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• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• Preface
• About the Authors
• Chapter 1 Food Choices: Nutrients and Nourishment
• Why Do We Eat the Way We Do?
• Personal Preferences
• Sensory Influences: Taste, Smell, and Texture
• Emotional and Cognitive Influences
• Environment
• Going Green
• FYI: Food and Culture
• The American Diet
• Introducing the Nutrients
• Definition of Nutrients
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water
• Nutrients and Energy
• Energy in Foods
• Diet and Health
• Applying the Scientific Process to Nutrition
• From Research Study to Headline
• Publishing Experimental Results
• Sorting Facts and Fallacies in the Media
• FYI: The Affordable Care Act and Nutrition
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• Getting Personal
• References
• Chapter 2 Nutrition Guidelines and Assessment
• Linking Nutrients, Foods, and Health
• Going Green: Is the American Diet Contributing to a Warmer Planet?
• Dietary Guidelines
• Dietary Guidelines for Americans
• From Dietary Guidelines to Planning: What You Will Eat
• A Brief History of Food Group Plans
• FYI: MyPlate: Foods, Serving Sizes, and Tips
• Canada’s Guidelines for Healthy Eating
• Using MyPlate or Canada’s Food Guide in Diet Planning
• FYI: Portion Distortion
• Exchange Lists
• Using the Exchange Lists in Diet Planning
• Recommendations for Nutrient Intake: The DRIs
• Understanding Dietary Standards
• A Brief History of Dietary Standards
• Dietary Reference Intakes
• Use of Dietary Standards
• Food Labels
• Ingredients and Other Basic Information
• Nutrition Facts Panel
• Daily Values
• Nutrient Content Claims
• Health Claims
• Structure/Function Claims
• FYI: Definitions for Nutrient Content Claims on Food Labels
• Using Labels to Make Healthful Food Choices
• Nutrition Assessment: Determining Nutritional Health
• The Continuum of Nutritional Status
• Nutrition Assessment of Individuals
• Nutrition Assessment of Populations
• Nutrition Assessment Methods
• Anthropometric Measurements
• Biochemical Tests
• Clinical Observations
• Dietary Intake
• Methods of Evaluating Dietary Intake Data
• Outcomes of Nutrition Assessment
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• Getting Personal
• References
• Spotlight on Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods
• Dietary Supplements: Vitamins and Minerals
• Moderate Supplementation
• Megadoses in Conventional Medical Management
• Megadosing Beyond Conventional Medicine: Orthomolecular Nutrition
• Drawbacks of Megadoses
• Dietary Supplements: Natural Health Products
• Helpful Herbs, Harmful Herbs
• Other Dietary Supplements
• Dietary Supplements in the Marketplace
• The FTC and Supplement Advertising
• The FDA and Supplement Regulation
• Supplement Labels
• FYI: Shopping for Supplements
• Canadian Regulations
• Choosing Dietary Supplements
• Fraudulent Products
• Functional Foods
• Phytochemicals Make Foods Functional
• Foods Enhanced with Functional Ingredients and Additives
• Regulatory Issues for Functional Foods
• Health Claims for Functional Foods
• Structure/Function Claims for Functional Foods
• Strategies for Functional Food Use
• FYI: Defining Complementary and Integrative Health: How Does Nutrition Fit?
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• Getting Personal
• References
• Chapter 3 Digestion and Absorption
• Taste and Smell: The Beginnings of Our Food Experience
• The Gastrointestinal Tract
• Organization of the GI Tract
• A Closer Look at Gastrointestinal Structure
• Overview of Digestion: Physical and Chemical Processes
• The Physical Movement and Breakdown of Food
• The Chemical Breakdown of Food
• Overview of Absorption
• The Four Roads to Nutrient Absorption
• Going Green: Air + Water + Brown Stuff + Green Stuff = Compost!
• Assisting Organs
• Salivary Glands
• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Pancreas
• Putting It All Together: Digestion and Absorption
• Mouth
• Stomach
• Small Intestine
• FYI: Celiac Disease and Gluten Sensitivity
• The Large Intestine
• Circulation of Nutrients
• Vascular System
• Lymphatic System
• Excretion and Elimination
• Signaling Systems: Command, Control, and Defense
• Nervous System
• Hormonal System
• Nutrition Science in Action: Screen Time and Diet Quality
• Influences on Digestion and Absorption
• Psychological Influences
• Chemical Influences
• Bacterial Influences
• Nutrition and GI Disorders
• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Diverticulosis
• FYI: Bugs in Your Gut? Health Effects of Intestinal Bacteria
• Heartburn and Gastroesophageal Reflux
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Colorectal Cancer
• Gas
• Ulcers
• Functional Dyspepsia
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Getting Personal
• References
• Chapter 4 Carbohydrates
• What Are Carbohydrates?
• Simple Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
• Monosaccharides: The Single Sugars
• Disaccharides: The Double Sugars
• Complex Carbohydrates
• Oligosaccharides
• Polysaccharides
• Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption
• Digestion
• Absorption
• Carbohydrates in the Body
• Normal Use of Glucose
• Regulating Blood Glucose Levels
• Inadequate Regulation of Blood Glucose Levels: Diabetes Mellitus
• Carbohydrates in the Diet
• Recommendations for Carbohydrate Intake
• Current Consumption
• Choosing Carbohydrates Wisely
• FYI: The Glycemic Index of Foods: Useful or Useless?
• Moderating Added Sugar Intake
• Going Green: Whole Grains: Delicious, Easy to Prepare, Affordable, Good for Your Health, and Good for the Environment
• Nutrition Science in Action: Sugar-Sweetened and Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Carbohydrates and Health
• Sugar and Dental Caries
• FYI: Unfounded Claims Against Sugars
• Fiber and Obesity
• Fiber and Type 2 Diabetes
• Fiber and Cardiovascular Disease
• Fiber and Gastrointestinal Disorders
• Negative Health Effects of Excess Fiber
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• References
• Chapter 5 Lipids
• What Are Lipids?
• Fatty Acids Are Key Building Blocks
• Chain Length
• Saturation
• Geometric and Positional Isomers
• Essential and Nonessential Fatty Acids
• Omega-3, Omega-6, and Omega-9 Fatty Acids
• Building Eicosanoids and Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids
• Triglycerides
• Triglyceride Structure
• Triglyceride Functions
• Triglycerides in Food
• Commercial Processing of Fats
• Going Green: Fish: Good for You and the Environment
• FYI: Fats on the Health Store Shelf
• Phospholipids
• Phospholipid Structure
• Phospholipid Functions
• FYI: Which Spread for Your Bread?
• Phospholipids in Food
• Sterols
• Sterol Structure
• Cholesterol Functions
• Cholesterol Synthesis
• Sterols in Food
• Lipids in the Body
• Lipid Digestion
• Lipid Absorption
• Digestion and Absorption of Sterols
• Transportation of Lipids in the Body
• Chylomicrons
• Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein
• Intermediate-Density Lipoprotein
• Low-Density Lipoprotein
• High-Density Lipoprotein
• Lipids in the Diet
• Recommendations for Fat Intake
• Recommendations for Omega Fatty Acid Intake
• Health Effects of Omega Fatty Acids
• Current Dietary Intakes
• Fat Replacers: What Are They? Are They Safe? Do They Save Calories?
• Lipids and Health
• FYI: Does “Reduced Fat” Reduce Calories? Don’t Count on It!
• Obesity
• Heart Disease
• Cancer
• Nutrition Science in Action: Green Tea and Blood Lipids
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• Getting Personal
• References
• Chapter 6 Proteins and Amino Acids
• Why Is Protein Important?
• Amino Acids Are the Building Blocks of Proteins
• Amino Acids Are Identified by Their Side Groups
• Protein Structure: Unique Three-Dimensional Shapes and Functions
• Protein Denaturation: Destabilizing a Protein’s Shape
• Functions of Body Proteins
• Structural and Mechanical Functions
• Enzymes
• Hormones
• FYI: Scrabble Anyone?
• Going Green: Send in the Proteins
• Immune Function
• Fluid Balance
• Acid–Base Balance
• Transport Functions
• Source of Energy and Glucose
• Protein Digestion and Absorption
• Protein Digestion
• Amino Acid and Peptide Absorption
• Proteins in the Body
• Protein Synthesis
• The Amino Acid Pool and Protein Turnover
• Synthesis of Nonprotein Molecules
• Protein and Nitrogen Excretion
• Nitrogen Balance
• Proteins in the Diet
• Recommended Intakes of Protein
• Protein Consumption
• FYI: Do Athletes Need More Protein?
• Protein Quality
• Evaluating Protein Quality and Digestibility
• Estimating Your Protein Intake
• Proteins and Amino Acids as Additives and Supplements
• Vegetarian Diets
• Why People Become Vegetarians
• Types of Vegetarians
• Health Benefits of Vegetarian Diets
• Health Risks of Vegetarian Diets
• Dietary Recommendations for Vegetarians
• FYI: High-Protein Plant Foods
• The Health Effects of Too Little or Too Much Protein
• Protein-Energy Malnutrition
• FYI: High-Protein Diets and Supplements
• Excess Dietary Protein
• Nutrition Science in Action: High-Protein Diets and Kidney Function
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• Getting Personal
• References
• Chapter 7 Alcohol
• History of Alcohol Use
• The Character of Alcohol
• Alcohol: Is It a Nutrient?
• Alcohol and Its Sources
• Alcohol Absorption and Metabolism
• Clearing Alcohol from the Blood
• The Morning After
• Treating a Hangover
• Individual Differences in Responses to Alcohol
• When Alcohol Becomes a Problem
• Alcohol in the Brain and the Nervous System
• Alcohol’s Effect on the Gastrointestinal System
• FYI: Myths About Alcohol
• FYI: Changing the Culture of Campus Drinking
• Alcohol and the Liver
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
• Alcoholics and Malnutrition
• Poor Diet
• Vitamin Deficiencies
• Mineral Deficiencies
• Macronutrients
• Body Weight
• Does Alcohol Have Benefits?
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• References
• Chapter 8 Metabolism
• Energy: Fuel for Work
• Transferring Food Energy to Cellular Energy
• What Is Metabolism?
• The Cell Is the Metabolic Processing Center
• Who Are the Key Energy Players?
• ATP: The Body’s Energy Currency
• NADH and FADH2: The Body’s Energy Shuttles
• NADPH: An Energy Shuttle for Biosynthesis
• Breakdown and Release of Energy
• Extracting Energy from Carbohydrate
• Extracting Energy from Fat
• Fat Burns in a Flame of Carbohydrate
• Going Green: Biofuel Versus Fossil Fuel
• Extracting Energy from Protein
• Alcohol Metabolism
• Metabolizing Small Amounts of Alcohol
• Metabolizing Large Amounts of Alcohol
• Biosynthesis and Storage
• Making Carbohydrate (Glucose)
• Making Fat (Fatty Acids)
• Making Ketone Bodies
• FYI: Do Carbohydrates Turn into Fat?
• Making Protein (Amino Acids)
• Regulation of Metabolism
• FYI: Key Intersections Direct Metabolic Traffic
• Hormones of Metabolism
• Special States
• Feasting
• Fasting
• FYI: Metabolic Profiles of Important Sites
• Nutrition Science in Action: Energy Intake and Expenditure During Video Games and Television Watching
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• References
• Chapter 9 Energy Balance and Weight Management: Finding Your Equilibrium
• Energy In
• Regulation of Food Intake
• Control by Committee
• Energy Out: Fuel Uses
• Major Components of Energy Expenditure
• The Measurement of Energy Expenditure
• Estimating Total Energy Expenditure
• DRIs for Energy: Estimated Energy Requirements
• FYI: How Many Calories Do I Burn?
• Body Composition: Understanding Fatness and Weight
• Assessing Body Weight
• Assessing Body Fatness
• Body Fat Distribution
• Weight Management
• The Perception of Weight
• What Goals Should I Set?
• Adopting a Healthy Weight-Management Lifestyle
• Diet and Eating Habits
• Going Green: Salad Days
• Physical Activity
• Thinking and Emotions
• FYI: Learning Weight Management from Some of the “Biggest” Weight Experts: Sumo Wrestlers
• Weight-Management Approaches
• FYI: Behaviors That Will Help You Manage Your Weight
• Underweight
• Causes and Assessment
• Weight-Gain Strategies
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• References
• Spotlight on Obesity: The Growing Epidemic
• Factors in the Development of Obesity
• Biological Factors
• Social and Environmental Factors
• FYI: U.S. Obesity Trends: A Relentless Increase
• FYI: Does Our Environment Make Us Fat?
• Lifestyle and Behavior Factors
• FYI: Is Food Addiction Real?
• Childhood Overweight
• Let’s Move!
• Health Risks of Overweight and Obesity
• FYI: Childhood and Teenage Obesity: “The First Generation That Does Not Outlive Its Parents”
• Weight Cycling
• Obesity Is a Preventable National Crisis
• FYI: Can Medicines Lead to Obesity?
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• References
• Chapter 10 Fat-Soluble Vitamins
• Understanding Vitamins
• Anatomy of the Vitamins
• Fat-Soluble Versus Water-Soluble Vitamins
• Storage and Toxicity
• Provitamins
• Vitamins in Foods
• Vitamin A: The Retinoids and Carotenoids
• Forms of Vitamin A
• Storage and Transport of Vitamin A
• Functions of Vitamin A
• FYI: A Short History of Vitamins
• Dietary Recommendations for Vitamin A
• Sources of Vitamin A
• Vitamin A Deficiency
• Vitamin A Toxicity
• The Carotenoids
• Vitamin D
• Forms and Formation of Vitamin D
• Functions of Vitamin D
• Going Green: Vitamin Buddies
• Dietary Recommendations for Vitamin D
• Sources of Vitamin D
• Vitamin D Deficiency
• Nutrition Science in Action: Vitamin D Supplements: D2 Versus D3
• Vitamin D Toxicity
• Vitamin E
• Forms of Vitamin E
• Functions of Vitamin E
• Dietary Recommendations for Vitamin E
• Sources of Vitamin E
• Vitamin E Deficiency
• Vitamin E Toxicity
• Vitamin K
• Functions of Vitamin K
• Dietary Recommendations for Vitamin K
• Sources of Vitamin K
• Vitamin K Deficiency
• Vitamin K Toxicity
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• Getting Personal
• References
• Chapter 11 Water-Soluble Vitamins
• The Water-Soluble Vitamins: Eight Bs and a C
• The B Vitamins
• Thiamin
• Functions of Thiamin
• Dietary Recommendations for Thiamin
• Sources of Thiamin
• Thiamin Deficiency
• FYI: Fresh, Frozen, or Canned? Raw, Dried, or Cooked? Selecting and Preparing Foods to Maximize Nutrient Content
• Thiamin Toxicity
• Riboflavin
• Functions of Riboflavin
• Dietary Recommendations for Riboflavin
• Sources of Riboflavin
• Riboflavin Deficiency
• Riboflavin Toxicity
• Niacin
• Functions of Niacin
• Dietary Recommendations for Niacin
• Sources of Niacin
• Niacin Deficiency
• Niacin Toxicity and Medicinal Uses of Niacin
• Pantothenic Acid
• Functions of Pantothenic Acid
• Dietary Recommendations for Pantothenic Acid
• Sources of Pantothenic Acid
• Pantothenic Acid Deficiency
• Pantothenic Acid Toxicity
• Biotin
• Functions of Biotin
• Dietary Recommendations for Biotin
• Sources of Biotin
• Biotin Deficiency
• Biotin Toxicity
• Vitamin B6
• Functions of Vitamin B6
• Dietary Recommendations for Vitamin B6
• Sources of Vitamin B6
• Vitamin B6 Deficiency
• Vitamin B6 Toxicity and Medicinal Uses of Vitamin B6
• Folate
• Functions of Folate
• Dietary Recommendations for Folate
• Sources of Folate
• Folate Deficiency
• Vitamin B12
• Functions of Vitamin B12
• Absorption of Vitamin B12
• Dietary Recommendations for Vitamin B12
• Going Green: Resisting Oxidative Stress
• Sources of Vitamin B12
• Vitamin B12 Deficiency
• Vitamin B12 Toxicity
• Vitamin C
• Functions of Vitamin C
• Dietary Recommendations for Vitamin C
• Sources of Vitamin C
• Vitamin C Deficiency
• Vitamin C Toxicity
• Choline: A Vitamin-like Compound
• Conditional Nutrients
• Bogus Vitamins
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• References
• Chapter 12 Water and Major Minerals
• Water: The Essential Ingredient for Life
• Functions of Water
• Electrolytes and Water: A Delicate Equilibrium
• Intake Recommendations: How Much Water Is Enough?
• Water Excretion: Where Does the Water Go?
• Water Balance
• Alcohol, Caffeine, and Common Medications Affect Fluid Balance
• Dehydration
• Water Intoxication
• Going Green: The Thirst for Water Resources
• FYI: Tap, Filtered, or Bottled: Which Water Is Best?
• Major Minerals
• Minerals in Fluid Balance
• Minerals in Foods
• Bioavailability
• Sodium
• Functions of Sodium
• Hyponatremia
• Hypernatremia
• Hypertension
• Nutrition Science in Action: Calcium and Vitamin D and Abdominal Fat in Overweight and Obese Adults
• Potassium
• Functions of Potassium
• Dietary Recommendations for Potassium
• Sources of Potassium
• Hypokalemia
• Hyperkalemia
• Chloride
• Functions of Chloride
• Dietary Recommendations for Chloride
• Sources of Chloride
• Hypochloremia
• Calcium
• Functions of Calcium
• Regulation of Blood Calcium
• Dietary Recommendations for Calcium
• Sources of Calcium
• Calcium Absorption
• Hypocalcemia
• FYI: Calcium Supplements: Are They Right for You?
• Hypercalcemia
• Osteoporosis
• Phosphorus
• Functions of Phosphorus
• Dietary Recommendations for Phosphorus
• Sources of Phosphorus
• Hypophosphatemia
• Hyperphosphatemia
• Magnesium
• Functions of Magnesium
• Dietary Recommendations for Magnesium
• Sources of Magnesium
• Hypomagnesemia
• Hypermagnesemia
• Sulfur
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• References
• Chapter 13 Trace Minerals
• What Are Trace Elements?
• Why Are Trace Elements Important?
• Other Characteristics of Trace Elements
• Iron
• Functions of Iron
• Regulation of Iron in the Body
• Dietary Recommendations for Iron
• Sources of Iron
• Iron Deficiency and Measurement of Iron Status
• Iron Toxicity
• Going Green: Could Iron Help Cool Global Warming?
• Zinc
• Functions of Zinc
• Regulation of Zinc in the Body
• Dietary Recommendations for Zinc
• Sources of Zinc
• Zinc Deficiency
• Zinc Toxicity
• Selenium
• FYI: Zinc and the Common Cold
• Functions of Selenium
• Regulation of Selenium in the Body
• Dietary Recommendations for Selenium
• Sources of Selenium
• Selenium Deficiency
• Selenium Toxicity
• Iodine
• Functions of Iodine
• Iodine Absorption and Metabolism
• Dietary Recommendations for Iodine
• Sources of Iodine
• Iodine Deficiency
• Iodine Toxicity
• Copper
• Functions of Copper
• Copper Absorption, Use, and Metabolism
• Dietary Recommendations and Food Sources for Copper
• Copper Deficiency
• Copper Toxicity
• Manganese
• Functions of Manganese
• Manganese Absorption, Use, and Homeostasis
• Dietary Recommendations and Food Sources for Manganese
• Manganese Deficiency
• Manganese Toxicity
• Fluoride
• Functions of Fluoride
• Fluoride Absorption and Excretion
• Dietary Recommendations for Fluoride
• Sources of Fluoride
• Fluoride Deficiency, Toxicity, and Pharmacological Applications
• Chromium
• Functions of Chromium
• Chromium Absorption, Transport, and Excretion
• Dietary Recommendations and Food Sources for Chromium
• Chromium Deficiency
• Chromium Toxicity
• Molybdenum
• Molybdenum Absorption, Use, and Metabolism
• Dietary Recommendations and Food Sources for Molybdenum
• FYI: Chromium, Exercise, and Body Composition
• Molybdenum Deficiency and Toxicity
• Other Trace Elements and Ultratrace Elements
• Arsenic
• Boron
• Nickel
• Silicon
• Vanadium
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• References
• Chapter 14 Sports Nutrition: Eating for Peak Performance
• Nutrition and Physical Performance
• Exercise Intensity
• Muscle-Strengthening Exercises
• Flexibility and Neuromotor Exercises
• Some Is Better Than None
• Energy Systems, Muscles, and Physical Performance
• ATP–CP Energy System
• Lactic Acid Energy System
• Oxygen Energy System
• Teamwork in Energy Production
• Glycogen Depletion
• Endurance Training
• Muscles and Muscle Fibers
• Optimal Nutrition for Athletic Performance
• Energy Intake and Exercise
• Carbohydrate and Exercise
• FYI: Lactate Is Not a Metabolic Dead-End
• Going Green: Exercise High
• Carbohydrate Loading
• Carbohydrate Intake Before Extensive Exercise
• Carbohydrate Intake During Extensive Exercise
• Carbohydrate Intake Following Extensive Exercise
• Dietary Fat and Exercise
• Fat Intake and the Athlete
• Protein and Exercise
• Protein Recommendations for Athletes
• FYI: Nutrition Periodization: Tailoring Nutrition Intake to Exercise Goals
• Protein Intake and the Athlete
• Protein Intake After Extensive Exercise
• Dangers of High Protein Intake
• Vitamins, Minerals, and Athletic Performance
• B Vitamins
• Calcium
• Iron
• Other Trace Minerals
• Fluid Needs During Extensive Exercise
• Hydration
• Sports Drinks
• Muscle Cramps
• Nutrition Needs of Young Athletes
• Nutrition Supplements and Ergogenic Aids
• Regulation and Concerns About Dietary and Herbal Supplements
• Convenience Supplements
• Weight-Gain Powders
• Nutrition Science in Action: Elite Adolescent Athletes’ Use of Dietary Supplements
• Amino Acids
• Creatine
• Antioxidants
• Caffeine
• Ephedrine
• Sodium Bicarbonate
• Chromium
• Iron
• Beta-Alanine
• Weight and Body Composition
• Weight Gain: Build Muscle, Lose Fat
• Weight Loss: The Panacea for Optimal Performance?
• Weight Loss: Negative Consequences for the Competitive Athlete?
• Female Athlete Triad
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• References
• Spotlight on Eating Disorders
• The Eating Disorder Continuum
• No Simple Causes
• Anorexia Nervosa
• Causes of Anorexia Nervosa
• Warning Signs
• Treatment
• Bulimia Nervosa
• Causes of Bulimia
• FYI: Diary of an Eating Disorder
• Obsessed by Thoughts of Food
• Treatment
• Binge-Eating Disorder
• Stress and Conflict Often Trigger Binge Eating
• Treatment
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder
• Night-Eating Syndrome
• Males: An Overlooked Population
• An Unrecognized Disorder
• Anorexia Athletica
• The Female Athlete Triad
• Triad Factor 1: Disordered Eating
• Triad Factor 2: Amenorrhea
• Triad Factor 3: Premature Osteoporosis
• Pregorexia
• Infantile Anorexia
• Combating Eating Disorders
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• References
• Chapter 15 Diet and Health
• Nutrition and Chronic Disease
• Nutrition Informatics
• Healthy People 2020
• Health Disparities
• Obesity and Chronic Disease
• Physical Inactivity and Chronic Disease
• Genetics and Disease
• The Workings of DNA and Genes
• Cardiovascular Disease
• The Cardiovascular System and Cardiovascular Disease
• What Is Atherosclerosis?
• Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis
• Dietary and Lifestyle Factors for Reducing Atherosclerosis Risk
• Nutrition Science in Action: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
• Putting It All Together
• Hypertension
• What Is Blood Pressure?
• What Is Hypertension?
• Renin and Hypertension
• Stress and Hypertension
• Risk Factors for Hypertension
• Dietary and Lifestyle Factors for Reducing Hypertension
• Putting It All Together
• Cancer
• What Is Cancer?
• Risk Factors for Cancer
• Dietary and Lifestyle Factors for Reducing Cancer Risk
• Going Green: What Do Smokers Eat?
• Putting It All Together
• Diabetes Mellitus
• What Is Diabetes?
• Low Blood Glucose Levels: Hypoglycemia
• Risk Factors for Diabetes
• FYI: The Pima Indians
• Dietary and Lifestyle Factors for Reducing Diabetes Risk
• Management of Diabetes
• Nutrition
• Putting It All Together
• Metabolic Syndrome
• Osteoporosis
• What Is Osteoporosis?
• Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
• Dietary and Lifestyle Factors for Reducing Osteoporosis Risk
• Putting It All Together
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• References
• Chapter 16 Life Cycle: Maternal and Infant Nutrition
• Pregnancy
• Nutrition Before Conception
• Physiology of Pregnancy
• Maternal Weight Gain
• Energy and Nutrition During Pregnancy
• Nutrients to Support Pregnancy
• FYI: Vegetarianism and Pregnancy
• Food Choices for Pregnant Women
• Substance Use and Pregnancy Outcome
• Special Situations During Pregnancy
• Lactation
• Breastfeeding Trends
• Physiology of Lactation
• Nutrition for Breastfeeding Women
• Practices to Avoid During Lactation
• Benefits of Breastfeeding
• Contraindications to Breastfeeding
• Resources for Pregnant and Lactating Women and Their Children
• Infancy
• Infant Growth and Development
• Energy and Nutrient Needs During Infancy
• Newborn Breastfeeding
• Alternative Feeding: Infant Formula
• Going Green: How Safe Are Plastics?
• Breast Milk or Formula: How Much Is Enough?
• Feeding Technique
• Introduction of Solid Foods into the Infant’s Diet
• Developmental Readiness for Solid Foods
• Feeding Problems During Infancy
• FYI: Fruit Juices and Drinks
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• References
• Chapter 17 Life Cycle: From Childhood to Adulthood
• Childhood
• Energy and Nutrient Needs During Childhood
• Influences on Childhood Food Habits and Intake
• FYI: Food Hypersensitivities and Allergies
• Nutritional Concerns of Childhood
• Going Green: Farmers’ Markets
• Adolescence
• Physical Growth and Development
• Nutrient Needs of Adolescents
• Nutrition-Related Concerns for Adolescents
• Staying Young While Growing Older
• Weight and Body Composition
• Physical Activity
• Immunity
• Taste and Smell
• Gastrointestinal Changes
• Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult
• Energy
• Protein
• Carbohydrate
• Fat
• Water
• Vitamins and Minerals
• To Supplement or Not to Supplement
• Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults
• Drug–Drug and Drug–Nutrient Interactions
• Depression
• Anorexia of Aging
• Arthritis
• Bowel and Bladder Regulation
• Dental Health
• Vision Problems
• Osteoporosis
• Alzheimer Disease
• Overweight and Obesity
• Meal Management for Mature Adults
• Managing Independently
• Wise Eating for One or Two
• Finding Community Resources
• Look Into the Future
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• References
• Chapter 18 Food Safety and Technology: Microbial Threats and Genetic Engineering
• Food Safety
• Harmful Substances in Foods
• FYI: Seafood Safety
• Keeping Food Safe
• Going Green: Ocean Pollution and Mercury Poisoning
• FYI: At War with Bioterrorism
• Who Is at Increased Risk for Foodborne Illness?
• FYI: Safe Food Practices
• A Final Word on Food Safety
• Food Technology
• Food Preservation
• Genetically Engineered Foods
• A Short Course in Plant Genetics
• FYI: Are Nutrigenomics in Your Future?
• Genetically Engineered Foods: An Unstoppable Experiment?
• Benefits of Genetic Engineering
• Risks
• Regulation
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• Getting Personal
• References
• Chapter 19 World View of Nutrition: The Faces of Global Malnutrition
• Malnutrition in the United States
• The Face of American Malnutrition
• Prevalence and Distribution
• Attacking Hunger in America
• FYI: Hungry and Homeless
• Malnutrition in the Developing World
• The World Food Equation
• Going Green: Can Chocolate Help the Planet?
• The Fight Against Global Hunger
• Social and Economic Factors
• Infection and Disease
• Political Disruptions
• FYI: AIDS and Malnutrition
• Agriculture and Environment: A Tricky Balance
• Environmental Degradation
• Malnutrition: Its Nature, Its Victims, and Its Eradication
• FYI: Tough Choices
• Learning Portfolio
• Key Terms
• Study Points
• Study Questions
• Try This
• References
• Appendix A Dietary Reference Intakes
• Appendix B Food Composition Tables
• Appendix C Exchange Lists for Diabetes
• Appendix D USDA Food Intake Patterns
• Appendix E Nutrition and Health for Canadians
• Appendix F The Gastrointestinal Tract
• Appendix G Biochemical Structures
• Appendix H Major Metabolic Pathways
• Appendix I Calculations and Conversions
• Appendix J Growth Charts
• Glossary
• Index