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• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• List of Boxes
• Acknowledgements
• Preface
• 1 Introduction
• Tourism and the Natural Environment
• Natural Areas as a Focus for Tourism
• Nature and Naturalness
• Human Approaches to Nature
• Types of Natural Area
• Tourism and Tourists
• Defining Sustainable Tourism
• Natural Area Tourism in Context
• The Spectrum of Natural Area Tourism
• Key Issues for Natural Area Tourism in the 21st Century
• Outline of the Book
• 2 The Ecological Perspective
• Introduction
• An Introduction to Ecosystems and Landscapes
• Ecological Characteristics and Tourism Activity in Different Types of Ecosystem
• Wildlife as a Specific Component of Ecosystems
• Conclusion
• 3 Environmental Impacts
• Introduction
• Sources of Impact
• Trampling
• Access Roads and Trails
• Use of Built Facilities and Camping Areas
• Use of Water Edges
• Recreation and Tourism in Mountainous Areas
• Recreation and Tourism in and around Caves
• The Observation of Wildlife
• Wildflower Tourism
• Recreation and Tourism Focused on Sites of Geological Interest
• Social Impacts
• The Impacts of Natural Area Tourism in the Context of Wider Environmental Issues
• Conclusion
• 4 Visitor Planning
• Introduction
• Stakeholder Involvement in Visitor Planning
• Planning Concepts
• Recreation/Tourism Planning Frameworks
• Conclusion
• 5 Management Strategies and Actions
• Introduction
• Creating Protected Areas
• Governance and Joint Management
• Zoning
• Site Management Actions
• Visitor Management Actions
• Choosing Management Actions
• Managing the Tourism Industry
• Conclusion
• 6 Interpretation for Nature Tourism
• Introduction
• Principles
• Stages of the Interpretive Experience
• Application of Interpretation
• Techniques Used in the Delivery of Interpretation
• The Role and Effectiveness of Interpretation
• Enhancing and Valuing the Role of the Tour Guide: Some Important Issues
• The Tour Operator as a Role Model
• Views on the Effectiveness of Interpretation
• Conclusion
• 7 Monitoring
• Introduction
• Definition
• Reasons for Monitoring
• Principles of Monitoring
• Developing a Monitoring Programme
• Monitoring Visitor Impacts on Natural Areas
• Monitoring Visitors to Natural Areas
• System-Wide and Integrated Approaches
• Conclusion
• 8 Conclusion
• Introduction
• The Ecological Underpinnings of Natural Area Tourism
• Tourism’s Impacts on Natural Areas
• Appropriate Planning and Management Strategies
• Monitoring – The Ongoing Commitment to Natural Area Management
• Interpretation – The Bridge Between Visitation and Connection
• Big Picture Issues – Sustainability and Climate Change
• Emerging Research Trends
• References
• Index