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• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Preface
• Acknowledgement
• Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Measurement Systems
• 1.1. Introduction
• 1.2. Measurement Units
• 1.3. Measurement System Design
• 1.4. Measurement System Applications
• 1.5. Summary
• 1.6. Problems
• Chapter 2. Instrument Types and Performance Characteristics
• 2.1. Introduction
• 2.2. Review of Instrument Types
• 2.3. Static Characteristics of Instruments
• 2.4. Dynamic Characteristics of Instruments
• 2.5. Necessity for Calibration
• 2.6. Summary
• 2.7. Problems
• Chapter 3. Measurement Uncertainty
• 3.1. Introduction
• 3.2. Sources of Systematic Error
• 3.3. Reduction of Systematic Errors
• 3.4. Quantification of Systematic Errors
• 3.5. Sources and Treatment of Random Errors
• 3.6. Induced Measurement Noise
• 3.7. Techniques for Reducing Induced Measurement Noise
• 3.8. Summary
• 3.9. Problems
• Chapter 4. Statistical Analysis of Measurements Subject to Random Errors
• 4.1. Introduction
• 4.2. Mean and Median Values
• 4.3. Standard Deviation and Variance
• 4.4. Graphical Data Analysis Techniques—Frequency Distributions
• 4.5. Gaussian (Normal) Distribution
• 4.6. Standard Gaussian Tables (z-Distribution)
• 4.7. Standard Error of the Mean
• 4.8. Estimation of Random Error in a Single Measurement
• 4.9. Distribution of Manufacturing Tolerances
• 4.10. Chi-Squared (χ2) Distribution
• 4.11. Goodness of Fit to a Gaussian Distribution
• 4.12. Rogue Data Points (Data Outliers)
• 4.13. Student t-Distribution
• 4.14. Aggregation of Measurement System Errors
• 4.15. Summary
• 4.16. Problems
• Chapter 5. Calibration of Measuring Sensors and Instruments
• 5.1. Introduction
• 5.2. Principles of Calibration
• 5.3. Control of Calibration Environment
• 5.4. Calibration Chain and Traceability
• 5.5. Calibration Records
• 5.6. Summary
• 5.7. Problems
• Chapter 6. Data Acquisition and Signal Processing
• 6.1. Introduction
• 6.2. Preliminary Definitions
• 6.3. Sensor Signal Characteristics
• 6.4. Aliasing
• 6.5. Quantization
• 6.6. Analog Signal Processing
• 6.7. Passive Filters
• 6.8. Active Filters Using Op-Amps
• 6.9. Signal Amplification
• 6.10. Digital Filters
• 6.11. Summary
• 6.12. Exercises
• 6.13. Appendix
• Chapter 7. Variable Conversion
• 7.1. Introduction
• 7.2. Bridge Circuits
• 7.3. Resistance Measurement
• 7.4. Inductance Measurement
• 7.5. Capacitance Measurement
• 7.6. Current Measurement
• 7.7. Frequency Measurement
• 7.8. Phase Measurement
• 7.9. Summary
• 7.10. Problems
• Chapter 8. Measurement Signal Transmission
• 8.1. Introduction
• 8.2. Electrical Transmission
• 8.3. Pneumatic Transmission
• 8.4. Fiber Optic Transmission
• 8.5. Optical Wireless Telemetry (Open Air Path Transmission)
• 8.6. Radio Telemetry (Radio Wireless Transmission)
• 8.7. Digital Transmission Protocols
• 8.8. Summary
• 8.9. Problems
• Chapter 9. Display, Recording, and Presentation of Measurement Data
• 9.1. Introduction
• 9.2. Display of Measurement Signals
• 9.3. Recording of Measurement Data
• 9.4. Presentation of Data
• 9.5. Summary
• 9.6. Problems
• Chapter 10. Intelligent Devices
• 10.1. Introduction
• 10.2. Principles of Digital Computation
• 10.3. Intelligent Devices
• 10.4. Communication with Intelligent Devices
• 10.5. Summary
• 10.6. Problems
• Chapter 11. Measurement Reliability and Safety Systems
• 11.1. Introduction
• 11.2. Reliability
• 11.3. Safety Systems
• 11.4. Summary
• 11.5. Problems
• Chapter 12. Data Acquisition with LabVIEW
• 12.1. Introduction
• 12.2. Computer-Based DAQ
• 12.3. Acquisition of Data
• 12.4. National Instruments LabVIEW
• 12.5. Introduction to Graphical Programming in LabVIEW
• 12.6. Elements of the Tools Palette
• 12.7. Logic Operations in LabVIEW
• 12.8. Loops in LabVIEW
• 12.9. Case Structure in LabVIEW
• 12.10. DAQ Using LabVIEW
• 12.11. LabVIEW Implementation of Digital Filters
• 12.12. Summary
• 12.13. Exercises
• Chapter 13. Sensor Technologies
• 13.1. Introduction
• 13.2. Capacitive Sensors
• 13.3. Resistive Sensors
• 13.4. Magnetic Sensors
• 13.5. Hall Effect Sensors
• 13.6. Piezoelectric Transducers
• 13.7. Strain Gauges
• 13.8. Piezoresistive Sensors
• 13.9. Optical Sensors
• 13.10. Ultrasonic Transducers
• 13.11. Nuclear Sensors
• 13.12. Microsensors (MEMS Sensors)
• 13.13. Nanosensors (NEMS Sensors)
• 13.14. Summary
• 13.15. Problems
• Chapter 14. Temperature Measurement
• 14.1. Introduction
• 14.2. Thermoelectric Effect Sensors (Thermocouples)
• 14.3. Varying Resistance Devices
• 14.4. Semiconductor Devices
• 14.5. Radiation Thermometers
• 14.6. Thermography (Thermal Imaging)
• 14.7. Thermal Expansion Methods
• 14.8. Fiber-Optic Temperature Sensors
• 14.9. Color Indicators
• 14.10. Change of State of Materials
• 14.11. Intelligent Temperature-Measuring Instruments
• 14.12. MEMS Temperature Sensors
• 14.13. Choice between Temperature Transducers
• 14.14. Calibration of Temperature Transducers
• 14.15. Summary
• 14.16. Problems
• Chapter 15. Pressure Measurement
• 15.1. Introduction
• 15.2. Diaphragms
• 15.3. Capacitive Pressure Sensor
• 15.4. Fiber-Optic Pressure Sensors
• 15.5. Bellows
• 15.6. Bourdon Tube
• 15.7. Manometers
• 15.8. Resonant Wire Devices
• 15.9. Electronic Pressure Gauges
• 15.10. MEMS Pressure Sensors
• 15.11. Special Measurement Devices for Low Pressures (Vacuum Pressures)
• 15.12. High-Pressure Measurement (Greater than 7000 bar)
• 15.13. Intelligent Pressure Transducers
• 15.14. Differential Pressure-Measuring Devices
• 15.15. Selection of Pressure Sensors
• 15.16. Calibration of Pressure Sensors
• 15.17. Summary
• 15.18. Problems
• Chapter 16. Flow Measurement
• 16.1. Introduction
• 16.2. Mass Flow Rate
• 16.3. Volume Flow Rate
• 16.4. Intelligent Flowmeters
• 16.5. Choice between Flowmeters for Particular Applications
• 16.6. Calibration of Flowmeters
• 16.7. Summary
• 16.8. Problems
• Chapter 17. Level Measurement
• 17.1. Introduction
• 17.2. Dipsticks
• 17.3. Float Systems
• 17.4. Pressure-Measuring Devices (Hydrostatic Systems)
• 17.5. Capacitive Devices
• 17.6. Ultrasonic Level Gauge
• 17.7. Radar (Microwave) Sensors
• 17.8. Nucleonic (or Radiometric) Sensors
• 17.9. Vibrating Level Sensor
• 17.10. Intelligent Level-Measuring Instruments
• 17.11. Choice between Different Level Sensors
• 17.12. Calibration of Level Sensors
• 17.13. Summary
• 17.14. Problems
• Chapter 18. Mass, Force, and Torque Measurement
• 18.1. Introduction
• 18.2. Mass (Weight) Measurement
• 18.3. Force Measurement
• 18.4. Torque Measurement
• 18.5. Calibration of Mass-, Force-, and Torque-Measuring Sensors
• 18.6. Summary
• 18.7. Problems
• Chapter 19. Translational Motion, Vibration, and Shock Measurement
• 19.1. Introduction
• 19.2. Displacement
• 19.3. Velocity
• 19.4. Acceleration
• 19.5. Vibration
• 19.6. Shock
• 19.7. Summary
• 19.8. Problems
• Chapter 20. Rotational Motion Transducers
• 20.1. Introduction
• 20.2. Rotational Displacement
• 20.3. Rotational Velocity
• 20.4. Rotational Acceleration
• 20.5. Summary
• 20.6. Problems
• Chapter 21. Summary of Other Measurements
• 21.1. Introduction
• 21.2. Dimension Measurement
• 21.3. Angle Measurement
• 21.4. Surface Flatness Measurement
• 21.5. Volume Measurement
• 21.6. Viscosity Measurement
• 21.7. Moisture Measurement
• 21.8. Sound Measurement
• 21.9. pH Measurement
• 21.10. Gas Sensing and Analysis
• 21.11. Summary
• 21.12. Problems
• Appendix 1. Imperial—Metric—SI Conversion Tables
• Appendix 2. The´venin’s Theorem
• Appendix 3. Thermocouple Tables
• Appendix 4. Using Mathematical Tables
• Index