Efnisyfirlit

• Instructions for online access
• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Dedication
• Section 1. Introduction
• 1. Introduction to Medical Microbiology
• Historical Perspective
• Viruses
• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Parasites
• Immunology
• Diagnostic Microbiology
• Microbiology and Immunology in the Clinic
• Summary
• 2. Human Microbiome in Health and Disease
• Human Microbiome Project
• Core Microbiome
• Evolution of the Microbiome and Normal Flora
• Role of the Microbiome in Disease
• Diagnostics and Therapeutics
• Probiotics
• Perspective
• 3. Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antisepsis
• Sterilization
• Disinfection
• Antisepsis
• Mechanisms of Action
• Section 2. General Principles of Laboratory Diagnosis
• 4. Microscopy and In Vitro Culture
• Microscopy
• In Vitro Culture
• 5. Molecular Diagnosis
• Nonamplified Nucleic Acid Probes
• Nucleic Acid Analysis
• Protein Analysis
• 6. Serologic Diagnosis
• Antibodies
• Methods of Detection
• Immunoassays for Cell-Associated Antigen (Immunohistology)
• Immunoassays for Antibody and Soluble Antigen
• Serology
• Section 3. Basic Concepts in the Immune Response
• 7. Elements of Host Protective Responses
• Soluble Activators and Stimulators of Innate and Immune Functions
• Cells of the Immune Response
• 8. Innate Host Responses
• Barriers to Infection
• Soluble Components of Innate Responses
• Cellular Components of Innate Responses
• Activation of Innate Cellular Responses
• Normal Flora–Associated Responses
• Inflammation
• Bridge to Antigen-Specific Immune Responses
• 9. Antigen-Specific Immune Responses
• Immunogens, Antigens, and Epitopes
• T Cells
• Cell-Surface Receptors of T Cells
• Development of T Cells
• Initiation of T-Cell Responses
• Activation of CD4 T Cells and Their Response to Antigen
• CD8 T Cells
• INNATE T Cells
• B Cells and Humoral Immunity
• B cells
• Immunoglobulin Types and Structures
• Immunogenetics
• Antibody Response
• 10. Immune Responses to Infectious Agents
• Antibacterial Responses
• Antiviral Responses
• Specific Immune Responses to Fungi
• Specific Immune Responses to Parasites
• Other Immune Responses
• Immunopathogenesis
• Autoimmune Responses
• Immunodeficiency
• 11. Antimicrobial Vaccines
• Types of Immunizations
• Immunization Programs
• Section 4. Bacteriology
• 12. Bacterial Classification, Structure, and Replication
• Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
• Bacterial Classification
• Bacterial Structure
• Structure and Biosynthesis of the Major Components of the Bacterial Cell Wall
• Cell Division
• Spores
• 13. Bacterial Metabolism and Genetics
• Bacterial Metabolism
• Human Bacterial Metabolism
• Bacterial Genes and Expression
• Bacterial Genetics
• 14. Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenesis
• Entry into the Human Body
• Colonization, Adhesion, and Invasion
• Pathogenic Actions of Bacteria
• Immunopathogenesis
• Mechanisms for Escaping Host Defenses
• Summary
• 15. Role of Bacteria in Disease
• 16. Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases
• Specimen Collection, Transport, and Processing
• Bacterial Detection and Identification
• Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests
• 17. Antibacterial Agents
• Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis
• Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
• Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis
• Other Antibiotics
• 18. Staphylococcus and Related Gram-Positive Cocci
• Physiology and Structure
• Pathogenesis and Immunity
• Epidemiology
• Clinical Diseases
• Laboratory Diagnosis
• Treatment, Prevention, and Control
• 19. Streptococcus and Enterococcus
• Streptococcus pyogenes
• Streptococcus agalactiae
• Other β-Hemolytic Streptococci
• Viridans Streptococci
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Enterococcus
• 20. Bacillus
• Bacillus anthracis
• Bacillus cereus
• 21. Listeria and Related Gram-Positive Bacteria
• Listeria monocytogenes
• Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
• Corynebacterium diphtheriae
• 22. Mycobacterium and Related Acid-Fast Bacteria
• • Physiology and Structure of Mycobacteria
• • Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
• • Other Slow-Growing Mycobacteria
• • Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria
• • Nocardia
• • Other Weakly Acid-Fast Bacteria
• 23. Neisseria and Related Genera
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis
• Other Neisseria Species
• 24. Haemophilus and Related Bacteria
• Haemophilus
• 25. Enterobacteriaceae
• General Properties
• Escherichia coli
• Salmonella
• Shigella
• Yersinia
• Other Enterobacteriaceae
• Other General Properties
• 26. Vibrio and Related Bacteria
• Vibrio
• Aeromonas
• 27. Pseudomonas and Related Bacteria
• Pseudomonas
• Burkholderia
• Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
• Acinetobacter
• Moraxella
• 28. Campylobacter and Helicobacter
• Campylobacter
• Helicobacter
• 29. Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Rods
• Bartonella
• Bordetella
• Other Bordetella Species
• Brucella
• Cardiobacterium
• Francisella
• Legionella
• Streptobacillus
• 30. Clostridium
• Clostridium difficile
• Clostridium perfringens
• Clostridium tetani
• Clostridium botulinum
• Other Clostridial Species
• 31. Non–Spore-Forming Anaerobic Bacteria
• Anaerobic Gram-Positive Cocci
• Answers
• Anaerobic Gram-Positive Rods
• Anaerobic Gram-Negative Cocci
• Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods
• 32. Treponema, Borrelia, and Leptospira
• Treponema
• Borrelia
• Leptospira
• 33. Mycoplasma
• Physiology and Structure
• Pathogenesis and Immunity
• Answers
• Epidemiology
• Clinical Diseases
• Laboratory Diagnosis
• Treatment, Prevention, and Control
• 34. Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Related Bacteria
• Rickettsiaceae
• Anaplasmataceae
• Coxiellaceae
• 35. Chlamydia
• Physiology and Structure
• Section 5. Virology
• 36. Viral Classification, Structure, and Replication
• Classification
• Virion Structure
• Viral Replication
• Viral Genetics
• Viral Vectors for Therapy
• 37. Mechanisms of Viral Pathogenesis
• Basic Steps in Viral Disease
• Infection of the Target Tissue
• Viral Pathogenesis
• Viral Disease
• Epidemiology
• Control of Viral Spread
• 38. Role of Viruses in Disease
• Viral Diseases
• Chronic and Potentially Oncogenic Infections
• Infections in Immunocompromised Patients
• Congenital, Neonatal, and Perinatal Infections
• 39. Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Diseases
• Specimen Collection
• Cytology
• Electron Microscopy
• Viral Isolation and Growth
• Detection of Viral Genetic Material
• Detection of Viral Proteins
• Viral Serology
• 40. Antiviral Agents and Infection Control
• Targets for Antiviral Drugs
• Nucleoside Analogs
• Nonnucleoside Polymerase Inhibitors
• Protease Inhibitors
• Antiinfluenza Drugs
• Immunomodulators
• Infection Control
• 41. Papillomaviruses and Polyomaviruses
• Human Papillomaviruses
• Polyomaviridae
• 42. Adenoviruses
• Structure and Replication
• Pathogenesis and Immunity
• Epidemiology
• Clinical Syndromes
• Laboratory Diagnosis
• Treatment, Prevention, and Control
• Therapeutic Adenoviruses
• 43. Human Herpesviruses
• Structure of Herpesviruses
• Herpesvirus Replication
• Herpes Simplex Virus
• Varicella-Zoster Virus
• Epstein-Barr Virus
• Cytomegalovirus
• Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7
• Other Human Herpesviruses
• 44. Poxviruses
• Structure and Replication
• Pathogenesis and Immunity
• Epidemiology
• Clinical Syndromes
• 45. Parvoviruses
• Structure and Replication
• Pathogenesis and Immunity
• Epidemiology
• Clinical Syndromes
• Laboratory Diagnosis
• Treatment, Prevention, and Control
• 46. Picornaviruses
• Structure
• Replication
• Enteroviruses
• Rhinoviruses
• 47. Coronaviruses and Noroviruses
• Coronaviruses
• Noroviruses
• Addendum to Chapter 47 Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
• 48. Paramyxoviruses
• Structure and Replication
• Measles Virus
• Parainfluenza Viruses
• Mumps Virus
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus
• Human Metapneumovirus
• Nipah and Hendra Viruses
• 49. Orthomyxoviruses
• Structure and Replication
• Pathogenesis and Immunity
• Epidemiology
• Clinical Syndromes
• Laboratory Diagnosis
• Treatment, Prevention, and Control
• 50. Rhabdoviruses, Filoviruses, and Bornaviruses
• Rhabdoviruses
• Filoviruses
• Borna Disease Virus
• 51. Reoviruses
• Structure
• Replication
• Rotaviruses
• Orthoreoviruses (Mammalian Reoviruses)
• Coltiviruses and Orbiviruses
• 52. Togaviruses and Flaviviruses
• Alphaviruses and Flaviviruses
• Rubella Virus
• 53. Bunyaviridae and Arenaviridae
• Bunyaviridae
• Arenaviruses
• 54. Retroviruses
• Classification
• Structure
• Replication
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus and Other Oncogenic Retroviruses
• Endogenous Retroviruses
• 55. Hepatitis Viruses
• Hepatitis A Virus
• Hepatitis B Virus
• Hepatitis C and G Viruses
• Hepatitis G Virus
• Hepatitis D Virus
• Hepatitis E Virus
• 56. Prion Diseases
• Structure and Physiology
• Pathogenesis
• Epidemiology
• Clinical Syndromes
• Laboratory Diagnosis
• Treatment, Prevention, and Control
• Section 6. Mycology
• 57. Fungal Classification, Structure, and Replication
• The Importance of Fungi
• Fungal Taxonomy, Structure, and Replication
• Ascomycota (Ascomycetes)
• Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
• Glomerulomycota (Mucormycetes, formerly Zygomycetes)
• Microspora (Microsporidia)
• Classification of Human Mycoses
• Summary
• 58. Pathogenesis of Fungal Disease
• Primary Fungal Pathogens
• Opportunistic Pathogens
• 59. Role of Fungi in Disease
• 60. Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Disease
• Clinical Recognition of Fungal Infections
• Conventional Laboratory Diagnosis
• Immunologic, Molecular, and Biochemical Markers for Direct Detection of Invasive Fungal Infections
• 61. Antifungal Agents
• Systemically Active Antifungal Agents
• Topical Antifungal Agents
• Investigational Antifungal Agents
• Combinations of Antifungal Agents in the Treatment of Mycoses
• Mechanisms of Resistance to Antifungal Agents
• 62. Superficial and Cutaneous Mycoses
• Superficial Mycoses
• Cutaneous Mycoses
• 63. Subcutaneous Mycoses
• Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis
• Chromoblastomycosis
• Eumycotic Mycetoma
• Subcutaneous Entomophthoromycosis
• Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis
• 64. Systemic Mycoses Caused by Dimorphic Fungi
• Blastomycosis
• Coccidioidomycosis
• Emergomycosis and Adiaspiromycosis
• Histoplasmosis
• Paracoccidioidomycosis
• Talaromycosis (Penicilliosis) marneffei
• 65. Opportunistic Mycoses
• Candidiasis
• Opportunistic Mycoses Caused by Cryptococcus Neoformans and Other Noncandidal Yeastlike Fungi
• Microsporidia
• Aspergillosis
• Mucormycosis
• Mycoses Caused by Other Hyaline Molds
• Phaeohyphomycosis
• Pneumocystosis
• 66. Fungal and Fungal-Like Infections of Unusual or Uncertain Etiology
• Adiaspiromycosis
• Chlorellosis
• Lacaziosis (Lobomycosis)
• Protothecosis
• Pythiosis Insidiosi
• Lagenidiosis
• Rhinosporidiosis
• Section 7. Parasitology
• 67. Parasitic Classification, Structure, and Replication
• Importance of Parasites
• Classification and Structure
• Physiology and Replication
• Summary
• 68. Pathogenesis of Parasitic Diseases
• Exposure and Entry
• Adherence and Replication
• Cell and Tissue Damage
• Disruption, Evasion, and Inactivation of Host Defenses
• 69. Role of Parasites in Disease
• 70. Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasitic Disease
• Parasite Life Cycle as an Aid in Diagnosis
• General Diagnostic Considerations
• Parasitic Infections of the Intestinal and Urogenital Tracts
• Parasitic Infections of Blood and Tissue
• Alternatives to Microscopy
• 71. Antiparasitic Agents
• Targets for Antiparasite Drug Action
• Drug Resistance
• Antiparasitic Agents
• 72. Intestinal and Urogenital Protozoa
• Amebae (Amoebozoa)
• Ciliates (Metamonada [Formerly Flagellates] and Ciliophora)
• Sporozoa (Apicomplexa)
• 73. Blood and Tissue Protozoa
• Plasmodium Species
• Babesia Species
• Toxoplasma gondii
• Sarcocystis lindemanni
• Free-Living Amebae
• Leishmania
• Trypanosomes
• 74. Nematodes
• Enterobius vermicularis
• Ascaris lumbricoides
• Toxocara and Baylisascaris
• Trichuris trichiura
• Hookworms
• Strongyloides stercoralis
• Trichinella spiralis
• Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi
• Loa loa
• Mansonella Species
• Onchocerca volvulus
• Dirofilaria immitis
• Dracunculus medinensis
• 75. Trematodes
• Fasciolopsis buski
• Fasciola hepatica
• Clonorchis sinensis
• Paragonimus westermani
• Schistosomes
• 76. Cestodes
• Taenia solium
• Cysticercosis
• Taenia saginata
• Diphyllobothrium latum
• Sparganosis
• Echinococcus granulosus
• Echinococcus multilocularis
• Hymenolepis nana
• Hymenolepis diminuta
• Dipylidium caninum
• 77. Arthropods
• Myriapoda
• Crustacea
• Pentastomida
• Chelicerata (Arachnida)
• Hexapoda (Insecta)
• Answers
• Index