Efnisyfirlit

• Cover Page
• Title
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Introduction
• The Origins and Foundations of Modern Social Theory: 1750–1920
• Modern Social Theory Defined
• The Central Subject Matter of Social Theory
• 1 Political Change, the Feudal Dynamic and the Revolution in France
• The Fall of Feudalism and the Elimination of Social Distinctions
• 2 Economic Changes and the Development of Capitalism
• Depopulation, the Enclosure Movement and the Demographic Transfer of the Population
• The Growth of Town Economies
• Decline of the Guild System and the Beginning of Capitalist Development
• Management of the Problem Population: Unemployed Idle Laborers and the Dangerous Classes
• 3 The Dual Movement of Individualism and Industrialization
• Modern Social Thought and the Nineteenth Century Theories of Knowledge
• Classical Idealism
• Hegelian Idealism and the Theory of Historical Development
• Empiricism and the Growth of the Scientific Outlook
• The Development of Positivism
• 2 Karl Marx
• The Historical Context of Karl Marx’s Work
• Theoretical Influences on Marx’s view of Society and History: The Shift to Materialism
• Rejection of Hegel and Idealist Philosophy
• Materialism as a Theoretical Perspective
• The German Ideology
• Fundamental Aims of the Work and The Materialist Theory of History
• Means of Production
• Relations of Production
• Mode of Production, Forces of Production
• Laws of Historical Development: Different Forms of Ownership Over the Means of Production
• The Concept of Class and Class Structure
• Class Structure and the System of Social Relations
• The Concept of Class and the Relations of Subordination
• Marx’s Theory of Ideology
• The History of the Term in Hegel and Marx
• Definition of Ideology and its Material Origins
• The Five Building Blocks of Marx’s Theory of Ideology
• Explaining Contradictions
• Marx’s Economic Works: 1850–1867
• Marx, Capital and the Critique of Political Economy
• Marx’s Study of Capitalism:A Social and Historical Definition of Capitalism
• Capital, Vol. 1, Part A: Economic and Social Elements of Capitalism
• Commodities: Use Value and Exchange Value
• The Commensurability of Use with Exchange
• Consequences of Exchange on Social Relations
• Labor Theory of Value and the Dual Character of Labor Useful vs Abstract Labor
• Useful Labor
• Abstract Labor
• Capital Vol. 1, Part B: The Theory of Value
• The Origin of Value and the Value Form
• Relative and Equivalent Forms of Value
• Fetishism of Commodities
• Reification of Economy and Society
• Capital Vol. 1, Part C: Theory of Surplus Value
• Free Labor and the Emergence of Labor Power
• Surplus Labor, Surplus Value and the Maintenance of the Worker
• The History of Surplus Labor: The Working Day
• The Wage Form: Unpaid Labor
• Capital Vol. 1, Part D: The Genesis of Capitalism
• Primitive Accumulation
• The Stages of Primitive Accumulation
• Cooperation and Division of Labor
• Division of Labor: Simple and Complex Cooperation
• Theory of Alienation
• History of the Concept in Hegel
• Feuerbach’s Theory of Religious Alienation
• Marx’s Rejection of Feuerbach
• Marx’s theory of Alienation and the 1844 Manuscripts
• Marx’s Theory of Human Nature
• Alienation from the Product
• Alienation from Productive Activity
• Alienation from Species Activity
• Alienation from Fellow Humans
• Marx’s Political Writings
• History of Marx’s View of the State
• Hegel’s View of the State
• Marx and the Materialist Origins of the State: Base and Superstructure
• The Historical Origins of the Modern State: the Period of State Formation
• The State and Civil Society in Smith, Hegel and Marx
• Marx’s Dialectical View of History: The Theory of Development
• History of the Term ‘Dialectic’
• Hegel’s Dialectic
• Marx’s view of the Dialectic and his Theory of Development
• Difference Between Marx and Hegel in the Dialectical View of History
• Application of the Dialectic to History
• 3 Emile Durkheim
• The Historical Context of Emile Durkheim’s Work
• Theoretical Influences On Durkheim’s View of Society
• Auguste Comte’s Influence on Durkheim
• The Realist Perspective and the Study of Society
• The Problem of Individualism and the Utilitarian Theories of Society
• Individualist Theories of Society: Hobbes and Rousseau
• The Division of Labor in Society
• Central Thesis and Definition of the Division of Labor
• The Concept of Social Solidarity and Social Cohesion
• Characteristics of Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
• Characteristics of Organic Solidarity
• The Common Conscience and the Division of Labor
• System of Laws and Social Solidarity: Repressive and Restitutive Sanctions
• Penal Law and Repressive Sanctions
• Contract Law and Restitutive Sanctions
• Transition from Penal Law to Contract Law
• The Transition from Segmental Societies to Advanced Societies
• Main Causes of the Division of Labor
• The Proceess of Individualism and the Division of Labor
• Abnormal Developments in the Division of Labor: Anomie and the Forced Division of Labor
• The Rules of Sociological Method
• The Central Aims of the Rules
• Establishing the Existence of Social Realities Outside the Individual
• The Existence of Social Facts and their Differences from Individual Facts
• The Characteristics of Social Facts and Their Observation
• Problems in Observing Social Facts
• Collective Representations
• Social Morphology and the Classification of Social Types
• Durkheim’s Study of Suicide
• Historical Background and Central Thesis
• The Shift From a Psychological to a Social Theory of Suicide
• Opposition to Durkheim’s Argument and the ‘Corridor Incident’
• The Concept of the Social Suicide Rate
• Suicide and the Concept of Social Integration
• Suicide the Integrative Pole: Egoistic and Altruistic Suicide
• Religious Integration and Egoistic Suicide
• Family Integration and Egoistic Suicide
• Political Integration and Egoistic Suicide
• Explanation of Egoism and Egoistic Suicide
• Altruistic Suicide and Social Integration
• Military vs Civilian Suicides
• Suicide and the Regulative Pole:Anomic and
• Fatalistic Suicide
• Causes of Anomie and the Role Played by the Economy
• History of the Term Anomie
• Fatalistic Suicide
• The Elementary Form of the Religious Life
• The Historical Context of the Work
• Fundamental Aims of the Study
• Central Argument: Durkheim’s Search for a Definition of Religion
• Search for the Most Elementary Religion: The Totem Tribes of Central Australia
• The Totem and the Social Classification of the Universe: The Fundamental Organizing Principle
• The Two Phases of Social Life: Effervescent Assemblies and the Birth of the ‘Religious’
• The Material Effects of Religious Enactments
• Durkheim’s Theory of the Social Origin of the Categories of Understanding
• Durkheim’s Opposition to Philosophy
• Durkheim’s Theory of the Categories and his Opposition to Kant and Hume
• Durkheim’s Evidence for the Social Origins of the Categories: Space as a Social Category
• Durkheim’s Evidence: Time as a Social Category
• Durkheim’s Evidence: The Social Origin of the Concept of Cause
• Durkheim’s Theory of the Categories of Understanding: Criticism and Debate
• Warren Schmaus’View of Durkheim’s Theory of the Categories
• Anne Rawls’View of Durkheim’s Theory of the Categories
• The Debate Between Schmaus and Rawls on the Origins of the Categories
• Durkheim’s Battle with Classical Rationalism: The Critique of Philosophy
• 4 Max Weber
• The Historical Context of Max Weber’s Work
• Weber’s Theoretical Perspective and Fundamental Themes in his Work
• Weber’s Difference From Marx
• Weber’s View of History and the Continuity of Civilization Processes
• The Theme of Rationalization in Weber’s Work
• Rationalization Defined
• Rationalization and Religious World Views Calculation and the Process of Rationalization
• The Distinction between Rationality and Rationalization
• The Theme of Capitalism in Weber’s Work
• General Economic History
• Economic Background
• The Role of the Guilds in Capitalist Development
• The Non-Economic Factors in Capitalist Development
• Rational Capitalism and the Growth of the ‘Gain Spirit’
• Weber’s Theory of Social Classes and Status Groups
• Weber’s Theory of Social Class: Class and the Market Situation
• Action Flowing from Class Interests
• Class Antagonism and Historical Types of Class Struggle
• Weber’s Concept of the Status Group: The Separation of Status from Class
• Characteristics of Status Groups
• Political Parties
• The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
• Weber’s Central Thesis and Fundamental Aims of the Study
• The Escape of Asceticism from the Religious Cage and the Impact on Economic Activity
• The ‘Spirit’of Capitalism Defined
• Distinctiveness of the ‘Spirit’in Modern Capitalism: Traditional vs Modern Capitalism
• Calvinism and Capitalism
• Effects of Calvin’s Doctrine on Conduct in the World: Psychological Sanctions and Inner Worldly Asceticism
• The Link Between Salvation Theology and the Commercial Spirit
• Asceticism, Capitalism and the Transformation of the ‘Calling’
• Weber’s Methodology and the Theory of Knowledge in the Social Sciences
• Historical and Philosophic Background of Weber’s Methodology
• Wilhelm Windelband’s Criticism of the Natural Sciences
• Heinrich Rickert and the Theory of Knowledge in the Social and Historical Sciences
• Theories of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences: Facts vs Values
• Controversy Over Methods in the Natural and Social Sciences: The Methodenstreit of the 1880’s
• Weber’s Contribution to the Methodological Controversy
• Weber’s Concept of the ‘Ideal Type’
• Weber’s Theory of Social Action
• Two Types of Understanding: Weber’s Interpretive Theory of Action
• Social Action and the Concept of Rationality
• Four Types of Social Action and Their Forms of Rationality Traditional Action
• Affectual (Emotional) Action
• Value Rational Action
• Instrumental Rational Action
• The Theory of Legitimate Domination:Weber’s Political Writings
• The Concept of Political Authority, Legitimacy and Administrative Apparatus
• Charismatic Domination
• Charismatic Domination and Administration
• Traditional Domination
• Patrimonial and Patriarchal Forms of Administration
• Patriarchal Authority and the Power of the Edict
• Legal Domination
• Statute vs the Edict
• Weber’s Study of Bureaucracy
• Historical Context of Bureaucracy
• Distinction between Administratively Oriented Societies and Bureaucratic Societies
• Historical Factors Leading to Bureaucratization
• Key Concepts in Weber’s Study of Bureaucracy: System of Rationality and Means and Ends
• The Technical Superiority of Bureaucracy
• Characteristics of Bureaucracy
• Concept of the ‘Office’in Bureaucratic Organization
• Bureaucracy and Law
• Leveling of Social Differences
• Consequences of Bureaucracy
• Glossary of Concepts
• Marx
• Durkheim
• Weber
• Bibliography
• Index