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• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Evolve Student Resources
• Copyright
• Dedication
• About the Authors
• Contributors and Reviewers
• Preface
• Laying Foundations in Basic Principles
• Reviewing Physiology and Pathophysiology
• Teaching Through Prototypes
• Large Print and Small Print: A Way to Focus on Essentials
• Using Clinical Reality to Prioritize Content
• Nursing Implications: Demonstrating the Application of Pharmacology in Nursing Practice
• What’s New in the Book?
• Learning Supplements for Students
• Teaching Supplements for Instructors
• Ways to Use This Textbook
• Acknowledgments
• Unit I: Introduction
• Chapter 1. Orientation to Pharmacology
• Four Basic Terms
• Properties of an Ideal Drug
• The Therapeutic Objective
• Factors that Determine the Intensity of Drug Responses
• Chapter 2. Application of Pharmacology in Nursing Practice
• Evolution of Nursing Responsibilities Regarding Drugs
• Application of Pharmacology in Patient Care
• Application of Pharmacology in Patient Education
• Application of the Nursing Process in Drug Therapy
• Chapter 3. Drug Regulation, Development, Names, and Information
• Landmark Drug Legislation
• Hazardous Drug Exposure
• New Drug Development
• Drug Names
• Over-the-Counter Drugs
• Sources of Drug Information
• Unit II: Basic Principles of Pharmacology
• Chapter 4. Pharmacokinetics
• Application of Pharmacokinetics in Therapeutics
• A Note to Chemophobes
• Passage of Drugs Across Membranes
• Absorption
• Distribution
• Metabolism
• Excretion
• Time Course of Drug Responses
• Chapter 5. Pharmacodynamics
• Dose-Response Relationships
• Drug-Receptor Interactions
• Drug Responses that do not Involve Receptors
• Interpatient Variability in Drug Responses
• The Therapeutic Index
• Chapter 6. Drug Interactions
• Drug-Drug Interactions
• Drug-Food Interactions
• Drug-Supplement Interactions
• Chapter 7. Adverse Drug Reactions and Medication Errors
• Adverse Drug Reactions
• Medication Errors
• Chapter 8. Individual Variation in Drug Responses
• Body Weight and Composition
• Age
• Pathophysiology
• Tolerance
• Placebo Effect
• Variability in Absorption
• Genetics and Pharmacogenomics
• Gender- and Race-Related Variations
• Comorbidities and Drug Interactions
• Diet
• Failure to Take Medicine as Prescribed
• Chapter 9. Genetic and Genomic Considerations
• Pharmacogenomics
• Genomics Education and Competencies
• Application of Pharmacogenomics
• Genetic Variants that Alter Drug Metabolism
• Genetic Variants that Alter Drug Targets
• Genetic Variants that Alter Immune Responses to Drugs
• Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Testing
• Barriers to Pharmacogenomic Application in Practice
• Chapter 10. Introduction to Immunomodulators
• Monoclonal Antibodies “MAbs”
• Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors “NIBS”
• Proteasome Inhibitors “MIBS”
• Immunotherapy of the Future
• Unit III: Drug Therapy Across The Life Span
• Chapter 11. Drug Therapy During Pregnancy and Breast-Feeding
• Drug Therapy During Pregnancy: Basic Considerations
• Drug Therapy During Pregnancy: Teratogenesis and Other Risks
• Drug Therapy During Breast-Feeding
• Chapter 12. Drug Therapy in Pediatric Patients
• Pharmacokinetics: Neonates And Infants
• Pharmacokinetics: Children 1 Year and Older
• Adverse Drug Reactions
• Dosage Determination
• Promoting Adherence
• Chapter 13. Drug Therapy in Older Adults
• Pharmacokinetic Changes in Older Adults
• Pharmacodynamic Changes in Older Adults
• Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug Interactions
• Promoting Adherence
• Considerations for End-of-Life Care
• Unit IV: Peripheral Nervous System Drugs
• Section 1: Introduction
• Chapter 14. Basic Principles of Neuropharmacology
• How Neurons Regulate Physiologic Processes
• Basic Mechanisms By Which Neuropharmacologic Agents Act
• Multiple Receptor Types and Selectivity of Drug Action
• An Approach to Learning About Peripheral Nervous System Drugs
• Chapter 15. Physiology of the Peripheral Nervous System
• Divisions of the Nervous System
• Overview of Autonomic Nervous System Functions
• Autonomic Nervous System Regulation of Physiologic Processes
• Anatomic Considerations
• Transmitters of the Peripheral Nervous System
• Receptors of the Peripheral Nervous System
• Exploring the Concept of Receptor Subtypes
• Locations of Receptor Subtypes
• Functions of Cholinergic and Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes
• Transmitter Life Cycles
• Section 2: Cholinergic Drugs
• Chapter 16. Muscarinic Agonists
• Introduction to Cholinergic Drugs
• Muscarinic Agonists
• Chapter 17. Muscarinic Antagonists
• Muscarinic Antagonists (Anticholinergic Drugs)
• Other Muscarinic Antagonists
• Drugs for Overactive Bladder
• Toxicology of Muscarinic Antagonists
• Chapter 18. Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Their Use in Myasthenia Gravis
• Reversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors
• Irreversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors
• Myasthenia Gravis
• Chapter 19. Drugs That Block Nicotinic Cholinergic Transmission
• Control of Muscle Contraction
• Competitive (Nondepolarizing) Neuromuscular Blockers
• Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers
• Therapeutic Uses of Neuromuscular Blockers
• Section 3: Adrenergic Drugs
• Chapter 20. Adrenergic Agonists
• Mechanisms of Adrenergic Receptor Activation
• Overview of the Adrenergic Agonists
• Therapeutic Applications and Adverse Effects of Adrenergic Receptor Activation
• Properties of Representative Adrenergic Agonists
• Chapter 21. Adrenergic Antagonists
• Alpha-Adrenergic Antagonists
• Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists
• Chapter 22. Indirect-Acting Antiadrenergic Agents
• Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists
• Unit V: Central Nervous System Drugs
• Section 4: Introduction
• Chapter 23. Introduction to Central Nervous System Pharmacology
• Transmitters of the CNS
• The Blood-Brain Barrier
• How Do CNS Drugs Produce Therapeutic Effects?
• Adaptation of the CNS to Prolonged Drug Exposure
• Development of New Psychotherapeutic Drugs
• Approaching the Study of CNS Drugs
• Section 5: Drugs for Neurodegenerative Disorders
• Chapter 24. Drugs for Parkinson Disease
• Pathophysiology That Underlies Motor Symptoms
• Overview of Motor Symptom Management
• Pharmacology of Drugs Used for Motor Symptoms
• Nonmotor Symptoms and Their Management
• Chapter 25. Drugs for Alzheimer Disease
• Pathophysiology
• Risk Factors and Symptoms
• Drugs for Cognitive Impairment
• Drugs for Neuropsychiatric Symptoms
• Can We Prevent Alzheimer Disease Or Delay Cognitive Decline?
• Chapter 26. Drugs for Multiple Sclerosis
• Overview of MS and ITS Treatment
• Disease-Modifying Drugs I: Immunomodulators
• Disease-Modifying Drugs II: Immunosuppressants
• Drugs Used to Manage MS Symptoms
• Section 6: Neurologic Drugs
• Chapter 27. Drugs for Seizure Disorders
• Generation of Seizures
• Types of Seizures
• How Antiseizure Drugs Work
• Basic Therapeutic Considerations
• Classification of Antiseizure Drugs
• Traditional Antiseizure Drugs
• New Generation Antiseizure Drugs
• Management of Generalized Convulsive Status Epilepticus
• Chapter 28. Drugs for Muscle Spasm and Spasticity
• Drugs for Spasticity
• Drugs for Localized Muscle Spasm
• Other Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants
• Section 7: Drugs for Pain
• Chapter 29. Local Anesthetics
• Basic Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics
• Properties of Individual Local Anesthetics
• Clinical use of Local Anesthetics
• Chapter 30. General Anesthetics
• Inhalation Anesthetics
• Intravenous Anesthetics
• Chapter 31. Opioid Analgesics, Opioid Antagonists, and Nonopioid Centrally Acting Analgesics
• Opioid Analgesics
• Opioid Antagonists
• Chapter 32. Pain Management in Patients With Cancer
• Pathophysiology of Pain
• Management Strategy
• Assessment and Ongoing Evaluation
• Drug Therapy
• Nondrug Therapy
• Pain Management in Special Populations
• Patient Education
• Chapter 33. Drugs for Headache
• Migraine Headache
• Overview of Treatment
• Cluster Headaches
• Section 8: Psychotherapeutic Drugs
• Chapter 34. Antipsychotic Agents and Their Use in Schizophrenia
• Schizophrenia: Clinical Presentation and Etiology
• First-Generation (Conventional) Antipsychotics
• Second-Generation (Atypical) Antipsychotics
• Depot Antipsychotic Preparations
• Management of Schizophrenia
• Chapter 35. Antidepressants
• Major Depression: Clinical Features, Pathogenesis, and Treatment Overview
• Drugs Used for Depression
• Peripartum Depression
• Chapter 36. Drugs for Bipolar Disorder
• Characteristics of Bipolar Disorder
• Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
• Mood-Stabilizing Drugs
• Antipsychotic Drugs
• Chapter 37. Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
• Benzodiazepines
• Benzodiazepine-Like Drugs
• Ramelteon: A Melatonin Agonist
• Suvorexant: An Orexin Antagonist
• Barbiturates
• Management of Insomnia
• Chapter 38. Management of Anxiety Disorders
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• Panic Disorder
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Social Anxiety Disorder
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
• Chapter 39. Central Nervous System Stimulants and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
• Central Nervous System Stimulants
• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
• Section 9: Substance Use Disorders
• Chapter 40. Substance Use Disorders I: Basic Considerations
• Definitions
• Diagnostic Criteria Regarding Substance Use Disorder
• Factors That Contribute To Substance Use Disorder
• Neurobiology of Substance Use Disorders
• Principles of Substance Use Disorder Treatment
• The Controlled Substances Act
• Chapter 41. Substance Use Disorders II: Alcohol
• Basic Pharmacology of Alcohol
• Alcohol Use Disorder
• Drugs for Alcohol Use Disorder
• Chapter 42. Substance Use Disorders III: Nicotine
• Basic Pharmacology of Nicotine
• Pharmacologic AIDS to Smoking Cessation
• Chapter 43. Substance Use Disorders IV: Major Drugs of Abuse Other Than Alcohol and Nicotine
• Heroin, Oxycodone, and Other Opioids
• Kratom
• General Central Nervous System Depressants
• Psychostimulants
• Marijuana and Related Preparations
• Psychedelics
• Dissociative Drugs
• Dextromethorphan
• 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy)
• Inhalants
• Anabolic Steroids
• Unit VI: Drugs That Affect Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
• Chapter 44. Diuretics
• Review of Renal Anatomy and Physiology
• Introduction to Diuretics
• Loop Diuretics
• Thiazides and Related Diuretics
• Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
• Mannitol: An Osmotic Diuretic
• Chapter 45. Agents Affecting the Volume and Ion Content of Body Fluids
• Disorders of Fluid Volume and Osmolality
• Acid-Base Disturbances
• Potassium Imbalances
• Magnesium Imbalances
• Unit VII: Drugs That Affect The Heart, Blood Vessels, and Blood
• Chapter 46. Review of Hemodynamics
• Overview of the Circulatory System
• Regulation of Cardiac Output
• Regulation of Arterial Pressure
• Chapter 47. Drugs Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
• Physiology of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
• Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
• Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
• Aliskiren: A Direct Renin Inhibitor
• Aldosterone Antagonists
• Chapter 48. Calcium Channel Blockers
• Calcium Channels: Physiologic Functions and Consequences of Blockade
• Calcium Channel Blockers: Classification and Sites of Action
• NonDihydropyridines: Verapamil and Diltiazem: Agents That Act on Vascular Smooth Muscle and the Heart
• Dihydropyridines: Agents That Act Mainly on Vascular Smooth Muscle
• Chapter 49. Vasodilators
• Basic Concepts in Vasodilator Pharmacology
• Pharmacology of Individual Vasodilators
• Chapter 50. Drugs for Hypertension
• Basic Considerations in Hypertension
• Management of Chronic Hypertension
• Drugs For Hypertensive Emergencies
• Drugs For Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
• Chapter 51. Drugs for Heart Failure
• Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
• Overview of Drugs Used to Treat Heart Failure
• Digoxin: A Cardiac Glycoside
• Management of Heart Failure
• Chapter 52. Antidysrhythmic Drugs
• Cardiac Electrophysiology, Dysrhythmias, and the Antidysrhythmic Drugs
• Pharmacology of the Antidysrhythmic Drugs
• Chapter 53. Drugs That Help Normalize Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels
• Cholesterol
• Plasma Lipoproteins
• Role of LDL Cholesterol in Atherosclerosis
• 2018 ACC/AHA Guidelines on the Management of Blood Cholesterol
• Drugs and other Products used to Improve Plasma Lipid Levels
• Chapter 54. Drugs for Angina Pectoris
• Determinants of Cardiac Oxygen Demand and Oxygen Supply
• Angina Pectoris: Pathophysiology and Treatment Strategy
• Organic Nitrates
• Beta Blockers
• Calcium Channel Blockers
• Ranolazine
• Treatment Measures
• Chapter 55. Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet, and Thrombolytic Drugs
• Coagulation: Physiology and Pathophysiology
• Overview of Drugs for Thromboembolic Disorders
• Chapter 56. Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
• Pathophysiology of STEMI
• Diagnosis of STEMI
• Management of STEMI
• Complications of STEMI
• Secondary Prevention of STEMI
• Chapter 57. Drugs for Hemophilia
• Basic Considerations
• Preparations Used to Treat Hemophilia
• Chapter 58. Drugs for Deficiency Anemias
• Red Blood Cell Development
• Iron Deficiency
• Biochemistry And Physiology of Iron
• Iron Deficiency: Causes, Consequences, And Diagnosis
• Oral Iron Preparations
• Parenteral Iron Preparations
• Guidelines For Treating Iron Deficiency
• Vitamin B12 Deficiency
• Biochemistry and Physiology of Vitamin B12
• Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Causes, Consequences, And Diagnosis
• Vitamin B12 Preparations: Cyanocobalamin
• Guidelines for Treating Vitamin B12 Deficiency
• Folic Acid Deficiency
• Physiology And Biochemistry of Folic Acid
• Folic Acid Deficiency: Causes, Consequences, And Diagnosis
• Folic Acid Preparations
• Guidelines For Treating Folic Acid Deficiency
• Chapter 59. Hematopoietic Agents
• Hematopoietic Growth Factors
• Erythropoietic Growth Factors
• Leukopoietic Growth Factors
• Drugs That Mimic Hematopoietic Growth Factors Or Enhance Their Actions
• Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists
• Unit VIII: Drugs for Endocrine Disorders
• Chapter 60. Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Insulin
• Physiology
• Preparations and Administration
• Therapeutic Use
• Noninsulin Medications for the Treatment Of Diabetes
• Oral Drugs
• Adjunctive Agents
• Noninsulin Injectable Agents
• Acute Complications of Poor Glycemic Control
• Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State
• Glucagon for Treatment of Severe Hypoglycemia
• Chapter 61. Drugs for Thyroid Disorders
• Thyroid Physiology
• Thyroid Function Tests
• Thyroid Pathophysiology
• Thyroid Hormone Preparations for Hypothyroidism
• Drugs for Hyperthyroidism
• Chapter 62. Drugs Related to Hypothalamic and Pituitary Function
• Overview of Hypothalamic and Pituitary Endocrinology
• Growth Hormone
• Prolactin
• Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin)
• Drugs for Acromegaly
• Chapter 63. Drugs for Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex
• Physiology of the Adrenocortical Hormones
• Pathophysiology of the Adrenocortical Hormones
• Agents for Replacement Therapy in Adrenocortical Insufficiency
• Agents for Diagnosing Adrenocortical Disorders
• Unit IX: Women’s Health
• Chapter 64. Estrogens and Progestins: Basic Pharmacology and Noncontraceptive Applications
• The Menstrual Cycle
• Estrogens
• Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
• Phytoestrogens
• Progestins
• Menopausal Hormone Therapy
• Chapter 65. Birth Control
• Effectiveness of Birth Control Methods
• Selecting a Birth Control Method
• Oral Contraceptives
• Combination Contraceptives with Novel Delivery Systems
• Long-Acting Contraceptives
• Spermicides
• Drugs for Medical Abortion
• Chapter 66. Drug Therapy for Infertility
• Infertility: Causes and Treatment Strategies
• Drugs Used to Treat Female Infertility
• Chapter 67. Drugs That Affect Uterine Function
• Drugs for Preterm Labor
• Drugs for Cervical Ripening and Induction of Labor
• Drugs for Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Drugs for Menorrhagia
• Unit X: Men’s Health
• Chapter 68. Androgens
• Testosterone
• Clinical Pharmacology of the Androgens
• Androgen Preparations for Male Hypogonadism
• Androgen (Anabolic Steroid) Abuse
• Chapter 69. Drugs for Male Sexual Dysfunction and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
• Male Sexual Dysfunction
• Erectile Dysfunction
• Physiology Of Erection
• Oral Drugs For Erectile Dysfunction: PDE5 Inhibitors
• Nonoral Drugs For Erectile Dysfunction
• Premature Ejaculation
• Pathophysiology
• Drug Therapy For Premature Ejaculation
• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
• Pathophysiology
• Treatment Modalities
• Unit XI: Antiinflammatory, Antiallergic, and Immunologic Drugs
• Chapter 70. Review of the Immune System
• Introduction to the Immune System
• Antibody-Mediated (Humoral) Immunity
• Cell-Mediated Immunity
• Chapter 71. Childhood Immunization
• General Considerations
• Target Diseases
• Specific Vaccines and Toxoids
• Experimental Vaccines
• Chapter 72. Immunosuppressants
• Calcineurin Inhibitors
• mTOR Inhibitors
• Glucocorticoids
• Cytotoxic Drugs
• Antibodies
• Chapter 73. Antihistamines
• Histamine
• The Two Types of Antihistamines: H1 Antagonists and H2 Antagonists
• Histamine1 Antagonists I: Basic Pharmacology
• Histamine1 Antagonists II: Preparations
• Chapter 74. Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors: Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and Acetaminophen
• Mechanism of Action
• Classification of Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
• First-Generation NSAIDs
• Second-Generation NSAIDs (COX-2 Inhibitors, Coxibs)
• Acetaminophen
• AHA Statement on the use of COX Inhibitors for Chronic Pain
• Chapter 75. Glucocorticoids in Nonendocrine Disorders
• Review of Glucocorticoid Physiology
• Pharmacology of Glucocorticoids
• Unit XII: Drugs for Bone and Joint Disorders
• Chapter 76. Drug Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Pathophysiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Overview of Therapy
• Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
• Glucocorticoids
• Conventional (Traditional) Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
• Biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
• Interleukin-6 Receptor Antagonists
• Chapter 77. Drug Therapy for Gout
• Pathophysiology of Gout
• Overview of Drug Therapy
• Drugs for Acute Gout Flares
• Drugs For Hyperuricemia (Urate-Lowering Therapy)
• Chapter 78. Drugs Affecting Calcium Levels and Bone Mineralization
• Calcium Physiology
• Calcium-Related Pathophysiology
• Drugs for Disorders Involving Calcium and Bone Mineralization
• Osteoporosis
• Unit XIII: Respiratory Tract Drugs
• Chapter 79. Drugs for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Basic Considerations
• Antiinflammatory Drugs
• Bronchodilators
• Combination Drugs
• Management of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Chapter 80. Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis, Cough, and Colds
• Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis
• Drugs for Cough
• Cold Remedies: Combination Preparations
• Unit XIV: Gastrointestinal Drugs
• Chapter 81. Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease
• Pathogenesis of Peptic Ulcers
• Overview of Treatment
• Antibacterial Drugs
• Histamine2 Receptor Antagonists
• Proton Pump Inhibitors
• Other Antiulcer Drugs
• Chapter 82. Laxatives
• General Considerations
• Basic Pharmacology of Laxatives
• Laxative Abuse
• Chapter 83. Other Gastrointestinal Drugs
• Antiemetics
• Drugs for Motion Sickness
• Antidiarrheal Agents
• Drugs for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Drugs for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Prokinetic Agents
• Palifermin
• Pancreatic Enzymes
• Drugs used to Dissolve Gallstones
• Anorectal Preparations
• Unit XV: Nutrition and Complementary Therapy
• Chapter 84. Vitamins
• What are Vitamins?
• Basic Considerations
• Fat-Soluble Vitamins
• Water-Soluble Vitamins
• Chapter 85. Drugs for Weight Loss
• Assessment of Weight-Related Health Risk
• Pathophysiology
• Overview of Obesity Treatment
• Weight-Loss Drugs
• A Note Regarding Drugs for Weight Loss
• Chapter 86. Complementary and Alternative Therapy
• Regulation of Dietary Supplements
• Private Quality Certification Programs
• Standardization of Herbal Products
• Adverse Interactions with Conventional Drugs
• Some Commonly Used Dietary Supplements
• Harmful Supplements to Avoid
• Unit XVI: Drugs for Infectious Diseases
• Chapter 87. Basic Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
• Selective Toxicity
• Classification of Antimicrobial Drugs
• Acquired Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs
• Selection of Antibiotics
• Host Factors that Modify Drug Choice, Route of Administration, or Dosage
• Dosage and Duration of Treatment
• Therapy with Antibiotic Combinations
• Prophylactic use of Antimicrobial Drugs
• Misuses of Antimicrobial Drugs
• Monitoring Antimicrobial Therapy
• Chapter 88. Drugs That Weaken the Bacterial Cell Wall I: Penicillins
• Introduction to the Penicillins
• Properties of Individual Penicillins
• Chapter 89. Drugs That Weaken the Bacterial Cell Wall II: Other Drugs
• Cephalosporins
• Carbapenems
• Other Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis
• Lipoglycoproteins
• Chapter 90. Bacteriostatic Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis: Tetracyclines, Macrolides, and Others
• Tetracyclines
• Macrolides
• Other Bacteriostatic Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis
• Chapter 91. Aminoglycosides: Bactericidal Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis
• Basic Pharmacology of the Aminoglycosides
• Properties of Individual Aminoglycosides
• Chapter 92. Sulfonamide Antibiotics and Trimethoprim
• Sulfonamides
• Trimethoprim
• Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
• Chapter 93. Drug Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections
• Organisms that Cause Urinary Tract Infections
• Specific Urinary Tract Infections and Their Treatment
• Urinary Tract Antiseptics
• Chapter 94. Antimycobacterial Agents
• Drugs for Tuberculosis
• Drugs for Leprosy (Hansen Disease)
• Drugs for Mycobacterium Avium Complex Infection
• Chapter 95. Miscellaneous Antibacterial Drugs
• Fluoroquinolones
• Additional Antibacterial Drugs
• Chapter 96. Antifungal Agents
• Drugs for Systemic Mycoses
• Drugs for Superficial Mycoses
• Chapter 97. Antiviral Agents I: Drugs for Non-HIV Viral Infections
• Drugs for Infection with Herpes Simplex Viruses and Varicella-Zoster Virus
• Drugs for Cytomegalovirus Infection
• Viral Hepatitis
• Drugs for Influenza
• Drugs for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis
• Chapter 98. Antiviral Agents II: Drugs for HIV Infection and Related Opportunistic Infections
• Pathophysiology
• Classification of Antiretroviral Drugs
• Drug Interactions
• Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
• Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
• Protease Inhibitors
• Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors
• HIV Fusion Inhibitors
• CCR5 Antagonists
• Post-Attachment Inhibitors
• Management of HIV Infection
• Preventing HIV Infection with Drugs
• Prophylaxis and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections
• Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
• HIV Vaccines
• Keeping Current
• Chapter 99. Drug Therapy for Sexually Transmitted Infections
• Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections
• Gonococcal Infections
• Nongonococcal Urethritis
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
• Acute Epididymitis
• Syphilis
• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
• Bacterial Vaginosis
• Trichomoniasis
• Chancroid
• Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
• Proctitis
• Anogenital Warts
• Making Sense of Treatment
• Chapter 100. Antiseptics and Disinfectants
• General Considerations
• Properties of Individual Antiseptics and Disinfectants
• Hand Hygiene for Healthcare Workers
• Unit XVII: Drugs for Parasitic Diseases
• Chapter 101. Anthelmintics
• Classification of Parasitic Worms
• Helminthic Infestations
• Drugs of Choice for Helminthiasis
• Chapter 102. Antiprotozoal Drugs I: Antimalarial Agents
• Life Cycle of the Malaria Parasite
• Types of Malaria
• Principles of Antimalarial Therapy
• Pharmacology of the Major Antimalarial Drugs
• Chapter 103. Antiprotozoal Drugs II: Miscellaneous Agents
• Protozoal Infections
• Drugs of Choice for Protozoal Infections
• Chapter 104. Ectoparasiticides
• Ectoparasitic Infestations
• Pharmacology of Ectoparasiticides
• Unit XVIII: Cancer Therapy
• Chapter 105. Basic Principles of Cancer Therapy
• What is Cancer?
• The Growth Fraction and its Relationship to Chemotherapy
• Obstacles to Successful Chemotherapy
• Strategies for Achieving Maximum Benefits from Chemotherapy
• Major Toxicities of Chemotherapeutic Drugs
• Making the Decision to Treat
• Looking Ahead
• Chapter 106. Anticancer Drugs I: Cytotoxic Agents
• Introduction to the Cytotoxic Anticancer Drugs
• Alkylating Agents
• Platinum Compounds
• Antimetabolites
• Hypomethylating Agents
• Antitumor Antibiotics
• Mitotic Inhibitors
• Topoisomerase Inhibitors
• Miscellaneous Cytotoxic Drugs
• Chapter 107. Anticancer Drugs II: Noncytotoxic Agents
• Drugs for Breast Cancer
• Drugs for Prostate Cancer
• Targeted Anticancer Drugs
• Immunostimulants
• Unit XIX: Drugs For Eyes, Ears, And Skin
• Chapter 108. Drugs for Eye Conditions and Diseases
• Drugs for Glaucoma
• Cycloplegics and Mydriatics
• Drugs for Allergic Conjunctivitis
• Drugs for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
• Additional Ophthalmic Drugs
• Chapter 109. Drugs for Skin Conditions
• Anatomy of the Skin
• Topical Drug Formulations
• Topical Glucocorticoids
• Keratolytic Agents
• Acne
• Drugs for Rosacea
• Sunscreens
• Psoriasis
• Drugs for Actinic Keratoses
• Drugs for Atopic Dermatitis
• Agents for Wart Removal
• Drugs for Miscellaneous Skin and Hair Conditions
• Skin Infections and Infestations
• Local Anesthetics
• Chapter 110. Drugs for Ear Conditions
• Anatomy of the Ear
• Otitis Media and its Management
• Acute Otitis Externa
• Unit XX: Toxicology
• Chapter 111. Management of Poisoning
• Fundamentals of Treatment
• Drugs and Procedures used to Minimize Poison Absorption
• Drugs and Procedures used for Poison Removal
• Specific Antidotes
• Poison Control Centers
• Chapter 112. Potential Weapons of Biologic, Radiologic, and Chemical Terrorism
• Bacteria and Viruses
• Biotoxins
• Chemical Weapons
• Radiologic Weapons
• Appendix A. Canadian Drug Information
• Canadian Drug Legislation
• Prescription Drugs (Schedule F)
• Cannabis in Canada
• Nonprescription Medications—National Drug Schedules
• New Drug Development in Canada
• Patent Laws
• Drug Advertising
• International System of Units
• Drug Serum Concentrations
• Further Reading
• Appendix B. Prototype Drugs and Their Major Uses
• Peripheral Nervous System Drugs
• Central Nervous System Drugs
• Diuretics
• Drugs That Affect the Heart, Blood Vessels, and Blood
• Drugs for Endocrine Disorders
• Women’s Health
• Men’s Health
• Antiinflammatory, Antiallergic, and Immunologic Drugs
• Drugs for Bone and Joint Disorders
• Respiratory Tract Drugs
• Gastrointestinal Drugs
• Drugs for Weight Loss
• Drugs for Bacterial Infections
• Drugs for Fungal Infections
• Drugs for Viral Infections
• Drugs for Parasitic Diseases
• Anticancer Drugs: Cytotoxic Agents
• Anticancer Drugs: Hormonal Agents, Targeted Drugs, and Other Noncytotoxic Anticancer Drugs
• Other Important Drugs
• Drugs for Hereditary Angioedema
• Index
• Special Interest Topics