Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Half Title
• Series Information
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Figures
• Tables
• List of Contributors
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Part I Setting the scene
• 1 Introduction: The planning pyramid
• The argument for Nordic Experiences of Sustainable Planning: Policy and Practice
• Nordic countries
• Sustainability
• Planning
• Planning pyramid: The ideology of the book
• Nature
• Economy
• Government and regulations
• Built environment
• Liveability
• Summary
• The organization of the book
• Part I: Setting the scene
• Part II: Nature and economy
• Part III: Government and regulations
• Part IV: Built environment
• Part V: Liveable community
• Part VI: Future scenarios
• Conclusions
• References
• 2 Enduring the neo-liberal rollercoaster: Resilience or sustainability as planning theory’s response?
• Introduction on resilience and planning theory
• Sustainability and resilience: Conceptual relationships
• Resilience and flexibility
• Neo-liberalism and its tendency to create economic crises
• Neo-liberal resilience: Competitiveness, not resistance
• Planning as technology for resilience
• Conclusion
• References
• Part II Nature and economy
• 3 The physical frame of planning
• Introduction
• Iceland
• Landscape
• Physical analysis
• Map analysis
• Landscape
• Formation
• Reykjavík in 1887
• Reykjavík in 1956
• Maps and superficial deposits
• The physical frame – the Icelandic landscape
• Physical restraints
• Summary
• Notes
• References
• 4 Co-management in environmental planning: An alternative to the precautionary principle
• Introduction
• Theoretical framework: co-production of knowledge, monitoring and precaution
• Negotiating knowledge
• Scientific knowledge and monitoring
• Co-production of knowledge
• The precautionary principle
• The case study
• Regulation of East Svalbard
• A suggested closure and a management plan process
• The precautionary model being challenged
• Non-scientific knowledge production
• Towards a co-management model?
• Notes
• References
• 5 Cycles in housing markets, policy and finance
• Introduction
• A simple model of the building cycle
• Cycles in the Icelandic housing market
• History of urbanisation in the twentieth century
• The recent cycle in residential housing markets
• Housing finance regulation and macro-prudential policy tools
• Macro-prudential policies
• Macro-prudential regulations for housing finance
• Implementation of macro-prudential regulation for housing finance
• Some potential conflicts
• Alternative approaches
• Discussion
• Summary and conclusions
• References
• Part III Government and regulations
• 6 The planning system and practice in Norway
• Introduction
• Planning theory
• The development of the planning system in Norway
• The current planning system
• Objection in planning
• Democracy in planning
• Market-led planning
• Conclusion
• References
• 7 The new DNA of Danish spatial planning culture: The case of regional planning
• Introduction
• Conceptualising planning culture in a spatial development and policy context
• Culture, policy and planning
• Planning culture
• The changing context of planning in Denmark and the region of North Denmark
• Changes in the Danish spatial planning system and regional planning
• Regional planning activities in North Denmark
• Concluding discussion
• Acknowledgements
• References
• 8 The history of Swedish planning
• 1800–1900
• 1900–1970
• 1970–2000
• 2000–2016
• Milestones in Swedish planning history and attention to sustainability
• References
• 9 Icelandic planning: Milestones of sustainability
• Introduction
• Late urbanisation
• Sustainability factors
• Equity
• Day-to-day solutions
• Danish design
• Emphasising the environment
• Economy
• The planning system
• The history of planning and the growth of Reykjavík
• The current planning system
• Recent changes to the planning system
• Country planning policy
• Regional plan
• Municipal plan
• Neighbourhood plans
• Site plan
• The three pillars of sustainability in planning
• References
• 10 Balancing between efficiency and sustainability: Discourses on the Finnish land-use planning system
• Introduction
• Inefficiencies in Finnish planning: Current strands of criticism
• Finnish hierarchical planning system and its problems
• Regional planning
• Municipal planning
• Public participation and appeals to court
• Studies and impact assessments as deterrents of fluency in planning
• Conclusions: Efficiency of planning processes or effective planning for sustainability?
• References
• Part IV Built environment
• 11 How does the carbon-neutral settlement of Brøset contribute to a new paradigm in planning the urban fabric?
• Introduction
• Ambitious goals for a sustainable urban development
• Paradigm and discourse
• Low-energy community as a planning paradigm
• Brøset project and the urban structure
• The planning programme
• The parallel assignment
• The evaluation committee’s report
• Proposed zoning plan
• Towards a new planning paradigm?
• References
• 12 A suburb in limbo: From an idea conceived in an economic boom and realised during a crisis: a case study of a Reykjavík suburb
• Introduction
• The Icelandic context
• Business cycles and building cycles
• Theoretical frame/urban morphology methods
• Case study
• Findings – from frame-plan, through legal site-plan, to reality
• The central city pond
• Streets and street system
• Plots and buildings
• Conclusions
• Afterword
• References
• 13 Three restricted developer competitions: Experiences from Sweden
• Introduction
• Research area
• Literature review
• Research aim
• Theory and method
• Model
• Case studies
• Case 1: Senior housing in Danderyd
• Case 2: Rental apartments in Nacka
• Case 3: Apartment/housing block in Trelleborg
• Result
• Competition form – Why restricted competitions?
• Invitation – How are the documents produced?
• Information needs – Does the organizer get a good picture of the candidates?
• The judging procedure – How are the candidates evaluated?
• The participation and judging model – Who sits on the selection committees?
• Experience from prequalification – Are the organizers pleased with the procedure?
• Conclusions and discussion
• Summary
• Acknowledgement
• Notes
• References
• Part V Liveable community
• 14 Finnish local government reform: Juxtaposing cost structures and the centre-periphery relations of municipalities in urban regions
• Introduction
• Aim of the study
• Financial interrelationships of urban regions’ municipalities
• Revenues
• Expenditure
• Statistical and geographical information about municipalities in urban regions
• Selection of municipalities
• Defining distances for municipalities
• The situation in 2005–2006 and in 2009–2010
• Analysis of links between municipalities and cost structures in urban regions
• Income subject to municipal income tax and total tax revenue received by municipalities in 2005 and 2010
• Net operating costs and investment
• Conclusions
• Funding
• Notes
• References
• 15 Rebound effects for reduced car ownership and driving
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Research material and methods
• Research material and the assessment of carbon footprints
• Setting up the frame for the research
• Calculation of the rebound effect
• Multivariable regression models
• Results
• Rebound effects
• Carbon footprints illustrating the studied rebound effects
• The carbon footprints of urban and rural residents, and regression analyses
• Discussion, conclusions and policy implications
• References
• 16 When planners aim for more sustainable cities: Lessons from Scandinavia
• Introduction
• Planning and performativity
• The planner’s mediated negotiations for the light rail in Aarhus (Denmark)
• The planner’s communicative strategies in the making of the Trondheim Environmental Package for Transport (Norway)
• What is required of planners when aiming for sustainable cities?
• Recognising specific windows of opportunity
• Anticipating and responding to political signals
• Conducting communicative, persuasive and improvised actions while elaborating plans
• Creating an heuristic of urban sustainability and liveability
• Lessons for planning when aiming for sustainable cities
• Notes
• References
• Part VI Future scenarios
• 17 Urbanity as a strategic aim: Will the Nordic cities be sustainable in 2030?
• Introduction
• The sustainable urban form
• How sustainable is an urban lifestyle?
• The future of the Nordic cities: To be liveable, urban and sustainable
• Main goals: Quality of life, green growth and climate friendliness
• Denser cities
• Local sustainable lifestyles
• Green cities
• Sustainable Nordic cities after 2030?
• References
• 18 Discussion and conclusions
• Index