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• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• About the Authors
• 1 An Overview of Law and Society
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• Law and Society
• Definitions of Law
• Functions of the Legal System
• Dysfunctions of the Legal System
• Law and Morality
• Classifications of Legal Rules
• Approaches to Law and Society
• Consensus Paradigm
• Conflict Paradigm
• Rule of Law
• Summary
• Questions in Review
• Practicum
• Endnotes
• 2 Legal Systems
• Chapter Objectives
• Common-Law Systems
• Civil-Law Systems
• Islamic
• Socialist
• American Indian Law
• Theories of Law
• Natural Law
• Legal Positivism
• European Pioneer Theorists
• Baron de Montesquieu (Charles Louis de Secondat 1689–1755)
• Herbert Spencer (1820–1903)
• Sir Henry Sumner Maine (1822–1888)
• Interrelationship between Society and Law
• Karl Marx (1818–1883)
• Max Weber (1864–1920)
• Emile Durkheim (1858–1917)
• Sociological Jurisprudence Movement
• Roscoe Pound
• Benjamin Nathan Cardozo (1870–1938)
• Legal Realism
• Oliver Wendell Holmes
• Karl Llewellyn (1893–1962)
• Jerome Frank (1889–1957)
• Max Gluckman (1911–1975)
• Modern Legal Theorists
• John Rawls
• Richard Posner
• Laura Nader
• Donald Black
• Edward Levi
• Critical Legal Studies
• Feminist Legal Theories
• Critical Race Theory
• Summary
• Questions in Review
• Endnotes
• 3 Social Research Methods
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• Fundamentals of Research
• Methods of Inquiry
• The Experimental Method
• The Classic Experimental Design
• The Solomon Four-Group Design
• The Posttest-Only Control-Group Design
• Quasi-Experimental Designs
• Nonrandomized Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design
• Time-Series Designs
• Equivalent Time-Samples Design
• The Observation Method
• Types of Participant Observation
• Simulation Research
• The Survey Method
• Personal Interviews
• Telephone Interviews
• Mail Surveys
• Historical and Archival Research
• The Case Study
• Policy and Evaluation Research
• Differentiating Between Social and Criminal Justice
• Questions in Review
• Key Terms
• Endnotes
• 4 Legal Structures
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• Courts
• Court Jurisdiction
• Court Organization
• The State Court System
• Courts of Limited and Specific Jurisdiction
• State Court of Appeals
• Federal Court System
• U.S. District Courts
• U.S. Courts of Appeals
• Supreme Court of the United States
• Court Unification Movements
• Classifications of Law
• Common Law and Civil Law Systems
• Sources of Law: Constitutional, Statutory, and Case Law
• Constitutional Law
• Statutory Law
• Case Law
• Scope of the Law
• Administrative Law
• Civil and Criminal Law
• Functions: Substantive and Procedural Law
• Participants
• Litigants
• Counsel
• Judges
• Juries
• Grand Juries
• The Court Administrator
• Flow of Litigation in Civil Proceedings
• Flow of Criminal Proceedings
• Lawmaking
• U.S. Congress
• State Legislatures
• How a Bill Becomes a Law
• Introduction of a Bill
• Assignment to Committee
• First, Second, and Third Readings
• Senate
• Conference Committees
• Executive Actions
• Administrative Agencies and Rulemaking
• Lobbyists
• Governance of Lobbyists
• Law Enforcers
• Local Law Enforcement
• State Law Enforcement
• Federal Law Enforcement
• Punishment
• Sentencing Guidelines
• Correctional Institutions
• Community-Based Corrections
• Summary
• Questions in Review
• Endnotes
• 5 Social Control
• Chapter Objectives
• Behavior and Social Controls
• Informal Social Controls
• Enforcement of Norms
• Social Norms and Deviance
• Moral Learning
• Formal Controls
• Criminal Law
• Texas Penal Code, Section 49.02
• Victimless Crimes
• White-Collar Crimes
• Civil Commitment
• Administrative Law
• Tort Law
• Contract Law
• Controlling Dissent
• Individual Rights versus Law and Order
• Civil Disobedience
• Freedoms of Speech, Association, and Press
• Language Morphology Issues
• Summary
• Questions in Review
• Endnotes
• 6 Lawmaking as a Form of Social Control
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• Nature of Lawmaking
• Group-Influence Model
• Functionalist View
• Conflict Perspective
• Legislative Lawmaking
• Legislative Committee Work
• Role Orientation
• Term Limits
• Congressional Investigation
• Administrative Lawmaking
• Proclamations and Executive Orders
• Judicial Lawmaking
• The Use of Writs
• Lawmaking by Precedents
• Interest Groups
• Source of Funds
• Questions in Review
• Endnotes
• 7 Dispute Resolution
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• Hidden Harmony Myth
• Dispute Categories
• Dispute Resolution Methods
• Hierarchy of Types
• Litigation as a Means of Resolving Disputes
• Alternative Dispute Resolution
• Court-Annexed Arbitration
• Mediation
• Arbitration
• Selecting an Arbitrator
• Conflict Resolution and Delinquency
• International Arbitration and Mediation
• Questions in Review
• Endnotes
• 8 Social Change and Law
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• Nature of Social Change and Law
• Courts as Mechanism for Social Change
• Magnitude of Court Decisions
• Legitimacy of Law to Create Social Change
• Public Opinion
• Limitations of Law to Create Social Change
• Impact of Social Change on Law
• The Civil Rights Movement
• The Antiwar Movement
• The Women’s Movement
• Rights for Sexual Minorities
• Questions in Review
• Endnotes
• 9 Lawyers
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• The Legal Profession
• The Legal Profession in the United States
• Evolution of the Legal Profession in the United States
• Legal Education
• The Legal Profession Today
• Courthouse Work Groups
• Malpractice
• Private Practice
• Lawyer Advertising
• Should Attorneys Be Allowed to Advertise?
• Advertisement Restrictions
• Solicitation of Clients
• Fields of Practice
• The Internet
• Professional Responsibility
• Lawyer’s Duties to the Client
• Client’s Rights
• Duties to Others
• Conflicts of Interest
• Trial Publicity
• Prohibited Conduct by Attorneys
• Future of the Law
• Summary
• Questions in Review
• Endnotes
• 10 Private Life and the Law
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• Right to Privacy
• Privacy Act of 1974
• Freedom of Information Act
• The Right of Publicity
• The Federal Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA)
• Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
• Abortion
• Pornography
• Pornography and the Internet
• Questions in Review
• Endnotes
• 11 Crime and Justice Issues
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• Exclusionary Rule
• Plea Bargaining
• Hate Crimes
• Stalking
• Interstate Stalking Punishment and Prevention Act of 1996
• Punishment
• State Anti-Stalking Legislation
• Capital Punishment
• The Death Penalty in America
• Imprisonment
• Private Prisons
• Questions in Review
• Endnotes
• 12 Labor Issues and the Law
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• Governmental Labor Policies
• National Labor Relations Act
• Present State of Labor Unions
• Federal Preemption
• Exclusivity
• Employers and Employee Rights
• Bargaining Subjects
• Right-to-Work Laws and Unions
• Concerted Action
• Union Affairs
• Fair Labor Standards Act
• Discrimination
• Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
• Pregnancy
• Age Discrimination
• Reverse Discrimination
• Workers’ Compensation
• Questions in Review
• Endnotes
• Index