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• Cover image
• Title Page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Contributors
• Foreword
• Preface
• References
• Acknowledgements
• Part One The midwife in context
• Chapter 1 The global midwife
• Introduction
• Global Challenges for Midwifery in the 2030 Era
• Gender, Inequality and Inequity
• Maternal Mortality and Morbidity
• Newborn Mortality
• Inequities Associated With Being a Mother
• The Impact of Modernization and Development
• Coverage and Skilled Attendance at Birth
• International Organizations
• The Place of the Midwife in the Global Context
• Important Considerations for Midwives Intending to Work Overseas
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 2 A history of the midwifery profession in the United Kingdom
• The Office of Midwife: A Female Domain
• The Midwife, the Church and the Law
• Advent of the Man-Midwife
• The Decline of the Midwife
• The Midwives Institute, Midwife Registration and Maternal Mortality
• The National Health Service, Maternity Care and the Midwife
• Further Legislative Frameworks: Nurses, Midwives and Health Visitors Act of 1979, Nursing and Midwifery Order 2001 and Beyond …
• Midwifery – Now and in the Future
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 3 Regulation of midwives
• Introduction
• Summary of the History of Legislation Regulating the Midwifery Profession
• Why Do We Have Regulation?
• How Does the NMC Work?
• Functions of the NMC
• Getting Registered
• Staying Registered
• NMC Revalidation for Nurses and Midwives
• Supervision of Midwives
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 4 Clinical governance and the midwife
• Clinical Governance: A Definition
• NHS Governance Systems
• Learning From Clinical Incidents: Human Factors Science
• The Impact of Public Inquiry on Clinical Governance in the UK
• The Pillars of Healthcare Governance
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 5 The midwife as a lifelong learner
• Introduction
• Midwifery Education – From Apprenticeship to Reflective Practice
• The Cost of Education
• Lifelong Learning
• After Qualification and Registration: Continuing Professional Development
• Future Developments: Degrees, Masters and PhD/APEL/APL
• Computers, E-Learning and the Net
• Learning and Development
• Learning
• New Approaches in Education
• Mentorship and the Midwife as a Role Model
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 6 Evidence-based practice and research for practice
• Introduction
• Defining Research and ‘Midwifery’ Research
• Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and Midwifery
• Process Steps to Improve Practice
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 7 Leadership and management in midwifery
• Introduction
• Why Leadership Matters to Midwifery
• Leadership: Traditional and Contemporary Thinking
• Leadership and Management in the NHS
• Implications for Midwifery Leadership
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 8 An introduction to ethics and midwifery practice
• Introduction
• What Is Ethics?
• Principles
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 9 The law and the midwife
• Introduction to the Law: the Courts and How Laws Are Made
• Litigation
• Negligence
• Developments in the Civil Law
• NHS Indemnity Schemes
• Consent
• Laws Regulating Pregnancy, Birth and Children
• Health and Safety Laws
• Legal Aspects of Record Keeping
• Medicines
• Complaints
• Statutory Duties
• The Duty of Quality
• Future Changes
• Miscellaneous Legal Issues of Relevance to the Midwife
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgement
• References
• Chapter 10 Pharmacology and the midwife
• Therapeutics in Pregnancy and Childbirth
• Drugs in Pregnancy
• Drug Administration and Absorption
• Drugs in Labour
• Legal Aspects
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgement
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Part Two Childbirth in context
• Chapter 11 Sociocultural and spiritual context of childbearing
• Introduction
• Cultural Competence, Culture and Ethnicity
• Midwives and Cultural Competence
• Family and Gender
• Religion and Spirituality
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 12 Psychological context of childbirth
• Introduction
• Psychological Adjustment Across the Perinatal Period
• Midwife–Woman Relationship
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 13 Sexuality
• Sexuality
• Sex During Pregnancy
• Sexuality and Labour
• Women Requiring Specialized Care
• Sex After Childbirth
• Breastfeeding and Sexuality
• Menopause
• Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 14 National Health Service policy and midwifery
• Introduction
• The Policy Context
• The Structure of the NHS
• Politics and Policy
• Determinants of Healthy Policy
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 15 Legal frameworks for the care of the child
• Introduction
• The Children Act 1989
• Content and Structure of the Children Act
• Support for Children and Families
• Family Support Services
• Adoption
• Children With Disabilities
• The Protection of Children
• Assessing Children ‘in Need’ and Their Families
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Part Three Public health, health promotion in the context of childbirth
• Chapter 16 Epidemiology
• Introduction
• Notifying and Registering Births
• Definitions and Sources of Data
• Mortality
• Maternal Mortality
• Stillbirth and Infant Mortality Rates
• Interpreting Differences in the Outcome of Pregnancy
• Care in Pregnancy and at Birth
• International Comparisons
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 17 Nutrition
• What Is Nutrition?
• Essential Nutrients and Functions
• The Importance of Good Nutrition Before and During Pregnancy
• Nutrition as a Therapeutic Intervention
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 18 Complementary therapies and natural remedies in pregnancy and birth
• Introduction
• Complementary Therapies Commonly Used in Pregnancy and Birth
• Midwives’ Responsibilities Regarding Complementary Therapies and Practice
• Midwives’ Responsibilities Regarding Independent Practitioners
• Midwives Using Complementary Therapies in Their Own Practice
• Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 19 Health promotion and education
• Introduction
• The Meaning of Health
• Models of Health
• Reducing Inequalities in Health
• What Is Health Promotion?
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 20 Preconception care
• Introduction
• Preconception Care Challenges
• Aims and Objectives of Preconception Care and Interventions
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Other websites
• Chapter 21 Education for parenthood
• Meeting Women’s Needs
• Empowering Women
• Reasons for Parents Attending Parenthood Education Classes
• The Importance of Educating Fathers for the Role of Birth Partner
• Content of Parenthood Education Programmes
• Effective Facilitation of Parenthood Education
• Aspects of the Group to Consider
• Modern Methods of Delivering Education
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 22 Physical preparation for childbirth and beyond, and the role of physiotherapy
• Introduction
• Exercise and Sport During Pregnancy
• Relaxation
• Postnatal Exercise and Advice
• Women’s Health Physiotherapy
• Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 23 Vulnerable women
• Introduction
• Domestic Violence and Abuse
• Substance Misuse (Alcohol and/or Drugs)
• Pregnant Teenagers
• Parents With Learning Disabilities/Intellectual Disability
• Black, Minority and Ethnic Women
• Poverty and Destitution
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Part Four The anatomy and physiology of fertility, embryology and fetal development
• Chapter 24 Anatomy of male and female reproduction
• Introduction
• The Pelvis
• Female Reproductive Anatomy
• Male Reproductive Anatomy
• Midwifery Implications
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 25 Female reproductive physiology
• Introduction
• Hypothalamic Control of Reproduction
• The Ovarian Cycle
• Cyclical Changes in Reproductive Organs
• Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 26 Genetics
• Introduction
• Genes, Chromosomes and DNA
• The Human Genome
• Cell Division
• Chromosomal Analysis and Anomalies
• Modes of Inheritance
• Origin of Genetic Diseases
• Assessment of Embryo and Fetus
• Genetic Counselling/Advice
• Screening for Risk Indicators
• Diagnostic Tests
• Applications of Genetics
• Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 27 Fertility and its control
• Resuming Sexual Relationships Following Childbearing
• Methods of Fertility Control
• Emergency Contraception
• Female Sterilization
• Male Contraception
• The Role of the Midwife in the Provision of Contraceptive Advice
• Special Groups
• References
• Chapter 28 Infertility and assisted conception
• Introduction
• Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority
• Causes of Infertility
• Outcome From IVF Treatments
• Stress and Infertility
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 29 Fertilization, embryo formation and feto-placental development
• Introduction
• Towards Fertilization – Sperm Capacitation
• Adaptations in the Maternal Brain, Ovary and Uterus
• The Corpus Luteum of Pregnancy
• Preparation for Implantation
• Blastocyst–Endometrial Communication
• Implantation – Endometrial Response
• Formation of the Cytotrophoblast Shell and Gestational Sac
• Histiotrophic Nutrition
• Conditions for Embryogenesis and Early Placental Formation
• Formation of Extraembryonic Fluid Compartments and Differentiation of the ICM
• The Secondary Yolk Sac
• The Deciduochorial Placenta
• From Embryo to Fetus
• The Definitive Placenta
• Lung Formation
• Feto-placental Circulation
• Maternal–Feto-placental Neurohormonal Interactions
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 30 The fetal skull
• Introduction
• Development of the Fetal Skull
• The External Structures of the Newborn Skull
• The Skull
• Internal Structures of the Fetal Skull
• Moulding of the Fetal Skull During Labour
• Injuries to the Fetal Skull and Surrounding Tissues
• Internal Injuries
• The Relevance of the Fetal Skull to Parents
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Part Five Pregnancy
• Chapter 31 Maternal neurohormonal and systemic adaptations to feto-placental development
• Introduction
• Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Adaptations
• Adaptations in Fluid Regulation
• Renal Haemodynamic Adaptations
• Hormonal Regulation of Maternal Cardiovascular Adaptations
• From Corpus Luteum to Placenta
• Cardiovascular Adaptations
• Adaptations in the Vascular Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System
• Ventilation
• Adaptations in the Mammary Glands/Breast
• Adaptations in the Reproductive Tract
• Maternal Neuroendocrine Adaptations to the Fertile Cycle: Synchronized Interactions and Interdependent Development of Mother and Fetus
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 32 Confirming pregnancy and care of the pregnant woman
• Introduction
• Confirmation of Pregnancy
• Antenatal Care
• The First Antenatal Visit
• Subsequent Antenatal Appointments
• Physiological Changes in Pregnancy
• Continuous Assessment of Maternal and Fetal Well-Being
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 33 Antenatal investigations
• Introduction
• Screening and Diagnosis
• Blood Tests
• Antenatal Maternal Blood Tests to Assess the Fetus
• Assessment of Fetal Well-Being
• Ultrasound
• Invasive Tests
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 34 Choice, childbearing and maternity care
• Introduction
• Choice Rhetoric and Maternity Care
• Where Do Women Give Birth?
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Part Six Labour and birth
• Chapter 35 Physiological changes from late pregnancy until the onset of lactation
• Introduction
• Maternal Autonomic and Neuroendocrine Adaptations
• Fetal Preparations for Labour
• The Fetal Adreno-Placental ‘Clock’
• Neuroendocrine and Central Oxytocin Systems From Late Pregnancy
• Nocturnal Myometrial Activation and Cervical Ripening
• From Late Pregnancy to Birth
• Maternal–Fetal Readiness for Labour
• From Utero-Placenta Circulation to Mammary Secretions
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 36 Care in the first stage of labour
• Introduction
• The Continuum of Labour
• Characteristics of Labour
• Physiology of Labour
• Care During the First Stage of Labour
• The Birth Environment
• Onset of Labour
• Observations
• General Midwifery Care in Labour
• Nutrition in Labour
• Assessing the Fetal Condition
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 37 Care in the second stage of labour
• Introduction
• Signs of Progress
• Physiology of the Active Second Stage of Labour
• Mechanism of Labour
• Duration of the Second Stage of Labour
• Positions in the Second Stage of Labour
• Midwifery Care
• Other Midwifery Techniques
• Preparation for the Birth
• The Activities of the Midwife During the Birth
• Observations and Recordings
• Future Research in This Area
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 38 Supporting choices in reducing pain and fear during labour
• Introduction
• An Exploration of Pain in Labour
• Fear and Other Psychological Elements Related to Pain
• Cultural Aspect of Pain
• Complementary and Alternative Therapies
• Pharmacological Pain Relief
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 39 Care in the third stage of labour
• Introduction
• Physiology of the Third Stage
• Management of the Third Stage of Labour
• Care After Birth (the Fourth Stage)
• Records
• Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 40 The pelvic floor
• Introduction and Background
• The Pelvic Floor
• Considerations for Midwifery Practice
• Perineal Trauma
• Midwives’ Duties and Responsibilities
• Episiotomy (Surgical Incision)
• The Principles of Perineal Repair
• Systematic Assessment of Perineal Trauma
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Part Seven Postnatal care and the care of the newborn baby
• Chapter 41 Content and organization of postnatal care
• Introduction
• Aims of Postnatal Care
• Care of Women’s Health During the Postnatal Period
• Care of Women’s Psychological Health
• The Role of Health Professionals During the Postnatal Period
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgement
• References
• Chapter 42 Physiology, assessment and care of the newborn
• Introduction
• Applied Physiology
• Care at Birth
• Examination of the Newborn
• Physical Assessment of the Newborn
• Postnatal Care
• Metabolic Diseases
• Follow-Up of the Baby
• Record-Keeping
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 43 Thermoregulation
• Introduction
• Physiology of Thermoregulation
• The Role of the Midwife
• Monitoring and Maintaining Temperature
• Minimizing the Risks of Hypothermia
• The Sick Neonate
• Equipment
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 44 Infant feeding and relationship building
• Introduction
• Why Are BreastMilk and Breastfeeding so Important?
• Public Health and Infant Feeding
• The Baby Friendly Initiative
• Physiology of the Infant Gastrointestinal Tract
• Normal Neonatal Metabolism
• Constituents of Colostrum and BreastMilk
• Contraindications to Breastfeeding
• The Midwife’s Role in Supporting, Protecting and Promoting Breastfeeding and Helping a Mother to Build a Close and Loving Relationship With Her Baby
• Physiology of Lactation
• Common Problems
• Artificial Feeding
• The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Part Eight Women and babies with complex needs
• Chapter 45 The preterm baby and the small baby
• Introduction
• Prematurity
• Problems of the Preterm Baby
• Low BirthWeight
• Long-Term Complications in the Preterm and Low-Birth-Weight Baby
• Caring for the Family of the Preterm or Low-Birth-Weight Baby
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 46 Respiratory and cardiac disorders
• Introduction
• Normal Respiratory and Cardiac Development
• Resuscitation of the Newborn
• Respiratory Disorders in the Newborn
• Cardiac Abnormalities
• Parental Care
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 47 Neonatal jaundice
• Introduction
• Physiology
• Physiological Jaundice
• Evaluation of Jaundice
• Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
• Prolonged Jaundice
• Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
• The Role of the Midwife With the Parents
• Follow-Up
• The Future
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 48 Neonatal infection
• Introduction
• Acquisition of Infection
• Newborn Immunity
• Infections Acquired Around the Time of Birth
• Localized superficial infections
• Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 49 Congenital anomalies, neonatal surgery and pain management
• Introduction
• Aetiology
• Fetal Surgery
• Abnormalities of the Alimentary Tract
• Disorders of the Respiratory System
• Disorders of the Central Nervous System
• Disorders of the Genitourinary System
• Kidney disorders
• Disorders of sexual development
• Chromosomal Abnormalities
• Abnormalities of the Skeletal System
• Neonatal Pain Management
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 50 Metabolic and endocrine disorders
• Introduction
• Glucose Homeostasis
• Disorders of Glucose Balance
• Disorders of Electrolyte Balance
• Neonatal Metabolic Screening
• Inborn Errors of Metabolism
• Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 51 Stillbirth and sudden infant death syndrome
• Introduction
• Terminology
• Incidence
• Incidence of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
• Risk Factors for Stillbirth and Neonatal Death
• Human Factors in Stillbirths
• Public Health Messages
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
• The Role of the Midwife in Reducing Sids
• Aftermath of a Baby Death
• Review of Perinatal Deaths
• Follow-Up Care
• Future Pregnancies
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 52 Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
• Introduction
• Aetiology
• Mild and Moderate Nausea and Vomiting
• Hyperemesis Gravidarum
• Psychosocial Impact
• Care and Management of Mild Symptoms
• Care and Management of Moderate to Severe Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy
• Eating Disorders and Vomiting in Pregnancy
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 53 Bleeding in pregnancy
• Introduction
• Bleeding Before the 24th Week of Pregnancy
• Implantation Bleeding
• Abortion
• Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Hydatidiform or Carneous Mole and Choriocarcinoma)
• Ectopic or Extrauterine Gestation
• Bleeding From Associated Conditions
• Bleeding After the 24th Week – Antepartum Haemorrhage
• Placenta Praevia
• Abruptio Placentae
• Vasa Praevia
• Management of Antepartum Haemorrhage and the Midwife’s Role
• Complications
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 54 Hypertensive and medical disorders in pregnancy
• Introduction
• Hypertensive Disorders
• Pre–Existing (Chronic) Hypertension
• Gestational Hypertension
• Pre-eclampsia
• Anaemia
• Haemoglobinopathies
• Cardiac Disorders
• Thyroid Disorders
• Renal Disorders
• Diabetes
• Respiratory Disorders
• Epilepsy
• Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
• Conclusion
• References
• Further Reading
• Chapter 55 Sexually transmitted infections
• Introduction
• Chlamydia
• Gonorrhoea
• Syphilis
• Herpes
• Genital Warts – Human Papilloma Virus
• Hepatitis B Virus
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Interventions During Pregnancy
• Ethical Principles for Midwives Relating to STI and HIV Screening and Treatment
• Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 56 Abnormalities of the genital tract
• Introduction
• Developmental Anomalies
• Displacements of the Uterus
• Pelvic Masses
• Female Genital Mutilation
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 57 Multiple pregnancy
• The Incidence of Multiple Births
• Facts About Multiples
• Determination of Zygosity
• Diagnosis of a Multiple Pregnancy
• Antenatal Screening
• Antenatal Preparation
• Complications Associated With a Multiple Pregnancy
• Fetal Abnormalities Associated With Monozygotic Twins
• Antenatal Care
• Intrapartum Care
• Postnatal Care
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 58 Preterm labour
• Introduction
• Epidemiology
• Prediction and Prevention of Preterm Labour
• Preterm Prelabour Rupture of the Membranes
• Management of Preterm Labour
• Treatment of Preterm Labour
• Effect on Families Following Preterm Birth and the Role of Community Midwife
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 59 Obstetric interventions
• Introduction
• Operative Vaginal Deliveries
• Caesarean Section
• Conclusion
• References
• Additional reading and resources
• Chapter 60 Induction of labour and prolonged pregnancy
• Induction of Labour
• Assessing the Need for Induction
• International Perspectives
• Prolonged Pregnancy
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 61 Rhythmic variations of labour
• Introduction
• Prolonged Labour
• Overefficient Uterine Action (Precipitate Labour)
• Tonic Uterine Action
• Cervical Dystocia
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and Additional Reading
• Chapter 62 Malpositions and malpresentations
• Introduction
• Identifying Malpositions and Malpresentations of the Fetus
• Incidence
• Clinical Assessment
• Malposition of the Occiput
• Malpresentations of the Fetus
• Postnatal and Neonatal Implications
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 63 Obstructed labour and uterine rupture
• Introduction
• Obstructed Labour
• Uterine Rupture
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 64 Shoulder dystocia
• Introduction
• Mechanism
• Incidence and Risk
• Manoeuvres for Management of Shoulder Dystocia
• Other Procedures
• Maternal Outcomes
• Birth Injury and Fetal Outcomes
• Notes and Record Keeping
• Education, Training and Development
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 65 Presentation and prolapse of the umbilical cord
• Introduction
• Causes
• Predisposing Factors
• Diagnosis
• Management of Cord Presentation
• Management of Cord Prolapse
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 66 Maternal morbidity following childbirth
• Introduction
• Role of Midwife
• Recognizing Maternal Morbidity
• Common Health Problems
• Longer Term Implications
• Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Considerations
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 67 Complications related to the third stage of labour
• Introduction
• Postpartum Haemorrhage
• Hypovolaemic Shock
• Prolonged Third Stage and Retained Placenta
• Acute Uterine Inversion
• Amniotic Fluid Embolism
• Psychological Considerations
• Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 68 Pregnancy loss and the death of a baby
• Introduction
• Understanding Loss and Grief
• Different Parental Responses in Bereavement
• Supporting Parents
• Breaking Bad News
• The Scan – the Diagnosis
• Miscarriage
• Termination of Pregnancy for Fetal Anomaly
• Labour When a Baby Has Died Due to Miscarriage or TOPFA
• Practical Considerations of Birth
• Involving Brothers and Sisters
• Family and Friends
• Organ Donation
• Postmortem Examination (Autopsy)
• Respectful Disposal
• Taking a Baby Home
• Registration of the Death
• Return Visit to the Hospital Unit
• Aftercare and the Months Ahead
• How Professionals Can Help
• Therapeutic Use of Ourselves
• Support and Training for Midwives Working in Partnership With Families
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 69 Maternal mental health and psychological issues
• Introduction
• A Global Perspective of Women’s Mental Health
• Violence Against Women
• Pregnancy, Childbirth and Mental Health
• Who Is ‘At Risk’?
• The Midwife’s Role in the Antenatal Period
• Risk of Suicide
• Common Maternal Mental Health Disorders
• Fear and Trauma in Labour and Birth
• Postnatal Period
• Medication During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
• Coordinated Maternity Care
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Chapter 70 Midwifery for the future…where next?
• Introduction
• The Future
• The Image of the Midwife
• Technology and Health
• The Midwife With Global Vision
• Conclusion
• References
• Resources and additional reading
• Index