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• Introduction to the Pharmaceutical Sciences: An Integrated Approach, Second Edition
• Copyright
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Contents
• Additional Resources
• Chapter 1: Introduction
• What Is a Drug?
• How Do Drugs Work?
• How Are Drugs Designed?
• How Are Drugs Administered?
• How Are Drugs Transported in the Body?
• How Are Drugs Used Clinically in Patients?
• How Do Genetic Factors Affect Drug Therapy?
• How Are New Drugs Developed and Approved for Marketing?
• Concluding Remarks
• Part I: Drug Chemistry
• Chapter 2: Drugs and Their Targets
• Targets and Biological Activity
• Binding to the Target
• Physicochemical Properties of Drugs
• Structure–Activity Relationships
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Practice Problems
• Additional Readings
• Chapter 3: Ionization of Drugs
• Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes
• Importance of Ionization of Weak Electrolytes
• Water as a Solvent
• Strong Acids and Bases
• Weak Acids and Bases
• Salts of Weak Acids and Bases
• Ionization and pH
• Ionization in Unbuffered Solutions
• Compounds with Multiple Ionizable Groups
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Practice Problems
• Additional Readings
• Chapter 4: Solubility and Lipophilicity
• Solubility Principles
• The Solvent
• Water Solubility
• Lipophilicity
• Amphiphilicity
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Practice Problems
• Additional Readings
• Part II: Drug Delivery
• Chapter 5: Transport Across Biological Barriers
• Transport Across the Cell Membrane
• Transport Across a Tissue
• Multiple Transport Pathways
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Additional Readings
• Chapter 6: Drug Absorption
• Systemic Administration
• Systemic Absorption of Macromolecular Drugs
• Local Administration
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Additional Readings
• Chapter 7: Drug Delivery Systems
• Dosage Forms
• Drug Release and Dissolution
• Approaches to Drug Delivery
• Drug Stability
• Delivery of Macromolecular Drugs
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Additional Readings
• Part III: Drug Disposition
• Chapter 8: Drug Distribution
• The Circulatory System
• Drug Distribution Processes
• Volume of Distribution
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Practice Problems
• Additional Readings
• Chapter 9: Drug Excretion
• Excretion by the Kidneys
• Excretion by the Liver
• Excretion by Other Organs
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Practice Problems
• Additional Readings
• Chapter 10: Drug Metabolism
• Excretion or Metabolism?
• Drugs, Metabolites, and Enzymes
• Kinetics of Drug Metabolism
• Types of Drug Metabolism Reactions
• Sites of Metabolism
• Total Body Clearance
• Factors Altering Drug Metabolism
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Practice Problems
• Additional Readings
• Chapter 11: Pharmacokinetic Concepts
• Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
• Drug Concentrations in Body Fluids
• Plasma Level Curves
• Pharmacokinetic Features of a Plasma Level Curve
• Relationship Between Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacological Features of a Plasma Level Curve
• Multiple Dosing
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Practice Problems
• Additional Readings
• Part IV: Drug Action
• Chapter 12: Ligands and Receptors
• The Signaling Process
• Endogenous Ligands
• Specificity of Actions
• Receptors
• Receptor Structure and Classification
• Modulation of Ligand–Receptor Interactions
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Additional Readings
• Chapter 13: Mechanisms of Drug Action
• Theory of Drug Action
• Quantitation of Drug–Receptor Interactions
• Mechanisms of Antagonism
• Stereoselectivity in Drug Action
• Interaction of Drugs with Enzymes
• Nonreceptor-Based Drug Action
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Additional Readings
• Chapter 14: Dose–Response Relationships
• Concentration–Response Relationships
• Dose–Response Relationships
• Dose-Related Selectivity and Toxicity
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Additional Readings
• Part V: Drug Therapy
• Chapter 15: Therapeutic Variability
• Types of Therapeutic Variability
• Drug Compliance
• Individualization of Therapy
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Additional Readings
• Chapter 16: Drug Interactions
• Drug–Drug Interactions
• Food–Drug Interactions
• Drug–Herbal Interactions
• Dealing with Interactions
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Additional Readings
• Chapter 17: Pharmacogenomics
• Review of Genetics
• Genetic Variation and Disease
• Genetic Variation and Response to Drugs
• Clinical Applications of Pharmacogenomics
• Proteomics
• Promise of Pharmacogenomics
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Additional Readings
• Part VI: Special Topics
• Chapter 18: Biopharmaceutical Drugs
• Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
• Advantages of the Biopharmaceutical Approach
• Types of Biopharmaceutical Drugs
• Formulation of Biopharmaceutical Drugs
• Stability of Biopharmaceutical Products
• ADME of Biopharmaceutical Drugs
• Pharmacological Considerations of Biopharmaceutical Drugs
• Opportunities and Limitations of Biopharmaceuticals
• Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutics
• Gene Therapy
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Additional Readings
• Chapter 19: Drug Discovery and Approval
• The FDA
• New Drug Development
• Generic Drug Development and Approval
• Pharmacogenomics in Drug Development
• Over-the-Counter Drugs
• Key Concepts
• Review Questions
• Additional Readings
• Index