Efnisyfirlit

• Cover Page
• Table Of Contents
• Foreword
• Editor’s Acknowledgements
• 1 Some Pointers to the Linguistics of Legal English
• 1 Introduction: Legal English and the rise of English for professional purposes
• 2 The aims of this book
• 3 The leading features of legal English
• a Latinisms
• b Terms of French or Norman origin
• c Formal register and archaic diction
• d Archaic adverbs and prepositional phrases
• e Redundancy (‘doublets’ and ‘triplets’)
• f Frequency of performative verbs
• g Changing registers: Euphemisms and contemporary colloquialism
• 4 ‘Legalese’ and ‘The Plain English Campaign’
• 5 The classification of legal vocabulary
• a Purely technical terms
• b Semi-technical or mixed terms
• c Everyday vocabulary frequently found in legal texts
• 6 Some leading features of the morphology and syntax of legal English
• a Unusually long sentences
• b The anfractuosity of English legal syntax
• c Abundant use of the passive voice
• d Conditionals and hypothetical formulations
• e The simple syntax of plain judicial narrative
• f Active and passive parties in legal relationships: the suffixes -er (-or) and –ee
• 2 Equivalence and Interpretation
• 1 The question of equivalence in Translation Studies
• 2 Judges and translators. Interpretation and construction. The elusiveness of meaning
• 3 Lexical vagueness (I) Definition, extension and intension
• 4 Lexical vagueness (II) Denotation and connotation; register
• Fight, combat, oppose, resist, withstand, contest, contend and argue
• Gap and loophole
• Breach, infringement, violation, contravention, transgression
• 5 Lexical vagueness (III) Polysemy and the importance of context
• 6 Lexical vagueness (IV). Homonymy
• 7 Vagueness in legal lexical units (V) Synonyms, hyperonyms and hyponyms
• 8 Vagueness in legal lexical units (VI). Antonyms
• 9 Vagueness in legal lexical units (VII) False cognates or ‘false friends’
• 10 Figurative language: metaphors and buried metaphors
• 11 Syntactic ambiguity
• 3 Some Pointers to the English Legal System
• 1 Introduction. The translator and the legal background
• 2 The translator and the sources of English law
• a Common law
• b Equity
• c Statute law
• 3 The branches of English law. Jurisdiction and the court structure
• County Court
• The High Court
• The Court of Appeal (Civil Division)
• The House of Lords
• 4 The English Criminal Courts
• 5 The vocabulary of litigation
• 6 Common terms in litigations
• 7 The language of judges
• 8 The terms used in favourable judicial decisions
• 9 The terms used in unfavourable judicial decisions
• 4 Civil and Criminal Proceedings. Administrative Tribunals
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Civil proceedings
• 2.1 The new ‘Civil Procedure Rules’
• 2.2 The overriding objective
• a The simplification of legal language
• b The use of new technology
• c Procedural judges
• 2.3 Unification of procedure
• 2.4 Allocation to track
• 3 Right of action, cause of action. Some basic terms
• 4 Criminal proceedings
• 4.1 Arrest and charge
• 4.2 Types of offence
• 4.3 The trial
• 5 Administrative, Industrial and Domestic Tribunals
• 5 Genres in the Translation of Legal English (I)
• 1 Introduction: Legal genres in translation
• 2 The macrostructure of legal genres: university degrees and diplomas
• 3 Certificates
• 4 Statutes
• a The short title
• b The long title
• c The preamble
• d The enacting words
• e The parts, articles and sections of statutes
• f Schedules
• 5 Law reports
• Introduction
• Reason for the decision setting the precedent (ratio decidendi)
• The decision of the court
• The recital
• The finding
• 6 Judgements
• 7 Oral genres (I). The examination of witnesses at the public hearing
• a Direct examination or examination-in-chief
• b Cross-examination (examen contradictorio de la prueba, contrainterrogatorio, contre-interrogatoire, Kreuzverhör)
• c Re-examination (segundo interrogatorio, nouvelle interrogation, perhaps erneute Prüfung)
• 8 Oral genres (II). Counsels’ closing speeches to the jury (jury summation). Judge’s summing-up and charge to the jury
• Address by counsel for the prosecution
• Address by counsel for the defence
• Judge’s summing up and charge to the jury
• 6 Genres in the translation of legal English (II)
• 1 Contracts
• a Commencement or premises
• b Recitals or preamble
• c The operative provisions
• d Definitions
• e Consideration
• f Representation and Warranties
• g Applicable law
• h Severability (divisibilidad del contrato, divisibilité du contrat, Teilbarkeit des Vertrags)
• i Testimonium [testing clause]
• j Signatures
• k Schedules
• 2 Deeds and indentures
• 3 Insurance policies
• a Risks covered
• b Exclusions
• 4 Last will and testament
• a Debt clause
• b Distribution clause
• c Common disaster clause
• d Survivorship clause
• e Executor appointment clause
• f Guardians appointment clause
• g Saving clause
• h Signature
• i Attestation clause, or testing clause or testimonium
• 5 The power of attorney
• a Commencement and performative act
• b The operative part
• 6 The professional article
• a Brief introductory remarks
• b Statement of aims and synopsis of problem discussed
• c The body of the article (discussion of the issues)
• d Conclusions and suggestions for further discussion
• 7 Legal English in popular fiction
• a On ‘probable cause’
• b On objections raised by counsel
• c On plea bargaining
• 7 Practical Problems in Translation Explained (I)
• 1 Translation as problem-solving
• 2 Legal vocabulary (I) The translation of purely technical vocabulary
• 2.1 Problems in the translation of one-word purely technical terms
• 2.2 Problems in the translation of multiple-word technical terms
• 3 Legal vocabulary (II) The translation of semi-technical vocabulary
• 4 Legal vocabulary (III). Problems in the translation of everyday vocabulary in legal English
• a Develop
• b Qualify
• 5 The translation of functional vocabulary in legal English
• 6 Lexical resources in translation (l) The collocations of legal English
• a Contract5
• Verbs
• Nouns:
• Adverbial phrases:
• b Act
• As object of verbs:
• As subject of verbs:
• c Appeal
• As noun
• As verb
• Prepositional phrase
• d Judgement
• e Witness
• Adjectival phrases:
• As verb:
• 7 Lexical resources in translation (ll) The semantic fields of legal English
• a Civil proceedings
• b Criminal proceedings
• c Employment contracts
• d Company law
• d Admiralty law
• 8 Lexical traps for the translator: false cognates and unconscious calques
• 8 Practical Problems in Translation Explained (II)
• 1 The translator at the crossroads: techniques of legal translation
• 2 Transposition
• a Verb for noun
• b Pronoun for noun
• c Noun for adjective:
• d Noun for verb:
• e Active or impersonal form for passive
• f Relative or noun phrase for gerund or prepositional phrase with ‘with’
• g Noun phrase for adverbial phrase
• 3 Expansion
• 4 Modulation
• 5 Modifiers
• The complex noun phrase
• Verb phrase modifiers. Adverbs
• 6 The syntax of legal English. Double conjunctions
• 7 Thematization. Syntactic peculiarities of individual languages
• 8 Textual coherence. Lexical repetition in English legal discourse. Synonyms
• References