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• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Biographies
• List of Contributors
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction—Opportunities and Challenges
• References
• Section I: Creativity Theory and Performing Artists
• Chapter 1. Microarrays in the Brain: Can They Be Used for Brain–Machine Interface Control?
• Abstract
• Building a Brain–Machine Interface
• The Architecture of a Brain–Machine Interface
• What Does the Motor Cortex Do?
• Low Performance Level and Limited Ability to Generalize
• So the Answer to What the Motor Cortex Does Is…
• Future Possibilities
• Direct Control Versus Indirect Decoding
• Concluding Remarks
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Chapter 2. Feedback-Sensitive and Closed-Loop Solutions
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Cranial Nerve Electrical Stimulation for Seizure Control
• Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy: Historical Perspective
• Brain Stimulation In Vitro and In Vivo
• Thalamic Brain Stimulation
• Location of Brain Stimulation
• Electrical Parameters for Brain Stimulation
• Possible Mechanisms of Action
• Closed-Loop Brain Stimulation
• Clinical Applications
• The RNS System: Pivotal and Long-Term Results
• Seizure Prediction
• Adverse Effects and Technical Challenges
• Summary
• References
• Chapter 3. Directional Deep Brain Stimulation
• Abstract
• Deep Brain Stimulation Inhibits Neuronal Firing
• DBS Hardware
• Accurate DBS Lead Targeting and Placement is Critical for Success of the Therapy
• Directional DBS Leads Confer Several Benefits
• Directional DBS in Parkinson’s Disease and Essential Tremor
• Directional DBS Clinical Proof of Concept
• Application of Directional DBS to Other Diseases
• References
• Chapter 4. Waveform Variation in Neuromodulation
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Modifications of Traditional Waveform Parameters and Shapes
• Deep Brain Stimulation
• Spinal Cord Stimulation
• Other Considerations
• References
• Section II: New Modes of Therapy
• Chapter 5. Ultrasound Neuromodulation: A Chapter for Innovative Neuromodulation
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Physics of Ultrasound
• Historical Perspective of Ultrasonic Neuromodulation
• Experimental Cortical Neuromodulation
• Neuromodulation of Visual-Evoked Potentials
• Experimental Neuromodulation of Deep Cerebral Structures
• Hippocampal Neuromodulation With Ultrasound
• Cortical Neuromodulation in Large Animals and Humans
• Mechanisms of Ultrasonic Neuromodulation
• Clinical Applications of FUS Neuromodulation
• Future Clinical Applications of FUS Neuromodulation
• Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 6. Optogenetics
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Opsins
• In Vivo Optogenetic Applications
• Outlook: Nonhuman Primates and Human Tissue
• References
• Chapter 7. Introduction to Basic Mechanisms of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
• Basic Principles of Nerve Stimulation With Magnetic Pulses
• Effect of TMS on Motor Cortex
• I-Waves
• TMS of Motor Cortex Excites Inhibitory as Well as Excitatory Neurons: Paired Pulse Evidence
• Models
• Synaptic Plasticity
• References
• Chapter 8. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: From Historical Foundations to Future Directions
• Abstract
• History
• Technical Aspects
• Parameters of Stimulation
• Safety
• Clinical Application
• Future Directions
• Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 9. Viral Vectors and Other Modulatory Biologics
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Viral Vectors
• Adenovirus
• Adeno-Associated Virus
• Herpes Simplex Virus
• Lentivirus (Retrovirus)
• Nonviral Vector-Mediated Gene Therapy
• Viral-Mediated Neuromodulation and Gene Therapy for Neurological Disease
• Parkinson Disease
• Chronic Pain
• Epilepsy
• Psychiatric Disorders
• Conclusions
• References
• Section III: Innovative Thinking
• Chapter 10. Neuroprosthetic Advances
• Abstract
• Introduction
• From an Electrophysiological “Brace” Toward a Neuroprosthetic Device
• Neuroprosthetic Devices for Control of Movement via Peripheral Sensory Nerve Stimulation
• Neuroprosthetic Devices Based on Spinal Cord Stimulation of Posterior Structures of the Spinal Cord
• Neuroprosthesis for Motor Control Available Today
• References
• Chapter 11. Neuromodulation for Memory
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Validation of Hemispheric Encoding-Retrieval Asymmetry (HERA) Model
• Motor Memory—Interhemispheric Competition Model
• Recovery of Motor Memory After Stroke
• Deep Brain Stimulation for Declarative Memory and Dementia
• Optogenetic Isolation of Memory Engrams
• Conclusion
• Key Questions
• References
• Chapter 12. Deep Brain Stimulation for Vegetative State and Minimally Conscious State
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Patients and Methods
• Results
• Discussion and Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 13. Neuromodulation as a Bypass—Spinal Cord Injury
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Recording
• Proof of Concept
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Chapter 14. Neuromodulation for Psychiatric Disorders
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Accepted Indications
• Experimental
• Neuromodulation in Other Psychiatric Indications
• Conclusion
• References
• Index