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• Cover
• Preface
• I Mechanics
• 1 Kinematics
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Distance and Displacement
• 1.3 Speed and Velocity
• 1.4 Acceleration
• 1.5 Average Velocity or Speed
• 1.6 Change in Displacement Under Constant Acceleration
• 1.7 The Acceleration Due to Gravity
• 1.8 Independence of Motion in Two Dimensions
• 1.9 Summary
• 1.10 Problems
• 2 Force and Newton’s Laws of Motion
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 The Concept of Force
• 2.3 Kinds of Force
• 2.4 Newtonian Gravity
• 2.5 Fictitious Forces
• 2.6 Summary
• 2.7 Problems
• 3 Motion in a Circle
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Description of Circular Motion
• 3.3 Circular Velocity and Acceleration
• 3.4 Centripetal Force
• 3.5 Sources of Centripetal Force
• 3.6 Summary
• 3.7 Problems
• 4 Statics
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Equilibrium
• 4.3 Torque
• 4.4 The Principle of Moments
• 4.5 Centre of Gravity/Centre of Mass
• 4.6 Stability
• 4.7 Summary
• 4.8 Problems
• 5 Energy
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 What is Energy?
• 5.3 Work
• 5.4 Kinetic Energy
• 5.5 Potential Energy
• 5.6 Conservative Forces
• 5.7 Conservation of Total Energy
• 5.8 Power
• 5.9 Summary
• 5.10 Problems
• 6 Momentum
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Linear Momentum
• 6.3 Newton’s Laws and Momentum
• 6.4 Collisions
• 6.5 Elastic Collisions
• 6.6 Summary
• 6.7 Problems
• 7 Simple Harmonic Motion
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Hooke’s Law
• 7.3 Simple Harmonic Motion
• 7.4 The Simple Pendulum
• 7.5 Summary
• 7.6 Problems
• 8 Waves
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 SHM and Waves
• 8.3 Frequency, Wavelength, and Speed
• 8.4 The Form of the Wave
• 8.5 Types of Wave
• 8.6 Superposition and Interference
• 8.7 Beats
• 8.8 Reflection
• 8.9 Standing Waves
• 8.10 Waves and Energy
• 8.11 Complex Waveforms
• 8.12 Summary
• 8.13 Problems
• 9 Sound and Hearing
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Sound Waves in Media
• 9.3 Pitch and Loudness
• 9.4 Resonance and Sound Generation
• 9.5 The Ear
• 9.6 The Doppler Effect
• 9.7 Summary
• 9.8 Problems
• II Solids and Fluids
• 10 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Tension and Compression
• 10.3 Shear Stress and Strain
• 10.4 Bulk Stress and Strain
• 10.5 Elasticity
• 10.6 Summary
• 10.7 Problems
• 11 Pressure
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 Pressure
• 11.3 Density
• 11.4 Pascal’s Principle
• 11.5 Measurement of Pressure
• 11.6 Pressure and the Human Body
• 11.7 Summary
• 11.8 Problems
• 12 Buoyancy
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 The Buoyant Force
• 12.3 Summary
• 12.4 Problems
• 13 Surface Tension and Capillarity
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Surface Tension
• 13.3 Capillarity
• 13.4 Surfactants and the Lung
• 13.5 Summary
• 13.6 Problems
• 14 Fluid Dynamics of Non-viscous Fluids
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Definitions of Some Key Terms
• 14.3 The Equation of Continuity
• 14.4 Bernoulli’s Equation
• 14.5 Summary
• 14.6 Problems
• 15 Fluid Dynamics of Viscous Fluids
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 Viscosity
• 15.3 Turbulence
• 15.4 Summary
• 15.5 Problems
• 16 Molecular Transport Phenomena
• 16.1 Introduction
• 16.2 Diffusion
• 16.3 Osmosis
• 16.4 Applications to Biological Systems
• 16.5 Summary
• 16.6 Problems
• III Thermodynamics
• 17 Temperature and the Zeroth Law
• 17.1 Introduction
• 17.2 Thermal Equilibrium
• 17.3 Measuring Temperature
• 17.4 Thermal Expansion of Materials
• 17.5 Summary
• 17.6 Problems
• 18 Ideal Gases
• 18.1 Introduction
• 18.2 The Gas Laws
• 18.3 Biological Applications
• 18.4 Kinetic Theory of Gases
• 18.5 Summary
• 18.6 Problems
• 19 Phase and Temperature Change
• 19.1 Introduction
• 19.2 Phase Changes
• 19.3 Temperature Changes
• 19.4 Energy Conservation
• 19.5 L and c Values for Water
• 19.6 Summary
• 19.7 Problems
• 20 Water Vapour and the Atmosphere
• 20.1 Introduction
• 20.2 Mixtures of Water Vapour and Air
• 20.3 Partial Pressure and Moisture Content
• 20.4 Atmospheric Properties
• 20.5 Psychrometry
• 20.6 Applications
• 20.7 Summary
• 20.8 Problems
• 21 Heat Transfer
• 21.1 Introduction
• 21.2 Conduction
• 21.3 Convection
• 21.4 Radiation
• 21.5 Combined Transfer Processes
• 21.6 Summary
• 21.7 Problems
• 22 Thermodynamics and the Body
• 22.1 Introduction
• 22.2 The First Law
• 22.3 Energy and the Body
• 22.4 Thermoregulation
• 22.5 Temperature and Health
• 22.6 Summary
• 22.7 Problems
• 23 Thermodynamic Processes in Ideal Gases
• 23.1 Introduction
• 23.2 States, Processes, and Equilibrium
• 23.3 Reversibility
• 23.4 Work and P–V Diagrams
• 23.5 Isobaric, Isochoric, Isothermal, and Adiabatic Processes
• 23.6 Summary
• 23.7 Problems
• 24 Heat Engines And Entropy
• 24.1 Introduction
• 24.2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
• 24.3 Entropy
• 24.4 Cyclic Processes and Heat Engines
• 24.5 The First Law for Reversible Processes
• 24.6 T –S Diagrams for Heat Engines
• 24.7 Entropy and Irreversible Processes
• 24.8 Absolute Entropy And The Third Law of Thermodynamics
• 24.9 Summary
• 24.10 Problems
• 25 Energy Availability and Thermodynamic Potentials
• 25.1 Introduction
• 25.2 Enthalpy
• 25.3 Helmholtz Energy
• 25.4 Gibbs Energy
• 25.5 Chemical Work and the Chemical Potential
• 25.6 Thermodynamic Potentials and Equilibrium
• 25.7 Heat Engines and the Efficiency of Metabolism
• 25.8 Summary
• 25.9 Problems
• IV Electricity and DC Circuits
• 26 Static Electricity
• 26.1 Introduction
• 26.2 Charge
• 26.3 Conductors and Insulators
• 26.4 Charging of Objects
• 26.5 Polarisation
• 26.6 Summary
• 26.7 Problems
• 27 Electric Force and Electric Field
• 27.1 Introduction
• 27.2 Coulomb’s Law
• 27.3 Superposition of Electric Forces
• 27.4 Inverse Square Laws
• 27.5 The Electric Field
• 27.6 Electric Field Diagrams
• 27.7 Superposition of Electric Fields
• 27.8 Summary
• 27.9 Problems
• 28 Electrical Potential and Energy
• 28.1 Introduction
• 28.2 Electrical Potential Energy
• 28.3 Electrical Potential
• 28.4 Electrical Potential and Work
• 28.5 Equipotential and Field Lines
• 28.6 Electrical and External Forces
• 28.7 The Heart and ECG
• 28.8 Summary
• 28.9 Problems
• 29 Capacitance
• 29.1 Introduction
• 29.2 The Capacitor
• 29.3 Energy Stored in a Capacitor
• 29.4 Capacitors in Series and Parallel
• 29.5 The Dielectric in a Capacitor
• 29.6 Summary
• 29.7 Problems
• 30 Direct Currents and DC Circuits
• 30.1 Introduction
• 30.2 Electric Current
• 30.3 Current and Drift Velocity
• 30.4 Direct Versus Alternating Current
• 30.5 Circuits and Circuit Diagrams
• 30.6 Power Sources
• 30.7 Resistance and Ohm’s Law
• 30.8 Resistors and Resistivity
• 30.9 Wires
• 30.10 Kirchhoff’s Laws
• 30.11 Resistors in Series and Parallel
• 30.12 Power Dissipation
• 30.13 Alternate Energy Units
• 30.14 Electric Shock Hazards
• 30.15 Electricity in Cells
• 30.16 Summary
• 30.17 Problems
• 31 Time Behaviour of RC Circuits
• 31.1 Introduction
• 31.2 The RC Circuit
• 31.3 Discharging RC Circuit
• 31.4 Charging RC Circuit
• 31.5 Summary
• 31.6 Problems
• V Optics
• 32 The Nature of Light
• 32.1 Introduction
• 32.2 Electromagnetic Waves
• 32.3 Reflection
• 32.4 Refraction
• 32.5 Dispersion
• 32.6 Summary
• 32.7 Problems
• 33 Geometric Optics
• 33.1 Introduction
• 33.2 Ray Diagrams
• 33.3 Plane Mirrors
• 33.4 Spherical Mirrors
• 33.5 Magnification
• 33.6 Lenses
• 33.7 Summary
• 33.8 Problems
• 34 The Eye and Vision
• 34.1 Introduction
• 34.2 The Parts of the Eye
• 34.3 Emmetropia (Normal Vision)
• 34.4 Presbyopia
• 34.5 Myopia
• 34.6 Hypermetropia (or Hyperopia)
• 34.7 Astigmatism
• 34.8 Alternative Structure and Placement
• 34.9 Colour Vision
• 34.10 Summary
• 34.11 Problems
• 35 Wave Optics
• 35.1 Introduction
• 35.2 Superposition and Interference
• 35.3 Huygens’ Principle
• 35.4 Diffraction
• 35.5 Young’s Double-Slit Experiment
• 35.6 Single-Slit Diffraction
• 35.7 Diffraction Gratings
• 35.8 Circular Apertures and Diffraction
• 35.9 Visual Acuity
• 35.10 Thin-Film Interference
• 35.11 Polarisation
• 35.12 Summary
• 35.13 Problems
• 36 Advanced Geometric Optics
• 36.1 Introduction
• 36.2 Image Formation by Reflection at a Spherical Surface
• 36.3 Image Formation by a Refraction at a Single Spherical Surface
• 36.4 Image Formation by a Thin Lens
• 36.5 Vergences
• 36.6 Multiple Lenses and Thick Lenses
• 36.7 Summary
• 36.8 Problems
• 37 Optical Instruments
• 37.1 Introduction
• 37.2 Single Converging Lens: The Magnifying Glass
• 37.3 Microscopes
• 37.4 Telescopes
• 37.5 Summary
• 37.6 Problems
• VI Radiation and Health
• 38 Atoms and Atomic Physics
• 38.1 Introduction
• 38.2 Parts of the Atom
• 38.3 Electron Orbitals
• 38.4 The Böhr Model of the Atom
• 38.5 Multielectron Atoms
• 38.6 Quantum Mechanics
• 38.7 Summary
• 38.8 Problems
• 39 The Nucleus and Nuclear Physics
• 39.1 Introduction
• 39.2 Nuclei and Isotopes
• 39.3 Energy and Mass Units
• 39.4 Nuclear Forces
• 39.5 Nuclear Decay and Stability
• 39.6 Summary
• 39.7 Problems
• 40 Production of Ionising Radiation
• 40.1 Introduction
• 40.2 Nuclear Decay Processes
• 40.3 Activity and Half-Life
• 40.4 X-ray Production
• 40.5 Other Sources of Radiation
• 40.6 Summary
• 40.7 Problems
• 41 Interactions of Ionising Radiation
• 41.1 Introduction
• 41.2 Attenuation and Cross Section
• 41.3 X-rays and Gamma Radiation
• 41.4 Particles
• 41.5 Detection of Ionising Radiation
• 41.6 Summary
• 41.7 Problems
• 42 Biological Effects of Ionising Radiation
• 42.1 Introduction
• 42.2 Mechanisms of Cell Damage
• 42.3 Dose and Dose Equivalent
• 42.4 Types of Effect
• 42.5 Medical Effects and Risk
• 42.6 Ultraviolet Radiation
• 42.7 Summary
• 42.8 Problems
• 43 Medical Imaging
• 43.1 Introduction
• 43.2 X-ray Imaging
• 43.3 CT Scan
• 43.4 PET scan
• 43.5 Gamma Camera and SPECT
• 43.6 Diagnostic Procedures: Dose
• 43.7 Ultrasound Sonography
• 43.8 Summary
• 44 Magnetism and MRI
• 44.1 Introduction
• 44.2 Magnetism
• 44.3 A Brief Outline of MRI
• 44.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
• 44.5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• 44.6 Summary
• 44.7 Problems
• A Physical Constants
• A.1 High Precision Mass Values
• A.2 Useful Constants
• B Basic Maths and Science Skills
• B.1 Measurement and Units
• B.2 Basic Algebra
• B.3 Exponentials and Logarithms
• B.4 Geometry
• B.5 Trigonometric Functions
• B.6 Vectors
• C Answers To Odd Numbered Problems
• Selected Further Reading
• Index
• End User License Agreement