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• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Visual tour
• List of Key Influence boxes
• List of Defining Concept boxes
• List of Spotlight boxes
• List of Example boxes
• Preface: A User’s Guide
• Acknowledgements
• Publisher’s acknowledgements
• Part 1: Cultural Theory
• 1 Culture and cultural studies
• 1.0 Introduction
• 1.1 What is Culture?
• Culture with a big ‘C’
• Culture as a ‘way of life’
• Process and development
• 1.2 Issues and problems in the study of Culture
• How do people become part of a culture?
• How does cultural studies interpret what things mean?
• How does cultural studies understand the past?
• Can other cultures be understood?
• How can we understand the relationships between cultures?
• Why are some cultures and cultural forms valued more highly than others?
• What is the relationship between culture and power?
• How is ‘culture as power’ negotiated and resisted?
• How does culture shape who we are?
• 1.3 Theorising Culture
• Culture and social structure
• Social structure and social conflict: class, gender and ‘race’
• Culture in its own right and as a force for change
• Performing culture and becoming
• 1.4 Conclusion: What is cultural Studies?
• Further reading
• 2 Culture, communication and representation
• 2.0 Introduction
• 2.1 The organisation of Meaning
• Spoken, written and visual texts
• Communication and meaning
• Structuralism and the order of meaning
• Hermeneutics and interpretation
• Political economy, ideology and meaning
• Poststructuralism and the patterns of meaning
• Postmodernism and semiotics
• 2.2 Language, Representation, Power and Inequality
• Language and power
• Language and class
• Language, race and ethnicity
• Language and gender
• 2.3 Mass Communication and Representation
• The mass media and representation
• Mass media representations of gender
• 2.4 Audience Research and Reception Studies
• The behavioural paradigm
• The incorporation/resistance paradigm
• The spectacle/performance paradigm
• 2.5 Conclusion
• Further reading
• 3 Culture, power, globalisation and inequality
• 3.0 Introduction
• 3.1 Understanding Globalisation
• Globalisation: cultural and economic change
• Theorising about globalisation
• Globalisation and inequality
• 3.2 Theorising about Culture, Power and Inequality
• Marx and Marxism
• Weber, status and inequality
• Caste societies
• 3.3 Legitimating Inequality
• Ideology as common sense: hegemony
• Ideology as incorporation: the Frankfurt School
• Habitus
• 3.4 Culture and the production and reproduction of Inequality
• Class
• ‘Race’ and ethnicity
• Gender
• Age
• Structural and local conceptions of power
• 3.5 Conclusion
• Further reading
• 4 Consumption, collaboration and digital media
• 4.0 Introduction
• 4.1 Consumption
• Defining consumption
• Theories of consumption
• Consumer society
• Shopping
• Fashion
• Advertising
• 4.2 The Information Society
• New information communication technologies
• The culture of new media and digital technologies
• Consequences of an information society
• Technology and everyday life
• 4.3 Conclusion
• Further reading
• 5 Researching culture
• 5.0 Introduction
• 5.1 Content and Thematic Analysis
• Quantitative content analysis: gangsta rap lyrics
• Thematic analysis
• 5.2 Semiotics as a method of Analysis
• Semiotics of advertising
• A semiotic analysis of a sophisticated advertisement
• 5.3 Ethnography
• 5.4 Some New Directions
• 5.5 Conclusion
• Further reading
• Part 2: Cultural Studies
• 6 Topographies of culture: geography, meaning and power
• 6.0 Introduction
• 6.1 What is Cultural Geography?
• 6.2 Placenames: Interaction, Power and Representation
• 6.3 Landscape Representation
• 6.4 National Identity
• 6.5 Discourses of Orientalism
• 6.6 Mobility, Hybridity and Heterogeneity
• 6.7 Performing Identities
• 6.8 Living in a material World
• 6.9 Conclusion
• Further reading
• 7 Politics and culture
• 7.0 Introduction
• 7.1 Cultural Politics and Political Culture
• From politics to cultural politics
• Legitimation, representation and performance
• 7.2 Cultures of political Power
• The cultural politics of democracy in nineteenth-century Britain
• Performing identities in conventional politics
• Bureaucracy as culture
• Performing state power
• 7.3 Cultures of Resistance
• Performing identities in unconventional politics
• The limits of transgression: The Satanic Verses
• 7.4 Conclusion
• Further reading
• 8 Cultured bodies
• 8.0 Introduction
• 8.1 The Social Construction of Corporeality
• 8.2 Techniques of the Body
• Mauss’s identification of body techniques
• Young: ‘Throwing like a girl’
• Goffman: body idiom and body gloss
• 8.3 Culture as Control: Regulating the human Body
• Power, discourse and the body: Foucault
• Civilising the body: Elias
• Eating: a disciplined or a civilised cultural practice?
• Obesity wars
• 8.4 Representations of Embodiment
• Fashion
• Gender difference and representations of femininity
• Representations of masculinity
• Representing sexuality
• 8.5 The Body as medium of expression and Transgression
• The emotional body
• The sporting body
• Body arts
• Discoursing the fit body
• Bodybuilding: comic-book masculinity and transgressive femininity?
• 8.6 Cyborgism, fragmentation and the end of the Body?
• 8.7 Conclusion
• Further reading
• 9 Subcultures, postsubcultures and fans
• 9.0 Introduction
• 9.1 Power, Divisions, Interpretation and Change
• 9.2 Folk Devils, Moral Panics and Subcultures
• Stanley Cohen: Folk Devils and Moral Panics
• Moral panic updated
• 9.3 Youth Subcultures in british Cultural Studies
• Resistance Through Rituals: the general approach
• Phil Cohen: working-class youth subcultures in East London
• Ideology and hegemony
• Structures, cultures and biographies
• 9.4 Three Classic studies from the birmingham centre for contemporary cultural Studies
• Paul Willis: Learning to Labour
• Paul Willis: Profane Culture
• Dick Hebdige: Subculture: The Meaning of Style
• 9.5 Youth Subcultures and Gender
• The teenybop culture of romance
• Pop music, rave culture and gender
• 9.6 Youth Subcultures and ‘Race’
• Simon Jones’s Black Culture, White Youth: new identities in multiracial cities
• 9.7 The birmingham centre for contemporary cultural studies and youth Subcultures: A General Critique
• 9.8 Aspects of Subculture
• Some key studies of more recent subcultures
• 9.9 Rethinking Subcultures: Interactions and Networks
• 9.10 Fans: Stereotypes, Star Trek and Opposition
• Fans of Star Trek
• Fans of daytime soap opera
• 9.11 Conclusion
• Further reading
• 10 Visual culture
• 10.0 Introduction
• 10.1 Visual Culture and Visual Representation
• 10.2 Modernity and Visual Culture: Classic Thinkers and Themes
• Georg Simmel: metropolitan culture and visual interaction
• Walter Benjamin: mechanical reproduction, aura and the Paris arcades
• The figure of the flâneur
• 10.3 Technologies of Realism: Photography and Film
• The development of photography and film
• The documentary tradition
• Colin MacCabe: the classic realist text
• Laura Mulvey: the male gaze
• Slavoj Žižek: psychoanalysis and cinema
• 10.4 Foucault: The Gaze and Surveillance
• 10.5 Tourism and The Tourist Gaze
• The tourist gaze
• Postmodernism and post-tourism
• 10.6 The glimpse, the gaze, the scan and the Glance
• 10.7 Visual interaction in public Places
• Categoric knowing: appearential and spatial orders
• Unfocused interaction, civil inattention and public harassment
• De Certeau: strategies, tactics and urban walking
• 10.8 The City as Text
• Marshall Berman: modernity, modernisation and modernism
• Reading architecture
• Reading cities: legibility and imageability
• Reading landscape and power
• 10.9 Visual Culture, Simulacra and the Digital
• Digitalisation and the future of representation
• 10.10 Conclusion
• Further reading
• Bibliography
• Index