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• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction
• Chapter 1. Basic Concepts in Psychological Measurement
• 1.1. Some Simple Statistical Ideas
• 1.2. Assessing Quality of Measurement: Reliability and Validity
• 1.3. Methods of Measurement: Self- and Observer Reports, Direct Observations, Biodata
• 1.4. Summary and Conclusions
• Chapter 2. Personality Traits and the Inventories That Measure Them
• 2.1. The Idea of a Personality Trait
• 2.2. Personality Traits and Other Psychological Characteristics
• 2.3. Do Personality Traits Exist?
• 2.4. Measuring Traits by Self- or Observer Report: Structured Personality Inventories
• 2.5. Strategies of Personality Inventory Construction
• 2.6. Self- and Observer Reports on Personality Inventory Scales
• 2.7. Summary and Conclusions
• Chapter 3. Personality Structure: Classifying Traits
• 3.1. Which Traits to Measure? Completeness Without Redundancy
• 3.2. A Gentle Introduction to Factor Analysis
• 3.3. Factor Analysis of Personality Traits: How to Find a Representative Set of Traits?
• 3.4. Lexical Studies in the English Language: The Big Five Personality Factors
• 3.5. Lexical Studies in Many Languages: The HEXACO Personality Factors
• 3.6. What It All Means: A Few Dimensions, But Many Personalities
• 3.7. Summary and Conclusions
• Chapter 4. Developmental Change and Stability of Personality
• 4.1. Defining Change and Stability
• 4.2. Developmental Changes in Mean Levels of Personality Traits
• 4.3. Stability of Traits Across the Years (and the Life Span)
• 4.4. Personality in Childhood and Infancy: Measurement and Structure
• 4.5. Summary and Conclusions
• Chapter 5. Biological Bases of Personality
• 5.1. Early Ideas: The Four “Humors” and Personality
• 5.2. Neurotransmitters
• 5.3. Brain Structures
• 5.4. Hormones
• 5.5. Summary and Conclusions
• Chapter 6. Genetic and Environmental Influences on Personality
• 6.1. The Question: Nature Versus Nurture
• 6.2. Examining the Similarity of Relatives
• 6.3. Separating Heredity and Environment
• 6.4. The Answers
• 6.5. Assumptions Underlying Heritability Studies in General
• 6.6. Assumptions Underlying Twin-Based Heritability Studies in Particular
• 6.7. Effects of the Unique Environment on Personality? Parental Treatment, Peer Groups, and Birth Order
• 6.8. Summary and Conclusions
• 6.9. Appendix: Difficulties in Separating the Effects of Heredity and Environment
• Chapter 7. The Evolutionary Function of Personality
• 7.1. The Idea of Evolution by Natural Selection
• 7.2. Why Are We Not All the Same? Fluctuating Optimum and Frequency Dependence
• 7.3. Adaptive Trade-offs Between High and Low Levels of the HEXACO Personality Factors
• 7.4. Cross-Generational and Cross-National Differences in Mean Levels of Personality Traits
• 7.5. Summary and Conclusions
• Chapter 8. Personality Disorders
• 8.1. The Idea of a Personality Disorder
• 8.2. The DSM-5 Personality Disorders
• 8.3. An Alternative System for Personality Disorders
• 8.4. Origins of Personality Disorders: Developmental Change and Stability, Biological Bases, Heredity and Environment, and Evolutionary Function
• 8.5. Treatment of Personality Disorders
• 8.6. Summary and Conclusions
• Chapter 9. Personality and Life Outcomes
• 9.1. Does Personality Matter in Life?
• 9.2. Relationships and Marriage
• 9.3. Friendships and Other Peer Relationships
• 9.4. Health-Related Outcomes
• 9.5. Academic Performance
• 9.6. Job Performance
• 9.7. Law-Abidingness Versus Criminality
• 9.8. Life Satisfaction
• 9.9. Summary and Conclusions
• Chapter 10. Mental Ability
• 10.1. The Domain of Mental Ability
• 10.2. The Structure of Mental Ability: One Dimension or Many?
• 10.3. Developmental Change and Stability in Mental Ability
• 10.4. Biological Correlates of Mental Ability
• 10.5. Genetic and Environmental Influences on Mental Ability
• 10.6. Evolutionary Function of Mental Ability
• 10.7. Mental Ability and Life Outcomes
• 10.8. Not All g-Loaded Tasks Are the Same
• 10.9. Alternative Ideas About Mental Ability
• 10.10. Summary and Conclusions
• Chapter 11. Vocational Interests
• 11.1. How Vocational Interests Are Measured
• 11.2. Score Reports From Vocational Interest Surveys
• 11.3. Constructing Vocational Interest Scales: Empirical and Rational Strategies
• 11.4. Major Dimensions of Vocational Interests
• 11.5. Vocational Interests and Personality
• 11.6. Vocational Interests and Mental Abilities
• 11.7. Validity of Vocational Interest Surveys
• 11.8. Origins of Vocational Interests: Developmental Change and Stability, Genetic and Environmental Influences, Biological Bases, and Evolution
• 11.9. Summary and Conclusions
• Chapter 12. Religion and Politics
• 12.1. Religion
• 12.2. Politics
• 12.3. Origins of Religious Beliefs and Political Attitudes: Biological Bases, Genetic and Environmental Influences, and Evolutionary Function
• 12.4. Summary and Conclusions
• Chapter 13. Sexuality
• 13.1. Major Dimensions of Sexuality
• 13.2. Sexuality and Personality
• 13.3. Origins of Variation in Sexuality: Developmental Stability and Change, Genetic and Environmental Influences, Biological Bases, and Evolution
• 13.4. Sexual Arousal
• 13.5. Sexual Commitment (or Restricted Versus Unrestricted Sociosexuality)
• 13.6. Sexual Orientation
• 13.7. Summary and Conclusions
• Conclusions
• References
• Index