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• Cover Page
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• About The Authors
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Globalization
• Introduction
• 1.1 What Is Globalization?
• Globalization of Markets
• Globalization of Production
• 1.2 The Flat World, Round World Globalization Debate
• Two Sides of the Globalization Coin
• 1.3 Uncertain Global Business Landscape and Re-Globalization Debate
• Changing Perspectives on Globalization
• 1.4 Governing Globalization
• 1.5 Managing Globalization
• Emerging Markets
• Multinational Corporations
• Summary
• Case Study: Export Restrictions and Global Food Crisis
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 2 International Business Analytic Tools
• Introduction
• 2.1 Why International Business?
• Increased Sales
• New Resources
• Reduced Risk
• 2.2 External Environment
• Political Factors
• Economic Factors
• Sociocultural Factors
• Technological Factors
• 2.3 Internal Environment
• Country Entry
• Strategy
• Organization
• Leadership
• Summary
• Case Study: AI in Amazon
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 3 Political Systems
• Introduction
• 3.1 The Political Spectrum
• Individualism
• Collectivism
• 3.2 Political Risks
• Macro Political Risk
• Micro Political Risk
• Direct and Indirect Effects of Political Risk
• The Constant Challenge of Managing Political Risk
• 3.3 Measures of Political Freedom
• The Freedom House and Heritage Foundation Measures
• 3.4 Governmental Involvement in Business
• When Governments Relax Their Policies
• Summary
• Case Study: Background on the Banana Industry
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 4 The Legal Environment
• Introduction
• 4.1 Differing Legal Systems
• The Rule of Law
• Three Different Levels of Law
• Types of Legal Systems
• International Law
• The Effect of the Enforcement of Laws on International Business
• 4.2 Common Legal Issues for International Business
• Increasing Wealth Through Regulatory Changes
• Product Liability
• Property Rights and Intellectual Property
• 4.3 Illegal Versus Unethical Conducts
• Ethics
• International Business and a Reactive Versus Proactive Response to Ethical Dilemmas
• 4.4 Important International Laws
• The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
• e-Commerce and Data Privacy
• Summary
• Case Study: Intellectual property: Vodacom “Please Call Me” case
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 5 Economic Systems
• Introduction
• 5.1 Understanding Economic Systems
• 5.2 Measuring Outputs
• Gross Domestic Product
• Gross National Product
• Other Measures of Prosperity and Opportunity
• The Components of GDP
• 5.3 Governmental Economic Controls
• Monetary Policy
• 5.4 Currency Fluctuation and Concentration Effects
• Purchasing Power Parity and the Law of One Price
• The Gini Coefficient
• Summary
• Case Study 1: President Trump’s Attempts to Direct Monetary Policy for the United States
• Case Study 2: Russia’s Ruble Is not Rubble
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 6 Currency and Foreign Exchange
• Introduction
• 6.1 What Is Money?
• 6.2 Understanding Exchange Rates
• What Institutions Facilitate Foreign Exchange?
• Determining Exchange Rates
• Undervalued or Overvalued Currency
• 6.3 The Consequences of Undervalued or Overvalued Currencies for International Businesses
• Undervalued Currency
• Overvalued Currency
• 6.4 Understanding and Managing Exchange Rate Risks
• Managing Exchange Rate Risks
• Predicting Exchange Rate Shifts
• Summary
• Case Study 1: Libra—The Next Bitcoin?
• Case Study 2: Digital Currencies and China’s Moves
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 7 Trade Theories
• Introduction
• 7.1 Theories of Trade
• Interventionist Theories
• Free-Trade Theories
• Trade Pattern Theories
• Using Trade Theory as a Global Manager
• 7.2 Trade Imbalances and Their Consequences
• The Balance of Trade
• Why Trade Imbalances Exist and Persist?
• What About the U.S. Dollar and International Trade?
• 7.3 Patterns of Trade: Increased Regionalization
• Global Integration
• Policy Implications of the WTO
• Bilateral Trade Agreements
• Regional Trade Agreements
• ASEAN: Shared Vision-Shared Dreams
• Other Forms of Trade Agreements
• 7.4 Government Policies Directed at Trades
• Summary
• Case Study: USMCA and Polaris
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 8 Culture
• Introduction
• 8.1 What Is Culture?
• What Is Culture?
• Determinants of Culture
• 8.2 What Does Culture Mean for Business?
• Social Stratification
• Work Motivation
• Relationship Preferences
• Risk-Taking Behavior
• Information
• 8.3 Managing Cultural Differences
• Recognize Differences
• Respect Differences
• Reconcile Differences
• 8.4 Building Cultural Intelligence
• Assessing Cultural Intelligence
• Improving Cultural Intelligence
• Summary
• Case Study: Microsoft Reaffirms the Role of Diversity and Inclusion in Their Corporate Culture
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 9 Sustainability
• Introduction
• 9.1 What Is Sustainability?
• Sustaining Sustainability
• Climate Change
• Resource Constraints
• 9.2 Fighting Short-Termism
• Sources of Short-Termism
• Fighting Short-Termism
• 9.3 Collaborating for Sustainability
• Why Companies Want to Collaborate
• How to Collaborate Successfully
• 9.4 Sustainability and Innovation
• Stage 1: View Compliance as Opportunity
• Stage 2: Make Value Chains Sustainable
• Stage 3: Design Sustainable Products and Services
• Stage 4: Develop New Business ­Models
• Summary
• Case Study: Sustainable Fashion at H&M
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 10 Poverty
• Introduction
• 10.1 Causes and Consequences of Global Poverty
• The Poverty Trap
• Risks of Poverty
• 10.2 Traditional Responses to Poverty
• Poverty Programs
• Other Types of Organizations That Fight Poverty
• 10.3 A Business Response to Poverty
• The Poor as a Social Responsibility
• The Poor as Profitable Clients
• Base of the Pyramid Strategies
• Reverse Innovation
• The Poor as Entrepreneurial Producers
• 10.4 Doing Well and Doing Goods
• Summary
• Case Study: Poverty Eradication through Sustainable Agriculture: Lessons from Ghana
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 11 Technological Change and Infrastructure
• Introduction
• 11.1 Technology as Physical Infrastructure
• Raw Materials
• Manufacturing Equipment
• Transportation Networks
• Energy Resources
• 11.2 Technology of Information Infrastructure
• Communication Technologies
• Internet Speed
• Peer-to-Peer and the Shared Economy
• Data Storage and Processing Technologies
• 11.3 Technology of Human Infrastructure
• Education
• Corporate Training and Development
• Industry, Education, and Government
• 11.4 Technology Trends in International Business
• Digital Transformation—The Burgeoning Phenomenon
• Summary
• Case Study: Mobileye Driverless Tech and Global Partnerships
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 12 Global Innovation and Intellectual Property
• Introduction
• 12.1 Innovation as a Tool for Global Growth
• Three Kinds of Innovation
• Risks of Market-Creating Innovation
• 12.2 Investing in Innovation
• From Local to Global Innovation
• Innovation as a Human Capital Endeavor
• 12.3 Driving a Culture of Innovation
• Foundations of Culture
• The Innovator’s Imperative
• 12.4 Protecting Intellectual Property
• Patents
• Copyrights
• Trademarks
• Trade Secrets
• International Bodies and Laws Governing IP
• The Difficulty of Enforcement
• Summary
• Case Study: How China Innovates
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 13 Country Selection and Entry Modes
• Introduction
• 13.1 Deciding Which Foreign Markets to Enter
• The Liability of Foreignness
• First-Mover Advantage
• Following Clients Globally
• 13.2 Entry Modes
• Exporting
• Turnkey Operations
• Licensing
• Franchising
• Joint Ventures
• Wholly Owned Subsidiary
• 13.3 Make, Ally, or Buy
• Make
• Ally
• Buy
• Summary
• Case Study: What Is Uber’s Market Entry Strategy?
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 14 International Strategy
• Introduction
• 14.1 What Is Strategy?
• Value Creation and Capture
• Strategic Positioning
• Value Chain Analysis
• 14.2 Becoming Locally Responsive
• Advantages of Being Locally Responsive
• Disadvantages of Being Locally Responsive
• 14.3 Achieving Global Integration
• Advantages of Being Globally Integrated
• Disadvantages of Being Globally Integrated
• 14.4 Choosing an International Strategy
• Multidomestic Strategy
• Meganational Strategy
• Transnational Strategy
• Summary
• Case Study 1: Hyundai International Strategy for Europe
• Case Study 2: Qualtrics’ Strategy after SAP
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 15 International Organizational Structures
• Introduction
• 15.1 Types of Organizational Structures
• Functional Structure
• Divisional Structure
• Matrix Structure
• Network Structure
• 15.2 Informal Organizational Controls
• Company Culture
• Control Systems
• Incentives as Control
• 15.3 Reducing The Need for Coordination Among Subsidiaries: Virtual Organizations, Standards, and Modularity
• Virtual Organizations
• Technology Standards
• Modularity
• 15.4 Horizontal Subsidiary Coordination
• Summary
• Case Study: Should Tesla Keep Its Partnership with Panasonic?
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 16 Global Leadership
• Introduction
• 16.1 What Is Global Leadership?
• The Global Context of Leadership
• The Need for Global Leadership
• 16.2 Global Leadership Competencies
• General Competencies
• Company-Related Competencies
• Location-Related Competencies
• 16.3 Building Global Leadership Competencies in Others
• 16.4 Building Global Leadership Competencies in Yourself
• Find Academic Environments That Encourage Global Development
• Seek Opportunities at Work and Ask for Help
• Be Patient and Flexible
• Summary
• Case Study: Silvio Napoli in India
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 17 Global Marketing
• Introduction
• 17.1 Global Market Segmentation
• 17.2 Standardization Versus Differentiation in International Marketing
• Standardization of the Marketing Mix
• Differentiation of the Marketing Mix
• Glocalization
• 17.3 Global Branding
• Building Brand Awareness
• Brand Image
• Brand Loyalty
• Brand Equity
• Benefits of a Global Brand
• Downsides of a Global Brand
• 17.4 Global Pricing and Distribution
• General Pricing Strategies
• Other Factors Affecting Global Pricing
• Distribution Strategies
• Summary
• Case Study: The Growth of Domino’s Pizza Through International Marketing
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 18 Global Operations and Supply-Chain Management
• Introduction
• 18.1 Global Procurement
• Advantages of Global Procurement
• Disadvantages of Global Procurement
• Outsourcing and Offshoring
• 18.2 Global Production
• Advantages of Making
• Disadvantages of Making
• Location
• Relocation
• 18.3 Global Supply Chains
• Improving Global Supply-Chain Management
• Information Technologies
• 18.4 Using Data Analytics to Improve Supply Chain
• Applications of Data Analytics
• Improving Performance
• Emerging Global Supply-Chain Strategies Post COVID-19
• Summary
• Case Study: Toyota and the Return of Inventory
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 19 Global Human Resource Management
• Introduction
• 19.1 The Global HR Wheel
• Human Capital Portfolio
• HR Practices
• Focusing on Organizational Outcomes
• 19.2 Human Capital in the Global Context
• Local Human Capital
• Subsidiary Human Capital
• Corporate Human Capital
• International Human Capital
• 19.3 Meeting Strategic Objectives Through Human Capital
• The Multidomestic Strategy
• The Meganational Strategy
• The Transnational Strategy
• 19.4 Tasks of the Global HR Function
• Contributing to Business Decision Making
• Providing HR Expertise
• Delivering HR Services
• Summary
• Case Study: Time for Realignment: Developing a Culture of Transparency at MX across the Pond
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• 20 Global Finance and Accounting
• Introduction
• 20.1 Financing International Trade and Investment
• International Banking
• International Bond Markets
• International Stock Markets
• 20.2 Capital Budgeting for Multinational Companies
• The Parent Firm’s Capital Budgeting Decisions
• The Cost of Capital: Domestic Versus Global
• 20.3 International Accounting Standards
• Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
• International Financial Reporting Standards
• 20.4 Global Tax Matters
• Corporate Income Tax
• Transfer Pricing
• Summary
• Case Study: Microsoft’s Failed Acquisition of Nokia
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Endnotes
• Glossary
• Index
• EULA