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• Operating Systems
• Contents
• Online Resources
• Preface
• About the Author
• Reader’s and Instructor’s Guide
• Outline of this Book
• Example Systems
• A Roadmap for Readers and Instructors
• Internet and Web Resources
• Part 1 Background
• Computer System Overview
• Basic Elements
• Evolution of the Microprocessor
• Instruction Execution
• Interrupts
• The Memory Hierarchy
• Cache Memory
• Direct Memory Access
• Multiprocessor and Multicore Organization
• Recommended Reading and Web Sites
• Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
• Appendix 1A Performance Characteristics of Two-level Memories
• Operating System Overview
• Operating System Objectives and Functions
• The Evolution of Operating Systems
• Major Achievements
• Developments Leading to Modern Operating Systems
• Virtual Machines
• OS Design Considerations for Multiprocessor and Multicore
• Microsoft Windows Overview
• Traditional UNIX Systems
• Modern UNIX Systems
• Linux
• Linux Vserver Virtual Machine Architecture
• Recommended Reading and Web Sites
• Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
• Part 2 Processes
• Process Description and Control
• What Is a Process?
• Process States
• Process Description
• Process Control
• Execution of the Operating System
• Security Issues
• UNIX SVR4 Process Management
• Summary
• Recommended Reading
• Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
• Threads
• Processes and Threads
• Types of Threads
• Multicore and Multithreading
• Windows 7 Thread and SMP Management
• Solaris Thread and SMP Management
• Linux Process and Thread Management
• Mac OS X Grand Central Dispatch
• Summary
• Recommended Reading
• Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
• Concurrency: Mutual Exclusion and Synchronization
• Principles of Concurrency
• Mutual Exclusion: Hardware Support
• Semaphores
• Monitors
• Message Passing
• Readers/Writers Problem
• Summary
• Recommended Reading
• Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
• Concurrency: Deadlock and Starvation
• Principles of Deadlock
• Deadlock Prevention
• Deadlock Avoidance
• Deadlock Detection
• An Integrated Deadlock Strategy
• Dining Philosophers Problem
• UNIX Concurrency Mechanisms
• Linux Kernel Concurrency Mechanisms
• Solaris Thread Synchronization Primitives
• Windows 7 Concurrency Mechanisms
• Summary
• Recommended Reading
• Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
• Part 3 Memory
• Memory Management
• Memory Management Requirements
• Memory Partitioning
• Paging
• Segmentation
• Security Issues
• Summary
• Recommended Reading
• Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
• Appendix 7A Loading and Linking
• Virtual Memory
• Hardware and Control Structures
• Operating System Software
• UNIX and Solaris Memory Management
• Linux Memory Management
• Windows Memory Management
• Summary
• Recommended Reading and Web Sites
• Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
• Part 4 Scheduling
• Uniprocessor Scheduling
• Types of Processor Scheduling
• Scheduling Algorithms
• Traditional UNIX Scheduling
• Summary
• Recommended Reading
• Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
• Multiprocessor and Real-Time Scheduling
• Multiprocessor Scheduling
• Real-time Scheduling
• Linux Scheduling
• UNIX SVR4 Scheduling
• UNIX FreeBSD Scheduling
• Windows Scheduling
• Linux Virtual Machine Process Scheduling
• Summary
• Recommended Reading
• Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
• Part 5 Input/Output and Files
• I/O Management and Disk Scheduling
• I/O Devices
• Organization of the I/O Function
• Operating System Design Issues
• I/O Buffering
• Disk Scheduling
• RAID
• Disk Cache
• UNIX SVR4 I/O
• Linux I/O
• Windows I/O
• Summary
• Recommended Reading
• Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
• File Management
• Overview
• File Organization and Access
• B-Trees
• File Directories
• File Sharing
• Record Blocking
• Secondary Storage Management
• File System Security
• UNIX File Management
• Linux Virtual File System
• Windows File System
• Summary
• Recommended Reading
• Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
• Part 6 Embedded Systems
• Embedded Operating Systems
• Embedded Systems
• Characteristics of Embedded Operating Systems
• eCos
• TinyOS
• Recommended Reading and Web Sites
• Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
• Part 7 Computer Security
• Computer Security Threats
• Computer Security Concepts
• Threats, Attacks, and Assets
• Intruders
• Malicious Software Overview
• Viruses, Worms, and Bots
• Rootkits
• Recommended Reading and Web Sites
• Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
• Computer Security Techniques
• Authentication
• Access Control
• Intrusion Detection
• Malware Defense
• Dealing with Buffer Overflow Attacks
• Windows 7 Security
• Recommended Reading and Web Sites
• Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
• Part 8 Distributed Systems
• Distributed Processing, Client/Server, and Clusters
• Client/Server Computing
• Service-Oriented Architecture
• Distributed Message Passing
• Remote Procedure Calls
• Clusters
• Windows Cluster Server
• Beowulf and Linux Clusters
• Summary
• Recommended Reading and Web Sites
• Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
• Appendix A Topics in Concurrency
• Mutual Exclusion: Software Approaches
• Race Conditions and Semaphores
• A Barbershop Problem
• Problems
• Appendix B Programming and Operating System Projects
• OS/161
• Simulations
• Programming Projects
• Research Projects
• Reading/Report Assignments
• Writing Assignments
• Discussion Topics
• BACI
• Glossary
• References
• Index