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• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• Chapter 1 Communicative Disorders and Clinical Service
• Helping others to Help Themselves
• Communication Disorders
• The Professionals
• Audiologists
• Speech-Language Pathologists
• Speech, Language, and Hearing Scientists
• Professional Aides
• Related Professions: A Team Approach
• Service Through the Lifespan
• Evidence- Based Practice
• Communication Disorders in Historical Perspective
• Summary
• Sugested Readings
• Chapter 2 Communication: Means, Impairments, Intervention
• Human Communication
• The Social Animal
• Means of Communication
• Communication through the Lifespan
• Communication Impairments
• Language Disorders
• Speech Disorders
• Hearing Disorders
• Auditory Processing Disorders
• How Common Are Communication Disorders?
• Deciding Whether there Is a Problem
• Defining the Problem
• Assessment Goals
• Assessment Procedures
• Intervention with Communication Disorders
• Objectives of Intervention
• Target Selection
• Baseline Data
• Behavioral Objectives
• Clinical Elements
• Measuring Effectiveness
• Follow-up and Maintenance
• Summary
• Sugested Readings
• Chapter 3 The Biological Mechanism of Speech
• The Physiological Subsystems Suporting Speech
• The Respiratory System
• The Phonatory System
• The Vocal Folds
• The Articulatory/Resonating System
• The Speech Production Process
• Summary
• Sugested Readings
• Chapter 4 Language Impairments in Children
• Language Development through the Lifespan
• Pre-Language
• Toddler Language
• Preschool Language
• School-Age and Adolescent Language
• Associated Disorders and Related Causes
• Intellectual Disability
• Learning Disabilities
• Specific Language Impairment
• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
• Brain Injury
• Neglect and Abuse
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Drug-Exposed Children
• Other Language Impairments
• Conclusion
• Aspects of Language Affected
• Assessment
• Bilingual Children, English Language Learners, and Dialectal Speakers
• Referral and Screening
• Case History and Interview
• Observation
• Testing
• Sampling
• Intervention
• Target Selection and Sequence of Training
• Evidence-Based Intervention Principles
• Intervention Procedures
• Intervention through the Lifespan
• Summary
• Sugested Readings
• Chapter 5 Literacy Impairments: Assessment and Intervention
• Reading
• Phonological Awareness
• Morphological Awareness
• Comprehension
• Reading Development through the Lifespan
• Reading Problems through the Lifespan
• Assessment of Developmental Reading
• Intervention for Developmental Reading Impairment
• Writing
• Spelling
• Writing Development through the Lifespan
• Writing Problems through the Lifespan
• Assessment of Developmental Writing
• Intervention for Developmental Writing Impairment
• Summary
• Sugested Readings
• Chapter 6 Language Impairments in Adults
• Language Development through the Lifespan
• Use
• Content
• Form
• The Nervous System
• Central Nervous System
• Aphasia
• Concomitant or Accompanying Deficits
• Types of Aphasia
• Causes of Aphasia
• Lifespan Issues
• Assessment for Aphasia
• Intervention
• Evidence-Based Practice
• Conclusion
• Right Hemisphere Brain Damage
• Characteristics
• Assessment
• Intervention
• Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
• Characteristics
• Lifespan Issues
• Assessment
• Intervention
• Dementia
• Alzheimer’s Disease
• Summary
• Sugested Readings
• Chapter 7 Stuttered Speech
• Fluent Speech vs. Stuttering
• Normal Disfluencies
• Stuttered Disfluencies
• The Onset and Development of Stuttering through the Lifespan
• The Efects of Stuttering through the Lifespan
• Theories and Conceptualizations of Stuttering
• Organic Theory
• Behavioral Theory
• Psychological Theory
• Current Conceptual Models of Stuttering
• Therapeutic Techniques Used with Young Children
• The Evaluation of Stuttering
• Indirect and Direct Stuttering Intervention
• Therapeutic Techniques used with Older Children and Adults Who Stutter
• Fluency-Shaping Techniques
• Stuttering Modification Techniques
• Selecting Intervention Techniques
• The Efectiveness of Stuttering Intervention through the Lifespan
• Efficacy of Intervention with Preschool-Age Children
• Efficacy of Intervention with School-Age Children
• Efficacy of Intervention with Adolescents and Adults
• Summary
• Sugested Readings
• Chapter 8 Voice and Resonance Disorders
• Normal Voice and Resonance Production
• Vocal Pitch
• Vocal Loudness
• Resonance
• Voice Disorders
• Disorders of Vocal Pitch
• Disorders of Vocal Loudness
• Disorders of Vocal Quality
• Nonphonatory Vocal Disorders
• Voice Disorders Associated with Vocal Misuse or Abuse
• Voice Disorders Associated with Medical or Physical Conditions
• Voice Disorders Associated with Hypoadduction
• Voice Disorders Associated with Hyperadduction
• Other Conditions That Affect Voice Production
• Voice Disorders Associated with Psychological or Stress Conditions
• Resonance Disorders
• Evaluation and Management of Voice and Resonance Disorders
• The Voice Evaluation
• The Resonance Evaluation
• Intervention for Voice Disorders Associated with Vocal Misuse or Abuse
• Intervention for Voice Disorders Associated with Medical or Physical Conditions
• Intervention for Voice Disorders Associated with Psychological or Stress Conditions
• Elective Voice Intervention for Transgender/Transsexual Clients
• Treatment of Resonance Disorders
• Efficacy of Voice and Resonance Treatment
• Summary
• Sugested Readings
• Chapter 9 Disorders of Articulation and Phonology
• Understanding Speech Sounds
• Classification of Consonants by Place and Manner
• Classification of Vowels by Tongue and Lip Position and Tension
• Distinctive Feature Analysis
• Speech-Sound Development through the Lifespan
• Pre-Speech
• Toddler Speech
• Preschool Speech
• School-Age Speech
• Phonology and Articulation
• Associated Disorders and Related Causes
• Developmental Impairment in Children
• Language Impairments
• Hearing Impairments
• Neuromuscular Disorders
• Childhood Apraxia of Speech
• Structural Functional Abnormalities
• Language and Dialectal Var iations
• Characteristics of Articulation and Phonology
• Lifespan Issues
• Assessment
• Description of Phonological and Articulatory Status
• Prognostic Indicators
• Consistency
• Stimulability
• Intervention
• Target Selection
• Intervention Approaches
• Treatment of Neurologically Based Motor-Speech Disorders
• Generalization and Maintenance
• Summary
• Sugested Readings
• Chapter 10 Motor Speech Disorders
• Motor Speech Control
• Structures of the Brain Important for Motor Speech Function
• Motor Speech Production Process
• Cranial Nerves Important for Speech Production
• Motor Speech Disorders
• Dysarthria
• Apraxia of Speech
• Etiologies of Motor Speech Disorders
• Cerebral Palsy
• Evaluation of Motor Speech Disorders
• Treatment of Motor Speech Disorders
• Management of Dysarthria
• Management of Acquired Apraxia of Speech
• Summary
• Sugested Readings
• Chapter 11 Dysphagia
• Lifespan Perspectives
• The Swallowing Process
• Oral Preparation Phase
• Oral Phase
• Pharyngeal Phase
• Esophageal Phase
• Disordered Swallowing
• Oral Preparation/Oral Phase
• Pharyngeal Phase
• Esophageal Phase
• Pediatric Dysphagia
• Dysphagia in Adults
• Evaluation for Swallowing
• Screening for Dysphagia in Newborns and the Elderly
• Case History and Background Information Regarding Dysphagia
• Clinical Assessment
• Cognitive and Communicative Functioning
• Instrumentation
• Dysphagia Intervention and Treatment
• Feeding Environment
• Body and Head Positioning
• Modification of Foods and Beverages
• Behavioral Swallowing Treatments
• Medical and Pharmacological Approaches
• Prognoses and Outcomes for Swallowing Disorders
• Summary
• Sugested Readings
• Chapter 12 Audiology and Hearing Loss
• Incidence and Prevalence of Hearing Loss
• Classification of Impairment, Disability, and Handicap
• Deafness, the Deaf Community, and Deaf Culture
• What Is Audiology?
• Educational Requirements and Employment for Audiologists
• Fundamentals of Sound
• Anatomy and Physiology of the Auditory System
• The Outer Ear
• The Middle Ear
• The Inner Ear
• The Central Auditory System
• Types of Hearing Loss and Auditory Disorders
• Conductive Hearing Loss
• Sensorineural Hearing Loss
• Mixed Hearing Loss
• (Central) Auditory Processing Disorders
• Hearing Loss through the Lifespan
• Audiological Assessment Procedures
• Referral and Case History
• Otoscopic Examination
• Electroacoustic and Electrophysiological Testing
• Behavioral Testing
• Aural (Audiological) Habilitation/Rehabilitation
• Counseling
• Amplification
• Hearing Assistive Technology/Assistive Listening Devices
• Auditory Training and Auditory Communication Modality
• Visual Communication Modality
• Treatment and Management of (Central) Auditory Processing Disorders
• Summary
• Sugested Readings
• Chapter 13 Using Augmentative and Alternative Communication
• James Feeney, Ph.D. Who Uses AAC?
• Types of AAC
• Unaided AAC: Gestures and Vocalizations
• Unaided AAC: Manual Sign Systems
• Aided AAC
• Aided Symbols: Tangible Symbols
• Aided Symbols: Pictorial Symbols
• Aided Symbols: Orthography and Orthographic Symbols
• Combinations of Aided and Unaided Systems
• Access
• Output
• Assessment Considerations
• Specific Assessment Considerations
• AAC System Selection or Feature Matching
• AAC Symbol Selection
• AAC Vocabulary Selection
• Intervention Considerations
• Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in AAC
• Summary
• Sugested Readings
• Appendix Professional Organizations
• Glossary
• References
• Name Index
• Subject Index