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• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Author
• PART I. INTRODUCTION TO THE MEDIA
• Chapter 1. Living in a Media World: An Introduction to Mass Communication
• The Four Levels of Communication
• Intrapersonal Communication
• Interpersonal Communication
• Group Communication
• Mass Communication
• Understanding Our Media World
• The Cognitive Dimension
• The Emotional Dimension
• The Aesthetic Dimension
• The Moral Dimension
• Models of Mass Communication
• Transmission Model
• Ritual Model
• Publicity Model
• Reception Model
• Evolution of the Media World
• • Test Your Media Literacy: Can Television Take Anything Seriously?
• Online and Mobile Media: Interactive Communication
• The Seven Secrets About the Media “They” Don’t Want You to Know 2.0
• SECRET 1: The Media Are Essential Components of Our Lives
• SECRET 2: There Are No Mainstream Media (MSM)
• SECRET 3: Everything From the Margin Moves to the Center
• SECRET 4: Nothing Is New: Everything That Happened in the Past Will Happen Again
• SECRET 5: All Media Are Social
• SECRET 6: Online Media Are Mobile Media
• SECRET 7: There Is No “They”
• Chapter Review
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• Chapter 2. Mass Communication Effects: How Society and Media Interact
• The Evolution of Media Effects Research
• The Limited Effects Model
• Effects of Media in Our Lives
• Message Effects
• Attitudinal Effects
• Behavioral Effects
• Psychological Effects
• Medium Effects
• Ownership Effects
• Active Audience Effects
• Media and Society
• Surveillance of the Environment
• Correlation of Different Elements of Society
• Socialization and Transmission of Culture
• Our Interactions With Media
• Uses and Gratifications Theory
• Symbolic Interactionism
• Cultivation Analysis
• The Critical/Cultural Approach
• • Test Your Media Literacy: Agenda Setting Versus Critical/Cultural Theory
• Media and Body Image
• Chapter Review
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• Chapter 3. The Media Business: Consolidation, Globalization, and the Long Tail
• The U.S. Media Industry
• The Growth of National News
• Big Media: The Legacy Conglomerates
• Disney: The Mouse That Grew and Grew
• News Corporation and Fox: A Worldwide Giant Downsizes
• WarnerMedia: Back to Basics
• ViacomCBS: Together Again
• Bertelsmann: The World’s Largest Publisher
• Big Media: The New Players
• Comcast/NBCUniversal: Cable Buys Broadcaster
• Alphabet: Google and Company
• • Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Google Doodles
• Apple: Reinventing the Media
• Media Economics and the Long Tail
• Characteristics of the Long Tail
• Consequences of the Long Tail
• Big Players in the Long Tail
• Chapter Review
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• PART II. LEGACY MEDIA
• Chapter 4. Books: The Birth of the Mass Media
• Books and Mass Communication
• A Demand for Books
• Books and Mass Culture
• Spreading Ideas Through Publishing
• The Development of Large-Scale, Mass-Produced Books
• Buying and Selling Books
• Publishers
• Writers
• Booksellers
• Books and Culture
• The Role of Libraries in Culture
• Books and Censorship
• • Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Graphic Novels
• The Future of Books
• From Clay, to Paper, to Electronic
• Print on Demand
• Chapter Review
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• Chapter 5. The News Business: Reflection of a Democratic Society
• Inventing the Modern Press
• The Penny Press: Newspapers for the People
• A Modern Democratic Society
• Pulitzer, Hearst, and the Battle for New York City
• Magazines and the News
• Broadcast News
• News on the Radio
• Television News Goes 24/7
• The News Business
• National and Metropolitan Newspapers
• Local and Community News
• News Media, Identity, and Political Bias
• Gans’s Basic Journalistic Values
• From Where Do People Get Their News?
• Fake News
• Patriotism and the Press
• The Ethnic Press
• The Future of News
• • Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Comic Strip Tells Story of Syrian Refugee Family
• Chapter Review
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• Chapter 6. Audio: Music and Talk Across Media
• The History of Audio Recording and Transmission
• A New Way of Publishing Music
• The Birth of Radio: Transmitting Music and Talk
• From Radio’s Golden Age to the Television Age
• Becoming a Companion Medium
• Radio’s New Look: HD and Satellite
• Streaming Audio
• • Test Your Media Literacy: Smart Speakers
• Podcasting
• Music, Youth Culture, and Society
• Blending Black and White Musical Traditions
• The Changing Face of Popular Music
• Finding a Niche: Popular Radio Formats
• Concerns About Effects of Music on Young People
• Changing the Musical Experience: From Social Music to Personal Soundtracks
• Music and the Long Tail: The Future of Sound
• New Economic Models for the Music Industry
• Chapter Review
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• Chapter 7. Movies: Mass Producing Entertainment
• The Development of Movies
• The Earliest Filmmakers
• The Studio System
• Talking Pictures
• The Blacklist
• Television and the Movies
• The Blockbuster Movie Era
• Movie Viewership in the Digital Era
• Digital Production and Projection
• What Makes a Movie Profitable?
• Where Are Movies Made?
• Movies and Society
• • Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Does It Look As If Women Have Major Film Roles?
• Problematic Depictions of Race
• The Production Code: Protecting the Movies From Censorship
• The Ratings System
• The Long Tail and the Future of Movies
• Declining Ticket Sales
• Chapter Review
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• Chapter 8. Television and Video: Broadcast and Beyond
• Broadcast Television
• The Beginning of Broadcasting
• Cable and Satellite Television
• Ted Turner’s Cable TV Empire
• Digital Television: HDTV and DVRs
• The Changing Business of Television
• Defining Ratings
• An Earthquake in Slow Motion
• Diversity on Television
• Television and Society
• How Do Viewers Use Television?
• Standards for Television
• • Test Your Media Literacy: No Sense of Place
• The Problem of Decency
• Redefining Television in the Twenty-First Century
• The Earthquake in Slow Motion Continues
• Chapter Review
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• PART III. DIGITAL AND GLOBAL MEDIA
• Chapter 9. Online and Mobile Media
• The Development of the Internet
• ARPAnet
• Connecting Incompatible Networks
• Email
• Texting and Direct Messaging
• Tim Berners-Lee: Inventor of the World Wide Web
• Openness and Accessibility on the Internet
• Searching on the World Wide Web
• Going Mobile
• Online Media: Blogs, Podcasts, and Streaming
• • Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Humans of New York
• Longtail Content
• The Internet and Society: Hacker Ethic
• Hacking the 2016 Presidential Election
• The Notion of Cyberspace
• The Internet and Society: Our Online World
• Conflicts Over Digital Media
• Convergence of Old and New Media
• Everything Is Data
• Chapter Review
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• Chapter 10. Social Media and Video Games: Becoming Part of the Story
• Social Media: Sharing Our Lives Online
• YouTube
• Facebook
• Instagram
• Snapchat
• Twitter
• TikTok
• Development of Video Games
• • Test Your Media Literacy: Should the President Be Active on Social Media?
• Atari Popularizes Video Games
• Importance of Arcades
• Nintendo Revives Home Console Market
• Sony PlayStation and Microsoft Xbox
• Conflicts Over Video Games
• Pokémon
• Video Games as Mass Communication
• Video Games as a Spectator Sport
• Video Games in Contemporary Culture
• Diversity and Representation in Video Games
• Chapter Review
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• Chapter 11. Global Media: Communication Around the World
• Media Ideals Around the World
• Authoritarian Theory
• Communist Theory
• Libertarian Theory
• Social Responsibility Theory
• Norms for the Press in the Twenty-First Century
• Going Global: Media Standards Around the World
• Are We Really Living in a Media World?
• Media in Canada, Western Europe, and Great Britain
• Charlie Hebdo, the Danish Cartoons, and Terrorism
• Privacy Law in Europe
• Media in Central and Latin America
• Media in Islamic Countries and the Middle East
• The Importance of “Small” Media
• Old and New Media in the Islamic World
• Al Jazeera
• Media in Africa
• Media in Russia and the Former Soviet Republics
• Media in Asia
• • Test Your Media Literacy: How Free Are the World’s Media to Report the News?
• Chapter Review
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• PART IV. STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION
• Chapter 12. Advertising: Selling a Message
• Creation of the Advertising Industry
• The Growth of Brand Names
• Advertising-Supported Media
• The Advertising Business
• The Client
• The Agency
• The Media
• The Audience
• • Test Your Media Literacy: Target’s Targeting
• Contemporary Culture in Advertising
• Debunking Subliminal Advertising
• When Advertisements Are More Important Than the Program
• The Long Tail and the Future of Advertising
• Social Marketing
• Integrated Marketing Communication
• From Advertorials to Native Advertising
• Is Anyone Watching Television Ads?
• Mobile Advertising
• Product Placement
• Social Chicken Sandwiches
• Chapter Review
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• Chapter 13. Public Relations: Interactions, Relationships, and the News
• The Growth of Public Relations
• World War I: The Federal Government Starts Using Public Relations
• • Test Your Media Literacy: False Reports Garner Publicity
• Public Relations Becomes a Profession
• The Business of Public Relations
• The Public Relations Process
• The Publics
• Crisis Communication
• Public Relations Goes Online
• Social Media—Interacting Directly With Your Publics
• IMC & Coca-Cola Freestyle
• Public Relations and Society
• Spin Control: A More Personal Form of Public Relations
• Public Relations and the Civil Rights Movement
• Chapter Review
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• PART V. REGULATION AND CONTROL OF THE MEDIA
• Chapter 14. Media Law: Free Speech and Fairness
• The Development of a Free Press
• The Roots of American Free Speech
• Limits on Free Speech
• Libel and Protection of Individuals
• Truth, Privilege, and Opinion
• New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
• Libel and Public Figures
• Libel and Social Media
• Recent Libel Cases
• Invasion of Privacy
• Social Media and Privacy
• Privacy and Your Smartphone
• Free Press/Fair Trial
• Cameras in the Courtroom
• • Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Should Legal Protections Extend to Offensive Speech?
• Controlling the Press
• Prior Restraint
• Journalists and the Police
• Free Speech and Students
• Obscenity
• Copyright and Regulation of the Media Industry
• The Rise and Fall of Broadcast Regulation
• Chapter Review
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• Chapter 15. Media Ethics: Truthfulness, Fairness, and Standards of Decency
• Ethical Principles and Decision Making
• Aristotle: Virtue and the Golden Mean
• Kant: The Categorical Imperative
• • Test Your Visual Media Literacy: “It Was Such a Violent Collision”
• John Stuart Mill: The Principle of Utility
• John Rawls: The Veil of Ignorance
• Hutchins Commission: Social Responsibility Ethics
• The Bok Model for Ethical Decision Making
• Truthfulness and the News
• Catching Fabrications
• Disclosing Conflicts of Interest
• Recognizing Fake News Is Consumer Responsibility
• Photos and the Truth
• Mistakes and Consequences in the News
• When News Moves Too Fast: Kobe Bryant’s Death
• There Is No “They”: Sago Mine Disaster
• Ethics Enforcement
• Ethics and Persuasive Communication
• Ethics in Public Relations
• Media and Representation
• Attacks on Women Through Online Media
• Representation and the Movies
• Chapter Review
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• Glossary
• Notes
• Index