Efnisyfirlit

• Instructions for online access
• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Preface
• • To Our Future Colleagues: The Students
• Section 1 Introduction
• Chapter 1 Introduction to Medical Microbiology
• • Viruses
• • Bacteria
• • Fungi
• • Parasites
• • Immunology
• • Microbial Disease
• • Diagnostic Microbiology
• • Summary
• Chapter 2 Human Microbiome in Health and Disease
• • Human Microbiome Project
• • Core Microbiome
• • Evolution of the Microbiome and Normal Flora
• • Role of the Microbiome in Disease
• • Diagnostics and Therapeutics
• • Probiotics
• • Perspective
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 3 Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antisepsis
• • Sterilization
• • Disinfection
• • Antisepsis
• • Mechanisms of Action
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Section 2 General Principles of Laboratory Diagnosis
• Chapter 4 Microscopy and in Vitro Culture
• • Microscopy
• • In Vitro Culture
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 5 Molecular Diagnosis
• • Detection of Microbial Genetic Material
• • Detection of Proteins
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 6 Serologic Diagnosis
• • Antibodies
• • Methods of Detection
• • Immunoassays for Cell-Associated Antigen (Immunohistology)
• • Immunoassays for Antibody and Soluble Antigen
• • Serology
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Section 3 Basic Concepts in the Immune Response
• Chapter 7 Elements of Host Protective Responses
• • Soluble Activators and Stimulators of Innate and Immune Functions
• • Cells of the Immune Response
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 8 Innate Host Responses
• • Barriers to Infection
• • Soluble Components of Innate Responses
• • Cellular Components of Innate Responses
• • Activation of Innate Cellular Responses
• • Normal Flora–Associated Responses
• • Inflammation
• • Bridge to Antigen-Specific Immune Responses
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 9 Antigen-Specific Immune Responses
• • Immunogens, Antigens, and Epitopes
• • T Cells
• • Cell Surface Receptors of T Cells
• • Development of T Cells
• • Initiation of T-Cell Responses
• • Activation of CD4 T Cells and Their Response to Antigen
• • CD8 T Cells
• • NKT Cells
• • B Cells and Humoral Immunity
• • Immunoglobulin Types and Structures
• • Immunogenetics
• • Antibody Response
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 10 Immune Responses to Infectious Agents
• • Antibacterial Responses
• • Antiviral Responses
• • Specific Immune Responses to Fungi
• • Specific Immune Responses to Parasites
• • Other Immune Responses
• • Immunopathogenesis
• • Autoimmune Responses
• • Immunodeficiency
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 11 Antimicrobial Vaccines
• • Types of Immunizations
• • Immunization Programs
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Section 4 Bacteriology
• Chapter 12 Bacterial Classification, Structure, and Replication
• • Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
• • Bacterial Classification
• • Bacterial Structure
• • Structure and Biosynthesis of the Major Components of the Bacterial Cell Wall
• • Cell Division
• • Spores
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 13 Bacterial Metabolism and Genetics
• • Bacterial Metabolism
• • Bacterial Genes and Expression
• • Bacterial Genetics
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 14 Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenesis
• • Entry into the Human Body
• • Colonization, Adhesion, and Invasion
• • Pathogenic Actions of Bacteria
• • Immunopathogenesis
• • Mechanisms for Escaping Host Defenses
• • Summary
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 15 Role of Bacteria in Disease
• Bibliography
• Chapter 16 Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases
• • Specimen Collection, Transport, and Processing
• • Bacterial Detection and Identification
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 17 Antibacterial Agents
• • Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis
• • Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
• • Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis
• • Other Antibiotics
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 18 Staphylococcus and Related Gram-Positive Cocci
• Answers
• • Physiology and Structure
• • Pathogenesis and Immunity
• • Epidemiology
• • Clinical Diseases (Box 18-1)
• • Laboratory Diagnosis
• • Treatment, Prevention, and Control
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 19 Streptococcus and Enterococcus
• Answers
• • Streptococcus pyogenes
• • Streptococcus agalactiae
• • Other β-Hemolytic Streptococci
• • Viridans Streptococci
• • Streptococcus pneumoniae
• • Enterococcus
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 20 Bacillus
• Answers
• • Bacillus anthracis
• • Bacillus cereus
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 21 Listeria and Related Gram-Positive Bacteria
• Answers
• • Listeria monocytogenes
• • Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
• • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 22 Mycobacterium and Related Acid-Fast Bacteria
• Answers
• • Physiology and Structure of Mycobacteria
• • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• • Other Slow-Growing Mycobacteria
• • Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria
• • Nocardia
• • Other Weakly Acid-Fast Bacteria
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 23 Neisseria and Related Genera
• Answers
• • Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis
• • Other Neisseria Species
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 24 Haemophilus and Related Bacteria
• Answers
• • Haemophilus
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 25 Enterobacteriaceae
• Answers
• • General Properties
• • Escherichia coli
• • Salmonella
• • Shigella
• • Yersinia
• • Other Enterobacteriaceae
• • Other General Properties
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 26 Vibrio and Related Bacteria
• Answers
• • Vibrio
• • Aeromonas
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 27 Pseudomonas and Related Bacteria
• Answers
• • Pseudomonas
• • Burkholderia
• • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
• • Acinetobacter
• • Moraxella
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 28 Campylobacter and Helicobacter
• Answers
• • Campylobacter
• • Helicobacter
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 29 Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Rods
• Answers
• • Bartonella
• • Bordetella
• • Other Bordetella Species
• • Brucella
• • Cardiobacterium
• • Francisella
• • Legionella
• • Streptobacillus
• Case Study 1 and Questions
• Case Study 2 and Questions
• Case Study 3 and Questions
• Case Study 4 and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 30 Clostridium
• Answers
• • Clostridium difficile (Clinical Case 30-1)
• • Clostridium perfringens
• • Clostridium tetani
• • Clostridium botulinum
• • Other Clostridial Species
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 31 Non–Spore-Forming Anaerobic Bacteria
• Answers
• • Anaerobic Gram-Positive Cocci
• • Anaerobic Gram-Positive Rods
• • Anaerobic Gram-Negative Cocci
• • Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods
• Case Studies and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 32 Treponema, Borrelia, and Leptospira
• Answers
• • Treponema
• • Borrelia
• • Leptospira
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 33 Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
• Answers
• • Physiology and Structure
• • Pathogenesis and Immunity
• • Epidemiology
• • Clinical Diseases (Clinical Case 33-1)
• • Laboratory Diagnosis (Table 33-2)
• • Treatment, Prevention, and Control
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 34 Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Related Bacteria
• Answers
• • Rickettsiaceae
• • Anaplasmataceae
• • Coxiellaceae
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 35 Chlamydia and Chlamydophila
• Answers
• • Family Chlamydiaceae
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Section 5 Virology
• Chapter 36 Viral Classification, Structure, and Replication
• • Classification
• • Virion Structure
• • Viral Replication
• • Viral Genetics
• • Viral Vectors for Therapy
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 37 Mechanisms of Viral Pathogenesis
• • Basic Steps in Viral Disease
• • Infection of the Target Tissue
• • Viral Pathogenesis
• • Viral Disease
• • Epidemiology
• • Control of Viral Spread
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 38 Role of Viruses in Disease
• • Viral Diseases
• • Chronic and Potentially Oncogenic Infections
• • Infections in Immunocompromised Patients
• • Congenital, Neonatal, and Perinatal Infections
• Bibliography
• Websites
• Chapter 39 Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Diseases
• • Specimen Collection
• • Cytology
• • Electron Microscopy
• • Viral Isolation and Growth
• • Detection of Viral Proteins
• • Detection of Viral Genetic Material
• • Viral Serology
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 40 Antiviral Agents and Infection Control
• • Targets for Antiviral Drugs
• • Nucleoside Analogs
• • Nonnucleoside Polymerase Inhibitors
• • Protease Inhibitors
• • Antiinfluenza Drugs
• • Immunomodulators
• • Infection Control
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 41 Papillomaviruses and Polyomaviruses
• Answers
• • Human Papillomaviruses
• • Polyomaviridae
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 42 Adenoviruses
• Answers
• • Structure and Replication
• • Pathogenesis and Immunity
• • Epidemiology
• • Clinical Syndromes (Box 42-4)
• • Laboratory Diagnosis
• • Treatment, Prevention, and Control
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 43 Human Herpesviruses
• Answers
• • Structure of Herpesviruses
• • Herpesvirus Replication
• • Herpes Simplex Virus
• • Varicella-Zoster Virus
• • Epstein-Barr Virus
• • Cytomegalovirus
• • Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7
• • Other Human Herpesviruses
• Case Studies and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 44 Poxviruses
• Answers
• • Structure and Replication
• • Pathogenesis and Immunity
• • Epidemiology
• • Clinical Syndromes
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 45 Parvoviruses
• Answers
• • Structure and Replication
• • Pathogenesis and Immunity
• • Epidemiology
• • Clinical Syndromes (Clinical Case 45-1)
• • Laboratory Diagnosis
• • Treatment, Prevention, and Control
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 46 Picornaviruses
• Answers
• • Structure
• • Replication
• • Enteroviruses
• • Rhinoviruses
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 47 Coronaviruses and Noroviruses
• Answers
• • Coronaviruses
• • Noroviruses
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 48 Paramyxoviruses
• Answers
• • Structure and Replication
• • Measles Virus
• • Parainfluenza Viruses
• • Mumps Virus
• • Respiratory Syncytial Virus
• • Human Metapneumovirus
• • Nipah and Hendra Viruses
• Case Studies and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 49 Orthomyxoviruses
• Answers
• • Structure and Replication
• • Pathogenesis and Immunity
• • Epidemiology
• • Clinical Syndromes (Box 49-4)
• • Laboratory Diagnosis
• • Treatment, Prevention, and Control
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 50 Rhabdoviruses, Filoviruses, and Bornaviruses
• Answers
• • Rhabdoviruses
• • Filoviruses
• • Borna Disease Virus
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 51 Reoviruses
• Answers
• • Structure
• • Replication
• • Orthoreoviruses (Mammalian Reoviruses)
• • Rotaviruses
• • Coltiviruses and Orbiviruses
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 52 Togaviruses and Flaviviruses
• Answers
• • Alphaviruses and Flaviviruses
• • Rubella Virus
• Case Studies and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 53 Bunyaviridae and Arenaviridae
• Answers
• • Bunyaviridae
• • Arenaviruses
• Case Studies and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 54 Retroviruses
• Answers
• • Classification
• • Structure
• • Replication
• • Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• • Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus and Other Oncogenic Retroviruses
• • Endogenous Retroviruses
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 55 Hepatitis Viruses
• Answers
• • Hepatitis A Virus
• • Hepatitis B Virus
• • Hepatitis C and G Viruses
• • Hepatitis G Virus
• • Hepatitis D Virus
• • Hepatitis E Virus
• Case Studies and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 56 Prion Diseases
• Answers
• • Structure and Physiology
• • Pathogenesis
• • Epidemiology
• • Clinical Syndromes
• • Laboratory Diagnosis
• • Treatment, Prevention, and Control
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Section 6 Mycology
• Chapter 57 Fungal Classification, Structure, and Replication
• • The Importance of Fungi
• • Fungal Taxonomy, Structure, and Replication
• • Ascomycota (Ascomycetes)
• • Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
• • Glomeromycota (Mucormycetes, formerly Zygomycetes)
• • Microspora (Microsporidia)
• • Classification of Human Mycoses
• Summary
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 58 Pathogenesis of Fungal Disease
• • Primary Fungal Pathogens
• • Opportunistic Pathogens
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 59 Role of Fungi in Disease
• Bibliography
• Chapter 60 Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Disease
• • Clinical Recognition of Fungal Infections
• • Conventional Laboratory Diagnosis
• • Immunologic, Molecular, and Biochemical Markers for Direct Detection of Invasive Fungal Infections
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 61 Antifungal Agents
• • Systemically Active Antifungal Agents
• • Topical Antifungal Agents
• • Investigational Antifungal Agents
• • Combinations of Antifungal Agents in the Treatment of Mycoses
• • Mechanisms of Resistance to Antifungal Agents
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 62 Superficial and Cutaneous Mycoses
• Answers
• • Superficial Mycoses
• • Cutaneous Mycoses
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 63 Subcutaneous Mycoses
• Answers
• • Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis
• • Chromoblastomycosis
• • Eumycotic Mycetoma
• • Subcutaneous Entomophthoromycosis
• • Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 64 Systemic Mycoses Caused By Dimorphic Fungi
• Answers
• • Blastomycosis
• • Coccidioidomycosis
• • Emmonsiosis
• • Histoplasmosis
• • Paracoccidioidomycosis
• • Talaromycosis (Penicilliosis) Marneffei
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 65 Opportunistic Mycoses
• Answers
• • Candidiasis
• • Opportunistic Mycoses Caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Other Noncandidal Yeastlike Fungi
• • Microsporidia
• • Aspergillosis
• • Mucormycosis
• • Mycoses Caused by Other Hyaline Molds
• • Phaeohyphomycosis
• • Pneumocystosis
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 66 Fungal and Fungal-Like Infections of Unusual or Uncertain Etiology
• Answers
• • Adiaspiromycosis
• • Chlorellosis
• • Lacaziosis (Lobomycosis)
• • Protothecosis
• • Pythiosis Insidiosi
• • Lagenidiosis
• • Rhinosporidiosis
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 67 Mycotoxins and Mycotoxicoses
• Answers
• • Aflatoxins
• • Citrinin
• • Ergot Alkaloids
• • Fumonisins
• • Ochratoxin
• • Trichothecenes
• • Other Mycotoxins and Purported Mycotoxicoses
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Section 7 Parasitology
• Chapter 68 Parasitic Classification, Structure, and Replication
• • Importance of Parasites
• • Classification and Structure
• • Physiology and Replication
• • Summary
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 69 Pathogenesis of Parasitic Diseases
• • Exposure and Entry
• • Adherence and Replication
• • Cell and Tissue Damage
• • Disruption, Evasion, and Inactivation of Host Defenses
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 70 Role of Parasites in Disease
• Bibliography
• Chapter 71 Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasitic Disease
• • Parasite Life Cycle as an Aid in Diagnosis
• • General Diagnostic Considerations
• • Parasitic Infections of the Intestinal and Urogenital Tracts
• • Parasitic Infections of Blood and Tissue
• • Alternatives to Microscopy
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 72 Antiparasitic Agents
• • Targets for Antiparasitic Drug Action
• • Drug Resistance
• • Antiparasitic Agents
• Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 73 Intestinal and Urogenital Protozoa
• Answers
• • Amebae
• • Flagellates
• • Ciliates
• • Sporozoa (Coccidia)
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 74 Blood and Tissue Protozoa
• Answers
• • Plasmodium Species
• • Babesia Species
• • Toxoplasma gondii
• • Sarcocystis lindemanni
• • Free-Living Amebae
• • Leishmania
• • Trypanosomes
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 75 Nematodes
• Answers
• • Enterobius vermicularis
• • Ascaris lumbricoides
• • Toxocara and Baylisascaris
• • Trichuris trichiura
• • Hookworms
• • Strongyloides stercoralis
• • Trichinella spiralis
• • Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi
• • Loa loa
• • Mansonella Species
• • Onchocerca volvulus
• • Dirofilaria immitis
• • Dracunculus medinensis
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 76 Trematodes
• Answers
• • Fasciolopsis buski
• • Fasciola hepatica
• • Clonorchis sinensis
• • Paragonimus westermani
• • Schistosomes
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 77 Cestodes
• Answers
• • Taenia solium
• • Cysticercosis
• • Taenia saginata
• • Diphyllobothrium latum
• • Sparganosis
• • Echinococcus granulosus
• • Echinococcus multilocularis
• • Hymenolepis nana
• • Hymenolepis diminuta
• • Dipylidium caninum
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Chapter 78 Arthropods
• Answers
• • Myriapoda
• • Crustacea
• • Chelicerata (Arachnida)
• • Hexapoda (Insecta)
• Case Study and Questions
• Answers
• Bibliography
• Index