errors of metabolism
• Abstract
• Overview
• Newborn blood spot screening
• Metabolic disease and acid–base disturbance
• Hyperammonaemia
• Hypoglycaemia
• Lysosomal storage disorders
• Mitochondrial disease
• Lipid storage disorders
• Disorders of lipid metabolism
• Acknowledgements
• Websites
• 28. Musculoskeletal disorders
• Abstract
• Assessment of the musculoskeletal system
• Variations of normal posture
• Abnormal posture
• The painful limb, knee, and back
• Limp
• Arthritis
• Auto-inflammatory syndromes
• Genetic skeletal conditions
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 29. Neurological disorders
• Abstract
• Headache
• Seizures
• Epilepsies of childhood
• Motor disorders
• Central motor disorders
• Peripheral motor disorders: the neuromuscular disorders
• Ataxia
• Cerebrovascular disease
• Microcephaly and macrocephaly
• Neural tube defects and hydrocephalus
• Neurocutaneous syndromes
• Neurodegenerative disorders
• Poliodystrophies
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• 30. Adolescent medicine
• Abstract
• Communicating with adolescents
• Consent and confidentiality
• Range of health problems
• Mortality
• Impact of chronic illness
• Fatigue, headache, and other somatic symptoms
• Mental health problems
• Health-risk behaviour
• Sexual health
• Health promotion
• Transition to adult services
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• 31. Global child health
• Abstract
• Child mortality
• Improving neonatal survival
• Maternal health and obstetric care
• Improving the survival and quality of life of children
• Non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
• Mental health disorders
• Coexisting multiple pathologies: a major threat to child survival
• Children affected by conflict
• Climate change
• Outbreaks and emerging infections
• Acknowledgements
• Further reading
• Websites
• Appendix
• Growth charts
• Gestational age assessment of newborn infants
• Paediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS)
• Asthma action plan
• Blood pressure
• Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)
• Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)
• Imaging in children
• Blood tests
• WETFLAG emergency management of resuscitation
• Initial fluid management of dehydration and shock
• Parkland formula for burns
• Index
• Confidence is ClinicalKey