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• Half Title Page
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Contents
• 1. Natural Hazards and Disasters: When Potential Becomes Reality
• Natural Disasters: A Normal State of Affairs
• Definitions: Natural Hazards and Disasters
• The Components of Natural Hazards: An Evolution
• Physical Perspectives
• Human Dimensions
• Structural Constraints and Societal Controls
• A Time–Space Context for Hazard Classification
• Significance of Hazard Losses
• Deaths
• Temporal Trends
• Spatial Patterns
• Geophysical Typologies
• Spatial and Temporal Trends: Explanation and Integration
• Hazards: Risk and Vulnerability
• Hazards: Players and Decision Makers
• Living with Hazards
• Fatalities, Survivors, and Others
• Hazards and Health
• Physical Problems
• Mental Health Problems
• An Integrative Framework for Analyzing Hazards
• 2. Physical Dimensions of Natural Hazards
• Introduction
• The Traditional Approach
• Geophysical Processes
• Physical Mechanisms
• Magnitude
• Meteorological Events
• Hydrological Events
• Geological Events
• Chapter Summary
• 3. Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Natural Hazards
• Introduction
• Spatial Distribution
• Spatial Extent
• Summary
• Temporal Distribution
• Duration
• Frequency
• Seasonality
• Diurnal Factors: Differences between Day and Night
• Speed of Onset
• Theoretical Integration
• 4. Perception Studies: The Individual in Natural Hazards
• Introduction
• Underlying Hypotheses, or Easy Questions with Complex Answers
• Locational Decision Making in Hazardous Areas
• Evacuation Decision Making
• Bizarre Decision Making in Hazardous Events
• Philosophical Approaches
• Behavioral Approaches
• Preference Models
• Utility Models
• Political-Economy Approaches
• Summary
• Perception of Hazards: Contributing Factors
• Situational Factors: The Physical Environment
• Situational Factors: The Socioeconomic Environment
• Culture
• Experience
• Cognitive Factors
• Psychological Factors
• Attitudinal Factors
• Integration and Explanation
• 5. Behavioral Studies: Community Attitudes and Adjustment
• Introduction
• Choices for Communities
• Community Attitudes: A Complex of Variables
• Community Values, Norms, and Beliefs
• Size and Interorganizational Relationships
• Influences on Decision Making and Decision Makers
• Temporal Patterns in Community Response
• Immediate Postdisaster Response and Recovery
• The Important Components of Recovery
• Experience
• Leadership
• Interorganizational and Intergovernmental Coordination
• Summary
• Community Attitudes and Responses after the Cleanup
• Return to Normalcy
• Community Response Options
• Actors and Factors in Long-Term Community Response
• Maintenance of Community Attitudes and Adjustments
• Summary
• Mandated Community Adjustment
• Conclusion and Integration
• 6. Public Policy and Natural Hazards
• Introduction
• Public Problem, Public Policy
• The Goals of Policy
• Policy Implementation: Alternative Strategies
• Categories of Policy Implementation
• Regulatory Approaches
• Summary
• Programmatic Options
• Cooperative and Mandated Programs
• Constraints on Public Policy
• Physical and Technical Constraints
• Financial and Economic Constraints
• Legal, Administrative, and Ownership Constraints
• Other Constraints
• Levels of Government Involvement
• Conclusion and Integration
• The Need for Broader Planning
• Risk Assessment
• Comprehensive Planning and Policy Development
• 7. The Economic Impacts of Hazards and Disasters
• Introduction
• The Range of Considerations
• Economic Impacts of Events
• Immediate Losses from an Event
• Relief Aid Following an Event
• Long-Term Hazard-Related Impacts
• Predicting Losses
• Long-Term Impacts on the Housing Market: A Special Case
• The Economic Impacts of Policy Options and Adjustments
• Cost–Benefit Analysis
• The Indirect Economic Impacts of Adjustment Choices
• Conclusion and Integration
• 8. Risk Assessment
• Introduction
• What Is Risk?
• Hazard Risk
• Choice of Action/Survivors of Circumstance
• Outcomes: Probability and Consequence
• Uncertainty
• Risk Communication
• Risk Analysis: Different Views Yield Different Decisions
• Measures of Risk
• Perceived Risk
• Accepted and Acceptable Risks
• Availability of Information and the Role of the Media
• Summary
• The Changing Nature of Risk
• Risks from Nature and Risks from Technology
• Changing Risks by Mitigation
• Risks from Multiple Natural Hazards
• Summary
• Risk Management
• Elements of the Risk Management Process
• Conclusion and Integration
• 9. An Integrated Approach to Natural Hazards
• Theoretical and Contextual Frameworks
• Physical Characteristics of Natural Hazards
• Political-Economic Factors
• Individual and Societal Dimensions
• Social Elements
• Risk and Vulnerability
• Hazard Mitigation in Context
• The Disaster–Damage–Repair–Disaster Cycle
• Survival Amid Catastrophe
• International Initiatives
• Technological and Structural Fixes
• Data Deficiencies
• Isolated Management of Disaster Situations
• Resistant Political Forces
• Progress in Unifying Concerns
• Modeling Vulnerability and Resilience
• The Future of Hazard Reduction
• References
• Index
• About the Authors