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• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Features of the Eleventh Edition
• Contents
• About the Authors
• Acknowledgments
• Thank You
• Preface
• Unit 1: The Nature of Nursing
• Chapter 1: Historical and Contemporary Nursing Practice
• Introduction
• Historical Perspectives
• Women’s Roles
• Men’s Roles
• Religion
• War
• Societal Attitudes
• Nursing Leaders
• Nursing Education
• Types of Education Programs
• Nursing Theories
• Continuing Education
• Contemporary Nursing Practice
• Definitions of Nursing
• Recipients of Nursing
• Scope of Nursing
• Settings for Nursing
• Nurse Practice Acts
• Standards of Nursing Practice
• Roles and Functions of the Nurse
• Caregiver
• Communicator
• Teacher
• Client Advocate
• Counselor
• Change Agent
• Leader
• Manager
• Case Manager
• Research Consumer
• Expanded Career Roles
• Criteria of a Profession
• Specialized Education
• Body of Knowledge
• Service Orientation
• Ongoing Research
• Code of Ethics
• Autonomy
• Professional Organization
• Professional Identity Formation
• Factors Influencing Contemporary Nursing Practice
• Nursing Workforce Issues and Challenges
• Healthcare System Reform
• Quality and Safety in Healthcare
• Consumer Demands
• Family Structure
• Science and Technology
• Internet, Telehealth, and Telenursing
• Legislation
• Collective Bargaining
• Nursing Associations
• Nursing Organizations
• Chapter 2: Evidence-Based Practice and Research in Nursing
• Introduction
• Evidence-Based Practice
• Nursing Research
• Approaches to Nursing Research
• Overview of the Research Process
• Research-Related Roles and Responsibilities for Nurses
• Chapter 3: Legal Aspects of Nursing
• Introduction
• General Legal Concepts
• Functions of the Law in Nursing
• Sources of Law
• Types of Laws
• Kinds of Legal Actions
• The Civil Judicial Process
• Nurses as Witnesses
• Regulation of Nursing Practice
• Nurse Practice Acts
• Credentialing
• Standards of Care
• Contractual Arrangements in Nursing
• Legal Roles of Nurses
• Collective Bargaining
• Selected Legal Aspects of Nursing Practice
• Informed Consent
• Delegation
• Violence, Abuse, and Neglect
• Discrimination
• Controlled Substances
• Substance Use Disorder in Nursing
• Sexual Harassment
• Abortions
• Death and Related Issues
• Areas of Potential Liability in Nursing
• Crimes and Torts
• Privacy of Clients’ Health Information
• Social Media
• Loss of Client Property
• Unprofessional Conduct
• Legal Protections in Nursing Practice
• Good Samaritan Acts
• Professional Liability Insurance
• Carrying Out a Physician’s Orders
• Providing Competent Nursing Care
• Documentation
• The Incident Report
• Reporting Crimes, Torts, and Unsafe Practices
• Legal Responsibilities of Students
• Chapter 4: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy
• Introduction
• Values
• Values Transmission
• Values Clarification
• Ethics and Morality
• Moral Development
• Moral Frameworks
• Moral Principles
• Nursing Ethics
• Nursing Codes of Ethics
• Origins of Ethical Problems in Nursing
• Making Ethical Decisions
• Strategies to Enhance Ethical Decisions and Practice
• Specific Ethical Issues
• AIDS
• Abortion
• Organ and Tissue Transplantation
• End-of-Life Issues
• Allocation of Scarce Health Resources
• Management of Personal Health Information
• Advocacy
• The Advocate’s Role
• Unit 2: Contemporary Healthcare
• Chapter 5: Healthcare Delivery Systems
• Introduction
• Types of Healthcare Services
• Primary Prevention: Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
• Secondary Prevention: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Tertiary Prevention: Rehabilitation, Health Restoration, and Palliative Care
• Types of Healthcare Agencies and Services
• Public Health
• Physicians’ Offices
• Ambulatory Care Centers
• Occupational Health Clinics
• Hospitals
• Subacute Care Facilities
• Extended (Long-Term) Care Facilities
• Retirement and Assisted Living Centers
• Rehabilitation Centers
• Home Healthcare Agencies
• Day Care Centers
• Rural Care
• Hospice Services
• Crisis Centers
• Mutual Support and Self-Help Groups
• Providers of Healthcare
• Nurse
• Alternative (Complementary) Care Provider
• Assistive Personnel
• Case Manager
• Dentist
• Dietitian or Nutritionist
• Emergency Medical Personnel
• Occupational Therapist
• Paramedical Technologist
• Pharmacist
• Physical Therapist
• Physician
• Physician Assistant
• Podiatrist
• Respiratory Therapist
• Social Worker
• Spiritual Support Personnel
• Factors Affecting Healthcare Delivery
• Increasing Number of Older Adults
• Advances in Technology
• Economics
• Women’s Health
• Uneven Distribution of Services
• Access to Health Insurance
• The Homeless and the Poor
• Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
• Demographic Changes
• Frameworks for Care
• Managed Care
• Case Management
• Differentiated Practice
• Case Method
• Functional Method
• Team Nursing
• Primary Nursing
• Financing Healthcare
• Payment Sources in the United States
• Insurance Plans
• Chapter 6: Community Nursing and Care Continuity
• Introduction
• The Movement of Healthcare to the Community
• Primary Healthcare and Primary Care
• Community-Based Healthcare
• Community Health
• Community-Based Frameworks
• Community-Based Settings
• Community-Based Nursing
• Competencies Required for Community-Based Care
• Collaborative Healthcare
• Continuity of Care
• Care Across the Lifespan
• Discharge Planning
• Preparing Clients to Go Home
• Medication Reconciliation
• Home Healthcare Teaching
• Referrals
• Chapter 7: Home Health Nursing Care
• Introduction
• Home Health Nursing Care
• Unique Aspects of Home Health Nursing Care
• The Home Healthcare System
• Referral Process
• Home Healthcare Agencies
• Private Duty Agencies
• Durable Medical Equipment Companies
• Reimbursement
• Roles of the Home Healthcare Nurse
• Advocate
• Caregiver
• Educator
• Case Manager or Coordinator
• Perspectives of Home Healthcare Clients
• Selected Dimensions of Home Healthcare Nursing
• Client Safety
• Home Healthcare Nurse Safety
• Infection Prevention
• Caregiver Support
• The Practice of Home Health Nursing Care
• Establishing Health Issues
• Planning and Delivering Care
• Resources for Home Healthcare Nursing
• The Future of Home Healthcare
• Chapter 8: Electronic Health Records and Information Technology
• Introduction
• General Concepts
• Computer Systems
• Management Information Systems
• Hospital Information Systems
• Technology in Nursing Education
• Teaching and Learning
• Testing
• Student and Course Record Management
• Technology in Nursing Practice
• Documentation of Client Status and Medical Record Keeping
• Electronic Access to Client Data
• Practice Management
• Specific Applications of Computers in Nursing Practice
• Technology in Nursing Administration
• Human Resources
• Medical Records Management
• Facilities Management
• Budget and Finance
• Quality Improvement and Utilization Review
• Accreditation
• Data Mining
• Technology in Nursing Research
• Problem Identification
• Literature Review
• Research Design
• Data Collection and Analysis
• Research Dissemination
• Research Grants
• Unit 3: The Nursing Process
• Chapter 9: Critical Thinking and Clinical Reasoning
• Introduction
• Purpose of Critical Thinking
• Techniques of Critical Thinking
• Applying Critical Thinking to Nursing Practice
• Problem-Solving
• Attitudes That Foster Critical Thinking
• Independence
• Fair-Mindedness
• Insight into Egocentricity
• Intellectual Humility
• Intellectual Courage to Challenge the Status Quo and Rituals
• Integrity
• Perseverance
• Confidence
• Curiosity
• Components of Clinical Reasoning
• Setting Priorities
• Developing Rationales
• Learning How to Act
• Clinical Reasoning-in-Transition
• Responding to Changes in the Client’s Condition
• Reflection
• Integration of Critical Thinking and Clinical Reasoning
• Concept Mapping
• Concept Mapping and Enhancing Critical Thinking and Clinical Reasoning
• Chapter 10: Assessing
• Introduction
• Overview of the Nursing Process
• Phases of the Nursing Process
• Characteristics of the Nursing Process
• Assessing
• Collecting Data
• Types of Data
• Sources of Data
• Data Collection Methods
• Organizing Data
• Conceptual Models and Frameworks
• Wellness Models
• Nonnursing Models
• Validating Data
• Documenting Data
• Chapter 11: Diagnosing
• Introduction
• Nursing Diagnoses
• Definitions
• Status of the Nursing Diagnoses
• Components of a Nursing Diagnosis
• Differentiating Nursing Diagnoses from Medical Diagnoses
• Differentiating Nursing Diagnoses from Collaborative Problems
• The Diagnostic Process
• Analyzing Data
• Identifying Health Problems, Risks, and Strengths
• Formulating Diagnostic Statements
• Avoiding Errors in Diagnostic Reasoning
• Chapter 12: Planning
• Introduction
• Types of Planning
• Initial Planning
• Ongoing Planning
• Discharge Planning
• Developing Nursing Care Plans
• Standardized Approaches to Care Planning
• Formats for Nursing Care Plans
• Multidisciplinary (Collaborative) Care Plans
• Guidelines for Writing Nursing Care Plans
• The Planning Process
• Setting Priorities
• Establishing Client Goals or Desired Outcomes
• Selecting Nursing Interventions and Activities
• Writing Individualized Nursing Interventions
• Delegating Implementation
• The Nursing Interventions Classification
• Chapter 13: Implementing and Evaluating
• Introduction
• Implementing
• Relationship of Implementing to Other Nursing Process Phases
• Implementing Skills
• Process of Implementing
• Evaluating
• Relationship of Evaluating to Other Nursing Process Phases
• Process of Evaluating Client Responses
• Evaluating the Quality of Nursing Care
• Chapter 14: Documenting and Reporting
• Introduction
• Ethical and Legal Considerations
• Ensuring Confidentiality of Computer Records
• Purposes of Client Records
• Communication
• Planning Client Care
• Auditing Health Agencies
• Research
• Education
• Reimbursement
• Legal Documentation
• Healthcare Analysis
• Documentation Systems
• Source-Oriented Record
• Problem-Oriented Medical Record
• PIE
• Focus Charting
• Charting by Exception
• Computerized Documentation
• Case Management
• Documenting Nursing Activities
• Admission Nursing Assessment
• Nursing Care Plans
• Kardexes
• Flow Sheets
• Progress Notes
• Nursing Discharge and Referral Summaries
• Long-Term Care Documentation
• Home Care Documentation
• General Guidelines for Recording
• Date and Time
• Timing
• Legibility
• Permanence
• Accepted Terminology
• Correct Spelling
• Signature
• Accuracy
• Sequence
• Appropriateness
• Completeness
• Conciseness
• Legal Prudence
• Reporting
• Change-of-Shift Reports
• Telephone Reports
• Telephone and Verbal Orders
• Care Plan Conference
• Nursing Rounds
• Unit 4: Integral Aspects of Nursing
• Chapter 15: Caring
• Introduction
• Professionalization of Caring
• Caring as “Helping the Other Grow”
• Types of Knowledge in Nursing
• Empirical Knowing: The Science of Nursing
• Personal Knowing: The Therapeutic Use of Self
• Ethical Knowing: The Moral Component
• Aesthetic Knowing: The Art of Nursing
• Developing Ways of Knowing
• Nursing Theories of Caring
• Caring, the Human Mode of Being (Roach)
• Theory of Human Care (Watson)
• Theory of Caring (Swanson)
• Caring Encounters
• Knowing the Client
• Nursing Presence
• Empowering the Client
• Compassion
• Competence
• Maintaining Caring Practice
• Caring for Self
• Reflection on Practice
• Chapter 16: Communicating
• Introduction
• Communicating
• The Communication Process
• Modes of Communication
• Factors Influencing the Communication Process
• Therapeutic Communication
• Barriers to Communication
• The Helping Relationship
• Phases of the Helping Relationship
• Developing Helping Relationships
• Communication and the Nursing Process
• Communication Among Health Professionals
• Disruptive Behaviors
• Responding to Disruptive Behaviors
• Nurse and Physician Communication
• Chapter 17: Teaching
• Introduction
• Teaching
• Teaching Clients and Their Families
• Teaching in the Community
• Teaching Health Personnel
• Learning
• Learning Domains
• Learning Theories
• Factors Affecting Learning
• Technology and Health Information
• Online Health Information
• Older Adults and Use of the Internet
• Implications
• Nurse as Educator
• Chapter 18: Leading, Managing, and Delegating
• Introduction
• The Nurse as Leader and Manager
• Leadership
• Leadership Theory
• Effective Leadership
• Management
• Levels of Management
• Management Functions
• Principles of Management
• Skills and Competencies of Nurse Managers
• The Nurse as Delegator
• Unit 5: Health Beliefs and Practices
• Chapter 19: Health Promotion
• Introduction
• Individual Health
• Concept of Individuality
• Concept of Holism
• Concept of Homeostasis
• Assessing the Health of Individuals
• Applying Theoretical Frameworks
• Needs Theories
• Developmental Stage Theories
• Healthy People 2020
• Healthy People 2030
• Defining Health Promotion
• Sites for Health Promotion Activities
• Health Promotion Model
• Individual Characteristics and Experiences
• Behavior-Specific Cognitions and Affect
• Commitment to a Plan of Action
• Immediate Competing Demands and Preferences
• Behavioral Outcome
• Stages of Health Behavior Change
• Precontemplation Stage
• Contemplation Stage
• Preparation Stage
• Action Stage
• Maintenance Stage
• Termination Stage
• The Nurse’s Role in Health Promotion
• The Nursing Process and Health Promotion
• Chapter 20: Health, Wellness, and Illness
• Introduction
• Concepts of Health, Wellness, and Well-Being
• Health
• Wellness and Well-Being
• Models of Health and Wellness
• Clinical Model
• Role Performance Model
• Adaptive Model
• Eudaimonistic Model
• Agent–Host–Environment Model
• Health–Illness Scales
• Variables Influencing Health Status, Beliefs, and Behaviors
• Internal Variables
• External Variables
• Health Belief Models
• Health Locus of Control Model
• Rosenstock and Becker’s Health Belief Model
• Healthcare Adherence
• Illness and Disease
• Illness Behaviors
• Effects of Illness
• Chapter 21: Culturally Responsive Nursing Care
• Introduction
• Cultural Concepts
• Health Disparities
• Demographics
• Immigration
• Cultural Models of Nursing Care
• American Association of Colleges of Nursing Competencies
• Cultural Competence
• HEALTH Traditions Model
• Providing Culturally Responsive Care
• Health Beliefs and Practices
• Family Patterns
• Communication Style
• Space Orientation
• Time Orientation
• Nutritional Patterns
• Chapter 22: Complementary and Alternative Healing Modalities
• Introduction
• Basic Concepts
• Holism
• Humanism
• Balance
• Spirituality
• Energy
• Healing Environments
• Healing Modalities
• Systematized Healthcare Practices
• Botanical Healing
• Nutritional Therapy
• Manual Healing Methods
• Mind–Body Therapies
• Spiritual Therapy
• Miscellaneous Therapies
• Unit 6: Lifespan Development
• Chapter 23: Concepts of Growth and Development
• Introduction
• Factors Influencing Growth and Development
• Genetics
• Temperament
• Family
• Nutrition
• Environment
• Health
• Culture
• Stages of Growth and Development
• Growth and Development Theories
• Biophysical Theory
• Psychosocial Theories
• Temperament Theories
• Attachment Theory
• Cognitive Theory
• Behaviorist Theory
• Social Learning Theories
• Ecologic Systems Theory
• Theories of Moral Development
• Theories of Spiritual Development
• Applying Growth and Development Concepts to Nursing Practice
• Chapter 24: Promoting Health from Conception Through Adolescence
• Introduction
• Conception and Prenatal Development
• Health Promotion
• Neonates and Infants (Birth to 1 Year)
• Physical Development
• Psychosocial Development
• Cognitive Development
• Moral Development
• Health Risks
• Health Assessment and Promotion
• Toddlers (1 to 3 Years)
• Physical Development
• Psychosocial Development
• Cognitive Development
• Moral Development
• Spiritual Development
• Health Risks
• Health Assessment and Promotion
• Preschoolers (4 and 5 Years)
• Physical Development
• Psychosocial Development
• Cognitive Development
• Moral Development
• Spiritual Development
• Health Risks
• Health Assessment and Promotion
• School-Age Children (6 to 12 Years)
• Physical Development
• Psychosocial Development
• Cognitive Development
• Moral Development
• Spiritual Development
• Health Risks
• Health Assessment and Promotion
• Adolescents (12 to 18 Years)
• Physical Development
• Psychosocial Development
• Cognitive Development
• Moral Development
• Spiritual Development
• Health Risks
• Health Assessment and Promotion
• Chapter 25: Promoting Health in Young and Middle-Aged Adults
• Introduction
• Young Adults (20 to 40 Years)
• Physical Development
• Psychosocial Development
• Cognitive Development
• Moral Development
• Spiritual Development
• Health Risks
• Health Assessment and Promotion
• Middle-Aged Adults (40 to 65 Years)
• Physical Development
• Psychosocial Development
• Cognitive Development
• Moral Development
• Spiritual Development
• Health Risks
• Health Assessment and Promotion
• Chapter 26: Promoting Health in Older Adults
• Introduction
• Characteristics of Older Adults in the United States
• Demographics
• Socioeconomic
• Ethnicity
• Health
• Attitudes Toward Aging
• Ageism
• Myths and Stereotypes
• Gerontological Nursing
• Development
• Roles
• Care Settings for Older Adults
• Acute Care Facilities
• Long-Term Care Facilities
• Hospice
• Rehabilitation
• Community
• Physiologic Aging
• Integumentary
• Neuromuscular
• Sensory-Perceptual
• Pulmonary
• Cardiovascular
• Gastrointestinal
• Urinary
• Genitals
• Psychosocial Aging
• Retirement
• Economic Change
• Grandparenting
• Relocation
• Maintaining Independence and Self-Esteem
• Facing Death and Grieving
• Cognitive Abilities and Aging
• Perception
• Cognitive Agility
• Memory
• Learning
• Moral Reasoning
• Spirituality and Aging
• Health Problems
• Injuries
• Chronic Disabling Illness
• Drug Abuse and Misuse
• Alcoholism
• Dementia
• Mistreatment of Older Adults
• Health Assessment and Promotion
• Chapter 27: Promoting Family Health
• Introduction
• Family Health
• Functions of the Family
• Types of Families in Today’s Society
• Applying Theoretical Frameworks to Families
• Systems Theory
• Structural–Functional Theory
• Unit 7: Assessing Health
• Chapter 28: Vital Signs
• Introduction
• Body Temperature
• Regulation of Body Temperature
• Factors Affecting Body Temperature
• Alterations in Body Temperature
• Assessing Body Temperature
• Skill 28.1 Assessing Body Temperature
• Pulse
• Factors Affecting the Pulse
• Pulse Sites
• Assessing the Pulse
• Skill 28.2 Assessing a Peripheral Pulse
• Apical Pulse Assessment
• Skill 28.3 Assessing an Apical Pulse
• Skill 28.4 Assessing an Apical-Radial Pulse
• Respirations
• Mechanics and Regulation of Breathing
• Assessing Respirations
• Factors Affecting Respirations
• Skill 28.5 Assessing Respirations
• Blood Pressure
• Determinants of Blood Pressure
• Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
• Hypertension
• Hypotension
• Assessing Blood Pressure
• Common Errors in Assessing Blood Pressure
• Skill 28.6 Assessing Blood Pressure
• Oxygen Saturation
• Factors Affecting Oxygen Saturation Readings
• Skill 28.7 Assessing Oxygen Saturation
• Chapter 29: Health Assessment
• Introduction
• Physical Health Assessment
• Preparing the Client
• Preparing the Environment
• Positioning
• Draping
• Instrumentation
• Methods of Examining
• General Survey
• Appearance and Mental Status
• Skill 29.1 Assessing Appearance and Mental Status
• Vital Signs
• Height and Weight
• Integument
• Skin
• Skill 29.2 Assessing the Skin
• Hair
• Skill 29.3 Assessing the Hair
• Nails
• Skill 29.4 Assessing the Nails
• Head
• Skull and Face
• Skill 29.5 Assessing the Skull and Face
• Eyes and Vision
• Skill 29.6 Assessing the Eye Structures and Visual Acuity
• Ears and Hearing
• Skill 29.7 Assessing the Ears and Hearing
• Nose and Sinuses
• Skill 29.8 Assessing the Nose and Sinuses
• Mouth and Oropharynx
• Skill 29.9 Assessing the Mouth and Oropharynx
• Neck
• Thorax and Lungs
• Chest Landmarks
• Skill 29.10 Assessing the Neck
• Chest Shape and Size
• Breath Sounds
• Skill 29.11 Assessing the Thorax and Lungs
• Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Systems
• Heart
• Central Vessels
• Skill 29.12 Assessing the Heart and Central Vessels
• Peripheral Vascular System
• Skill 29.13 Assessing the Peripheral Vascular System
• Breasts and Axillae
• Skill 29.14 Assessing the Breasts and Axillae
• Abdomen
• Skill 29.15 Assessing the Abdomen
• Musculoskeletal System
• Skill 29.16 Assessing the Musculoskeletal System
• Neurologic System
• Mental Status
• Level of Consciousness
• Cranial Nerves
• Reflexes
• Motor Function
• Sensory Function
• Skill 29.17 Assessing the Neurologic System
• Female Genitals and Inguinal Area
• Skill 29.18 Assessing the Female Genitals and Inguinal Area
• Male Genitals and Inguinal Area
• Skill 29.19 Assessing the Male Genitals and Inguinal Area
• Anus
• Skill 29.20 Assessing the Anus
• Chapter 30: Pain Assessment and Management
• Introduction
• The Nature of Pain
• Types of Pain
• Concepts Associated with Pain
• Physiology of Pain
• Nociception
• Pain Management Models and Theories
• Responses to Pain
• Factors Affecting the Pain Experience
• Ethnic and Cultural Values
• Developmental Stage
• Environment and Support People
• Previous Pain Experiences
• Meaning of Pain
• Emotional Responses to Pain
• Skill 30.1 Providing a Back Massage
• Unit 8: Integral Components of Client Care
• Chapter 31: Asepsis and Infection Prevention
• Introduction
• Types of Infections
• Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections
• Chain of Infection
• Etiologic Agent
• Reservoir
• Portal of Exit from Reservoir
• Method of Transmission
• Portal of Entry to the Susceptible Host
• Susceptible Host
• Body Defenses Against Infection
• Nonspecific Defenses
• Specific Defenses
• Factors Increasing Susceptibility to Infection
• Nursing Management
• Skill 31.1 Performing Hand Washing
• Skill 31.2 Applying and Removing Personal Protective Equipment (Gloves, Gown, Mask, Eyewear)
• Skill 31.3 Establishing and Maintaining a Sterile Field
• Skill 31.4 Applying and Removing Sterile Gloves (Open Method)
• Evaluating
• Chapter 32: Safety
• Introduction
• Factors Affecting Safety
• Age and Development
• Lifestyle
• Mobility and Health Status
• Sensory–Perceptual Alterations
• Cognitive Awareness
• Emotional State
• Ability to Communicate
• Safety Awareness
• Environmental Factors
• Nursing Management
• Skill 32.1 Using a Bed or Chair Exit Safety Monitoring Device
• Skill 32.2 Implementing Seizure Precautions
• Skill 32.3 Applying Restraints
• Chapter 33: Hygiene
• Introduction
• Hygienic Care
• Skin
• Nursing Management
• Skill 33.1 Bathing an Adult Client
• Skill 33.2 Providing Perineal-Genital Care
• Feet
• Developmental Variations
• Nursing Management
• Skill 33.3 Providing Foot Care
• Nails
• Nursing Management
• Mouth
• Developmental Variations
• Nursing Management
• Skill 33.4 Brushing and Flossing the Teeth
• Skill 33.5 Providing Special Oral Care for the Unconscious or Debilitated Client
• Hair
• Developmental Variations
• Nursing Management
• Skill 33.6 Providing Hair Care
• Eyes
• Nursing Management
• Ears
• Cleaning the Ears
• Care of Hearing Aids
• Skill 33.7 Removing, Cleaning, and Inserting a Hearing Aid
• Nose
• Supporting a Hygienic Environment
• Environment
• Hospital Beds
• Mattresses
• Side Rails
• Footboard or Footboot
• Intravenous Rods
• Making Beds
• Unoccupied Bed
• Skill 33.8 Changing an Unoccupied Bed
• Changing an Occupied Bed
• Skill 33.9 Changing an Occupied Bed
• Chapter 34: Diagnostic Testing
• Introduction
• Diagnostic Testing Phases
• Pretest
• Intratest
• Postest
• Nursing Diagnoses
• Blood Tests
• Complete Blood Count
• Serum Electrolytes
• Serum Osmolality
• Drug Monitoring
• Arterial Blood Gases
• Blood Chemistry
• Metabolic Screening
• Capillary Blood Glucose
• Skill 34.1 Obtaining a Capillary Blood Specimen to Measure Blood Glucose
• Specimen Collection and Testing
• Stool Specimens
• Urine Specimens
• Skill 34.2 Collecting a Urine Specimen for Culture and Sensitivity by Clean Catch
• Sputum Specimens
• Throat Culture
• Visualization Procedures
• Clients with Gastrointestinal Alterations
• Clients with Urinary Alterations
• Clients with Cardiopulmonary Alterations
• Computed Tomography
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Nuclear Imaging Studies
• Aspiration and Biopsy
• Lumbar Puncture
• Abdominal Paracentesis
• Thoracentesis
• Bone Marrow Biopsy
• Liver Biopsy
• Chapter 35: Medication Administration
• Introduction
• Drug Standards
• Legal Aspects of Drug Administration
• Effects of Drugs
• Drug Misuse
• Actions of Drugs on the Body
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Factors Affecting Medication Action
• Developmental Factors
• Gender
• Genetic and Cultural Factors
• Diet
• Environment
• Psychologic Factors
• Illness and Disease
• Time of Administration
• Medication Orders
• Types of Medication Orders
• Essential Parts of a Medication Order
• Communicating a Medication Order
• Systems of Measurement
• Metric System
• Household System
• Converting Units of Weight and Measure
• Methods of Calculating Dosages
• Routes of Administration
• Oral
• Sublingual
• Buccal
• Parenteral
• Topical
• Routes for Opioid Delivery
• Oral
• Transnasal
• Transdermal
• Transmucosal
• Rectal
• Subcutaneous
• Intramuscular
• Intravenous
• Intraspinal
• Continuous Local Anesthetics
• Administering Medications Safely
• Medication Administration Errors
• Medication Reconciliation
• Medication Dispensing Systems
• Process of Administering Medications
• Developmental Considerations
• Oral Medications
• Skill 35.1 Administering Oral Medications
• Nasogastric and Gastrostomy Medications
• Parenteral Medications
• Equipment
• Preparing Injectable Medications
• Skill 35.2 Preparing Medications from Ampules
• Skill 35.3 Preparing Medications from Vials
• Skill 35.4 Mixing Medications Using One Syringe
• Intradermal Injections
• Skill 35.5 Administering an Intradermal Injection for Skin Tests
• Subcutaneous Injections
• Skill 35.6 Administering a Subcutaneous Injection
• Intramuscular Injections
• Skill 35.7 Administering an Intramuscular Injection
• Intravenous Medications
• Skill 35.8 Administering Intravenous Medications Using IV Push
• Topical Medications
• Skill 35.9 Administering Ophthalmic Instillations
• Skill 35.10 Administering Otic Instillations
• Skill 35.11 Administering Vaginal Instillations
• Inhaled Medications
• Irrigations
• Chapter 36: Skin Integrity and Wound Care
• Introduction
• Skin Integrity
• Types of Wounds
• Pressure Injuries
• Etiology of Pressure Injuries
• Risk Factors
• Stages of Pressure Injuries
• Risk Assessment Tools
• Wound Healing
• Types of Wound Healing
• Phases of Wound Healing
• Types of Wound Exudate
• Complications of Wound Healing
• Factors Affecting Wound Healing
• Nursing Management
• Skill 36.1 Cleaning a Sutured Wound and Dressing a Wound with a Drain
• Skill 36.2 Irrigating a Wound
• Skill 36.3 Obtaining a Wound Drainage Specimen for Culture
• Chapter 37: Perioperative Nursing
• Introduction
• Types of Surgery
• Purpose
• Degree of Urgency
• Degree of Risk
• Preoperative Phase
• Preoperative Consent
• Nursing Management
• Skill 37.1 Teaching Moving, Leg Exercises, Deep Breathing, and Coughing
• Skill 37.2 Applying Antiemboli Stockings
• Intraoperative Phase
• Types of Anesthesia
• Nursing Management
• Postoperative Phase
• Immediate Postanesthetic Phase
• Preparing for Ongoing Care of the Postoperative Client
• Nursing Management
• Skill 37.3 Managing Gastrointestinal Suction
• Unit 9: Promoting Psychosocial Health
• Chapter 38: Sensory Perception
• Introduction
• Components of the Sensory Experience
• Arousal Mechanism
• Factors Affecting Sensory Function
• Developmental Stage
• Culture
• Stress
• Medications and Illness
• Lifestyle and Personality
• Sensory Alterations
• Sensory Deprivation
• Sensory Overload
• Sensory Deficits
• Nursing Management
• Chapter 39: Self-Concept
• Introduction
• Self-Concept
• Formation of Self-Concept
• Components of Self-Concept
• Personal Identity
• Body Image
• Role Performance
• Self-Esteem
• Factors That Affect Self-Concept
• Stage of Development
• Family and Culture
• Stressors
• Resources
• History of Success and Failure
• Illness
• Nursing Management
• Chapter 40: Sexuality
• Introduction
• Development of Sexuality
• Birth to 12 Years
• Adolescence
• Young and Middle Adulthood
• Older Adulthood
• Sexual Health
• Components of Sexual Health
• Sexual Expression
• Sexual Orientation
• Gender Identity
• Sexual Practices
• Factors Influencing Sexuality
• Family
• Culture
• Religion
• Personal Expectations and Ethics
• Sexual Response Cycle
• Altered Sexual Function
• Past and Current Factors
• Sexual Desire Disorders
• Sexual Arousal Disorders
• Orgasmic Disorders
• Sexual Pain Disorders
• Problems with Satisfaction
• Nursing Management
• Chapter 41: Spirituality
• Introduction
• Spirituality and Related Concepts Described
• Spiritual Care or Spiritual Nursing Care?
• Spiritual Needs, Spiritual Disruption, Spiritual Health, and Religious Coping
• Spiritual Development
• Spiritual Health and the Nursing Process
• Nursing Management
• Religious Practices That Nurses Should Know
• Holy Days
• Sacred Texts
• Sacred Symbols
• Prayer and Meditation
• Beliefs Affecting Diet
• Beliefs About Illness and Healing
• Beliefs About Dress and Modesty
• Beliefs Related to Birth
• Beliefs Related to Death
• Spiritual Self-Awareness for the Nurse
• Chapter 42: Stress and Coping
• Introduction
• Concept of Stress
• Sources of Stress
• Effects of Stress
• Models of Stress
• Stimulus-Based Models
• Response-Based Models
• Transaction-Based Models
• Indicators of Stress
• Physiologic Indicators
• Psychologic Indicators
• Cognitive Indicators
• Coping
• Nursing Management
• Chapter 43: Loss, Grieving, and Death
• Introduction
• Loss and Grief
• Types and Sources of Loss
• Grief, Bereavement, and Mourning
• Stages of Grieving
• Manifestations of Grief
• Factors Influencing the Loss and Grief Responses
• Nursing Management
• Dying and Death
• Responses to Dying and Death
• Definitions of Death
• Death-Related Religious and Cultural Practices
• Death-Related Legal Issues
• Nursing Management
• Unit 10: Promoting Physiologic Health
• Chapter 44: Activity and Exercise
• Introduction
• Normal Movement
• Alignment and Posture
• Joint Mobility
• Balance
• Coordinated Movement
• Factors Affecting Body Alignment and Activity
• Growth and Development
• Nutrition
• Personal Values and Attitudes
• External Factors
• Prescribed Limitations
• Exercise
• Types of Exercise
• Benefits of Exercise
• Effects of Immobility
• Musculoskeletal System
• Cardiovascular System
• Respiratory System
• Metabolism
• Urinary System
• Gastrointestinal System
• Integumentary System
• Psychoneurologic System
• Nursing Management
• Skill 44.1 Moving a Client Up in Bed
• Skill 44.2 Turning a Client to the Lateral or Prone Position in Bed
• Skill 44.3 Logrolling a Client
• Skill 44.4 Assisting a Client to Sit on the Side of the Bed (Dangling)
• Skill 44.5 Transferring Between Bed and Chair
• Skill 44.6 Transferring Between Bed and Stretcher
• Skill 44.7 Assisting a Client to Ambulate
• Chapter 45: Sleep
• Introduction
• Physiology of Sleep
• Circadian Rhythms
• Types of Sleep
• Sleep Cycles
• Functions of Sleep
• Normal Sleep Patterns and Requirements
• Newborns
• Infants
• Toddlers
• Preschoolers
• School-Age Children
• Adolescents
• Older Adults
• Factors Affecting Sleep
• Illness
• Environment
• Lifestyle
• Emotional Stress
• Stimulants and Alcohol
• Diet
• Smoking
• Motivation
• Medications
• Common Sleep Disorders
• Insomnia
• Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
• Parasomnias
• Nursing Management
• Chapter 46: Nutrition
• Introduction
• Essential Nutrients
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Micronutrients
• Energy Balance
• Energy Intake
• Energy Output
• Body Weight and Body Mass Standards
• Factors Affecting Nutrition
• Development
• Sex
• Ethnicity and Culture
• Beliefs About Food
• Personal Preferences
• Religious Practices
• Lifestyle
• Economics
• Medications and Therapy
• Health
• Alcohol Consumption
• Advertising
• Psychologic Factors
• Nutritional Variations Throughout the Lifecycle
• Neonate to 1 Year
• Toddler
• Preschooler
• School-Age Child
• Adolescent
• Young Adult
• Middle-Aged Adult
• Older Adults
• Standards for a Healthy Diet
• Dietary Guidelines for Americans
• Recommended Dietary Intake
• Vegetarian Diets
• Altered Nutrition
• Nursing Management
• Skill 46.1 Inserting a Nasogastric Tube
• Skill 46.2 Administering a Tube Feeding
• Skill 46.3 Administering an Intermittent Gastrostomy or Jejunostomy Feeding
• Skill 46.4 Removing a Nasogastric Tube
• Chapter 47: Urinary Elimination
• Introduction
• Physiology of Urinary Elimination
• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Bladder
• Urethra
• Pelvic Floor
• Urination
• Factors Affecting Voiding
• Developmental Factors
• Psychosocial Factors
• Fluid and Food Intake
• Medications
• Muscle Tone
• Pathologic Conditions
• Surgical and Diagnostic Procedures
• Altered Urine Production
• Polyuria
• Oliguria and Anuria
• Altered Urinary Elimination
• Frequency and Nocturia
• Urgency
• Dysuria
• Enuresis
• Urinary Incontinence
• Urinary Retention
• Nursing Management
• Skill 47.1 Applying an External Urinary Device
• Skill 47.2 Performing Indwelling Urinary Catheterization
• Skill 47.3 Performing Bladder Irrigation
• Chapter 48: Fecal Elimination
• Introduction
• Physiology of Defecation
• Large Intestine
• Rectum and Anal Canal
• Defecation
• Feces
• Factors That Affect Defecation
• Development
• Diet
• Activity
• Psychologic Factors
• Defecation Habits
• Medications
• Diagnostic Procedures
• Anesthesia and Surgery
• Pathologic Conditions
• Pain
• Fecal Elimination Problems
• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Bowel Incontinence
• Flatulence
• Nursing Management
• Skill 48.1 Administering an Enema
• Bowel Diversion Ostomies
• Permanence
• Anatomic Location
• Surgical Construction of the Stoma
• Ostomy Management
• Skill 48.2 Changing a Bowel Diversion Ostomy Appliance
• Chapter 49: Oxygenation
• Introduction
• Structure and Processes of the Respiratory System
• Structure of the Respiratory System
• Pulmonary Ventilation
• Alveolar Gas Exchange
• Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
• Systemic Diffusion
• Respiratory Regulation
• Factors Affecting Respiratory Function
• Age
• Environment
• Lifestyle
• Health Status
• Medications
• Stress
• Alterations in Respiratory Function
• Conditions Affecting the Airway
• Conditions Affecting Movement of Air
• Conditions Affecting Diffusion
• Conditions Affecting Transport
• Nursing Management
• Skill 49.1 Administering Oxygen by Cannula, Face Mask, or Face Tent
• Skill 49.2 Oral, Oropharyngeal, Nasopharyngeal, and Nasotracheal Suctioning
• Skill 49.3 Suctioning a Tracheostomy or Endotracheal Tube
• Skill 49.4 Providing Tracheostomy Care
• Chapter 50: Circulation
• Introduction
• Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
• The Heart
• Blood Vessels
• Blood
• Lifespan Considerations
• Factors Affecting Cardiovascular Function
• Risk Factors
• Alterations in Cardiovascular Function
• Decreased Cardiac Output
• Impaired Tissue Perfusion
• Blood Alterations
• Nursing Management
• Skill 50.1 Applying Sequential Compression Devices
• Chapter 51: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance
• Introduction
• Body Fluids and Electrolytes
• Distribution of Body Fluids
• Composition of Body Fluid
• Movement of Body Fluids and Electrolytes
• Regulating Body Fluids
• Regulating Electrolytes
• Acid–Base Balance
• Regulation of Acid–Base Balance
• Factors Affecting Body Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid–Base Balance
• Age
• Sex and Body Size
• Environmental Temperature
• Lifestyle
• Disturbances in Fluid Volume, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balances
• Fluid Imbalances
• Electrolyte Imbalances
• Acid–Base Imbalances
• Nursing Management
• Skill 51.1 Starting an Intravenous Infusion and Inserting a Short Peripheral Catheter
• Skill 51.2 Monitoring an Intravenous Infusion
• Skill 51.3 Changing an Intravenous Container and Tubing
• Skill 51.4 Discontinuing an Intravenous Infusion and Removing a Short Peripheral Catheter
• Skill 51.5 Changing a Short Peripheral Catheter to an Intermittent Infusion Device
• Skill 51.6 Initiating, Maintaining, and Terminating a Blood Transfusion Using a Y-Set
• Appendix A: Answers to Test Your Knowledge
• Glossary
• Index
• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• X
• Y
• Z
• Special Features