Efnisyfirlit

• Cover image
• Title Page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Contributors
• Part 1 Microbial Biology
• 1 Microbiology and medicine
• An outline history of microbiology and infection
• Sources and spread of infection
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• 2 Morphology and nature of microorganisms
• Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
• Anatomy of the bacterial cell
• The nature and composition of viruses
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• 3 Classification, identification, typing and diversity of bacteria
• Taxonomy
• Methods of classification
• Classification in clinical practice
• Identification of bacteria
• Typing of bacteria
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• 4 Bacterial growth, physiology and death
• Bacterial growth
• Media for bacterial growth
• Media for laboratory studies
• Bacterial physiology
• Sterilisation and disinfection
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• 5 Antimicrobial agents
• Antibacterial agents
• Antifungal agents
• Antiviral agents
• Antiretroviral agents
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• 6 Bacterial genetics
• Genetic organisation and regulation of the bacterial cell
• Mutation
• Horizontal gene transfer
• Plasmids
• Transposons, integrons and genomic islands
• Genetic basis of antibiotic resistance
• The bacterial species and molecular typing of microorganisms
• Microbial genomes and genomics
• Recommended Reading
• MCQs
• 7 Virus–cell interactions
• The cytolytic or cytocidal growth cycle
• Chronic/persistent infections
• Latency
• Transformation
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Part 2 Infection and Immunity
• 8 Innate and adaptive immunity
• Innate and adaptive immunity
• Recommended reading
• 9 Immunity in infection
• Immunity in infection
• Immunopathology
• The response to viral infections
• Immunopathology
• Vaccines
• Immunity in bacterial infection
• Host defences
• Evasion
• Immunopathology
• Pathogenic mechanisms
• Immune defence mechanisms
• Evasion mechanisms
• Immunopathology
• Vaccination
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• 10 Bacterial pathogenicity
• Types of bacterial pathogens
• Virulence determinants
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• 11 The natural history of infection and the human microbiome
• Meetings between human beings and microorganisms
• Stages of infection
• Pathological patterns associated with infection
• Virulence and infectivity
• The human microbiome in health and disease
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Part 3 Bacterial Pathogens and Associated Diseases
• 12 Staphylococcus
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Coagulase-negative staphylococci
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 13 Streptococcus and Enterococcus
• Streptococcus pyogenes
• Streptococcus agalactiae
• Other pyogenic streptococci
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Commensal streptococci
• Recommended reading
• Clinical scenario
• 14 Coryneform bacteria, Listeria and Erysipelothrix
• Coryneform bacteria
• Listeria
• Recommended reading
• Clinical scenario
• 15 Bacillus
• Bacillus anthracis
• Bacillus cereus
• Other bacillus species
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 16 Escherichia coli and Shigella
• Clinical syndromes associated with extraintestinal E. coli
• Shigella
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 17 Salmonella
• Description
• Host range
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical syndromes
• Laboratory investigation
• Treatment
• Epidemiology
• Prevention and control
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 18 Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus and other enterobacteria
• Klebsiella
• Enterobacter
• Cronobacter
• Hafnia
• Serratia
• Proteus and related genera
• Citrobacter
• Edwardsiella
• Other genera
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 19 Pasteurella, Yersinia and Francisella
• Historical perspective
• Pasteurella
• Yersinia
• Francisella
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 20 Campylobacter and Helicobacter
• Campylobacter
• Helicobacter
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 21 Vibrio, Mobiluncus, Gardnerella and Spirillum
• Vibrio
• Mobiluncus
• Gardnerella
• Spirillum minus
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 22 Pseudomonads and nonfermenters
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Burkholderia
• Glucose nonfermenters
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 23 Haemophilus
• Other haemophili
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 24 Bordetella
• Description
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical features
• Laboratory Investigation
• Epidemiology
• Recommended reading
• Clinical scenario
• MCQs
• 25 Legionella
• Description
• Pathogenesis
• Laboratory Investigation
• Treatment
• Epidemiology
• Control
• Recommended Reading
• Clinical scenario
• MCQs
• 26 Neisseria and Moraxella
• Neisseria
• Neisseria meningitidis
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• Moraxella
• Moraxella catarrhalis
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 27 Mycobacterium
• The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC)
• Mycobacterium leprae
• Recommended reading
• 28 Nontuberculous mycobacteria, Actinomyces, Nocardia and Tropheryma
• Nontuberculous mycobacteria
• Other actinomycetales
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 29 Clostridium
• Clostridium perfringens
• Gas gangrene
• Food poisoning
• Colitis
• Enteritis necroticans (pig-bel)
• Clostridium septicum
• Clostridium novyi
• Clostridium sordellii
• Clostridium tetani
• Clostridium botulinum
• Clostridium difficile
• Recommended Reading
• MCQs
• Clinical Scenario
• 30 Nonsporing anaerobes
• Features of anaerobic infections
• Laboratory investigation
• Gram-negative bacilli
• Gram-positive anaerobic cocci
• Gram-negative anaerobic cocci
• Nonsporing gram-positive rods
• Spiral-shaped motile organisms
• Treatment
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 31 Brucella, Bartonella and Streptobacillus
• Brucella
• Bartonella
• Streptobacillus moniliformis
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 32 Treponema and Borrelia
• Treponema
• Borrelia
• Recommended Reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• Clinical scenario
• 33 Leptospira
• Description
• Metabolism
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical features
• Laboratory Investigation
• Treatment
• Epidemiology
• Control
• Recommended reading
• Clinical scenario
• 34 Chlamydia
• Description
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical features
• Laboratory investigation
• Treatment
• Epidemiology
• Control and prevention
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 35 Mycoplasmas
• Description
• Pathogenesis
• Laboratory investigation
• Treatment
• Epidemiology
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 36 Rickettsia, Orientia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma and Coxiella
• Rickettsia and Orientia
• Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
• Coxiella
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• Part 4 Viral Pathogens and Associated Diseases
• 37 Adenoviruses
• Adenovirus-associated viruses
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 38 Herpesviruses
• Herpes simplex virus
• Varicella–zoster virus (VZV)
• Cytomegalovirus
• Human herpesviruses 6 and 7
• Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus)
• Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (herpesvirus B; B virus; herpesvirus simiae)
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 39 Poxviruses
• Description
• Replication
• Clinical features
• Control of smallpox
• Other human poxvirus infections
• Vaccinia
• Myxomatosis: an evolving disease
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 40 Papillomaviruses
• Description
• Epidemiology
• Replication
• Clinical features and pathogenesis
• Diagnosis
• Treatment and control
• Vaccines
• Acknowledgment
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 41 Polyomaviruses
• Introduction
• Replication and transformation
• Clinical features and pathogenesis
• Laboratory Investigation
• Transmission and epidemiology
• Treatment
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 42 Hepadnaviruses
• Hepatitis B virus
• The delta agent (hepatitis D virus, HDV)
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical Scenario
• 43 Parvoviruses
• Description
• Epidemiology
• Replication
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical features
• Diagnosis (Table 43.2)
• Treatment (Table 43.2)
• Control
• Acknowledgment
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical Scenario
• 44 Picornaviruses
• Enteroviruses
• Pathogenesis
• Epidemiology and transmission
• Rhinoviruses
• Parechoviruses
• Laboratory Investigation of enterovirus, rhinovirus and parechovirus infections
• Treatment and control of enterovirus, rhinovirus and parechovirus infections
• Hepatoviruses
• Recommended Reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 45 Orthomyxoviruses
• Influenza A, B and C host range
• The viruses
• Epidemic and pandemic influenza
• Cross-species influenza a infection
• Influenza C
• Seasonal influenza a epidemics
• Recommended reading
• Clinical scenario
• MCQs
• 46 Paramyxoviruses and Pneumoviruses
• The paramyxoviridae
• The pneumoviridae
• Acknowledgment
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 47 Arboviruses: alphaviruses, flaviviruses and bunyaviruses
• Description
• Replication
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical features
• Laboratory Investigation
• Treatment
• Epidemiology
• Control
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 48 Hepatitis C virus
• Properties
• Diagnosis
• Epidemiology
• Clinical features
• Treatment and control
• Prevention
• Immunisation
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical Scenario
• 49 Hepeviruses
• Description
• Epidemiology
• Replication
• Clinical features
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Control
• Transfusion-transmitted HEV
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 50 Arenaviruses and filoviruses
• Arenaviruses
• Filoviruses
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 51 Reoviruses
• Rotaviruses
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 52 Retroviruses
• HIV infection
• HTLV-I and -II infection
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 53 Caliciviruses and astroviruses
• Description
• Morphology and classification
• Major features
• Epidemiology
• Replication
• Clinical features
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Control
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 54 Coronaviruses
• Taxonomy
• Properties
• Replication
• Pathogenesis
• Transmission
• Epidemiology
• Clinical features
• Laboratory investigation
• Control
• Treatment
• Prevention
• Recommended reading
• Clinical scenario
• 55 Rhabdoviruses
• Virus structure and life cycle
• Virus transmission, pathogenesis and treatment
• Clinical features
• Epidemiology
• Laboratory Investigation
• Prevention
• Control
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 56 Togaviruses
• Description
• Epidemiology
• Replication (virology)
• Clinical features
• Pathogenesis
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Control
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• 57 Prion diseases (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies)
• The transmissible agent: a prion
• Human prion diseases
• Neuropathology
• Sporadic CJD
• Genetic prion diseases
• Acquired prion diseases
• Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and other animal prion diseases
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• Part 5 Fungal Pathogens, Parasitic Infections and Medical Entomology
• 58 Fungi
• Fungal diseases of humans
• Superficial infections
• Subcutaneous infections
• Systemic mycoses
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical Scenario
• 59 Protozoa
• Sporozoa
• Amoebae
• Flagellates
• Other pathogenic protozoa
• Recommended Reading
• MCQs
• Clinical Scenario
• 60 Helminths
• Nematodes
• Trematodes
• Cestodes
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• 61 Arthropods
• Medical importance of arthropods
• Insects
• Arachnids
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Clinical scenario
• Part 6 Diagnosis, Treatment and Control Of Infection
• 62 Infective syndromes
• Specific syndromes
• General syndromes
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• 63 Laboratory investigations
• Collection of specimens
• Transport
• Reception
• Specimen processing in the laboratory
• Communication of results of laboratory investigations
• Notification of infectious diseases
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• 64 Molecular methods in diagnostic microbiology
• Introduction
• Molecular diagnostics—the historical perspective
• Molecular techniques—the gold standards
• Global trends in molecular techniques
• Molecular techniques: polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
• Key challenges for the future
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• 65 Management of antimicrobial chemotherapy
• Principles of antimicrobial therapy
• Principles of in vitro susceptibility testing and the different methods
• Principles of using antimicrobials agents in prophylaxis
• Antimicrobial stewardship
• Recommended Reading
• MCQs
• 66 Epidemiology and control of community infections
• Introduction
• Epidemiological principles
• The spread of infection
• Outbreaks of infection
• Mathematical models
• Association and causation of infection
• Conclusion
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• 67 Healthcare–associated infections
• Definition and classification
• Epidemiology
• Sources
• Common infections
• Common organisms
• Routes of transmission
• Prevention and control
• Infection control policy
• Efficacy of infection control
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• 68 Immunisation
• Rationale of immunisation
• Passive immunization
• Active immunisation
• Controlled studies of vaccines
• Contraindications to the use of vaccines
• Herd immunity
• Immunisation programmes
• Immunisation schedules
• Notes on common vaccines in use
• Protecting the traveller
• Unresolved problems
• Recommended reading
• MCQs
• Index