Efnisyfirlit

• CONTENTS
• PREFACE
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• Chapter 1. Paleoclimatic Reconstruction
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Sources of Paleoclimatic Information
• 1.3 Levels of Paleoclimatic Analysis
• 1.4 Modeling in Paleoclimatic Research
• Chapter 2. Climate and Climatic Variation
• 2.1 The Nature of Climate and Climatic Variation
• 2.2 The Climate System
• 2.3 Feedback Mechanisms
• 2.4 Energy Balance of the Earth and its Atmosphere
• 2.5 Timescales of Climatic Variation
• 2.6 Variations of the Earth’s Orbital Parameters
• Chapter 3. Dating Methods I
• 3.1 Introduction and Overview
• 3.2 Radioisotopic Methods
• Chapter 4. Dating Methods II
• 4.1 Paleomagnetism
• 4.2 Dating Methods Involving Chemical Changes
• 4.3 Biological Dating Methods
• Chapter 5. Ice Cores
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Stable Isotope Analysis
• 5.3 Dating Ice Cores
• 5.4 Paleoclimatic Reconstruction from Ice Cores
• Chapter 6. Marine Sediments and Corals
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Paleoclimatic Information from Biological Material in Ocean Cores
• 6.3 Oxygen Isotope Studies of Calcareous Marine Fauna
• 6.4 Relative Abundance Studies
• 6.5 Paleotemperature Records from Alkenones
• 6.6 Dissolution of Deep-sea Carbonates
• 6.7 Paleoclimatic Information from Inorganic Material in Ocean Cores
• 6.8 Coral Records of Past Climate
• 6.9 Thermohaline Circulation of the Oceans
• 6.10 Ocean Circulation Changes and Climate over the Last Glacial-Interglacial Cycle
• 6.11 Changes in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: the Role of the Oceans
• 6.12 Orbital Forcing: Evidence from the Marine Record
• Chapter 7. Non-marine Geological Evidence
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Loess
• 7.3 Periglacial Features
• 7.4 Snowlines and Glaciation Thresholds
• 7.5 Mountain Glacier Fluctuations
• 7.6 Lake-level Fluctuations
• 7.7 Lake Sediments
• 7.8 Speleothems
• Chapter 8. Non-marine Biological Evidence
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Former Vegetation Distribution from Plant Macrofossils
• 8.3 Insects
• Chapter 9. Pollen Analysis
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 The Basis of Pollen Analysis
• 9.3 How Rapidly Does Vegetation Respond to Changes in Climate?
• 9.4 Pollen Analysis of a Site: the Pollen Diagram
• 9.5 Mapping Vegetation Change: Isopolls and Isochrones
• 9.6 Quantitative Paleoclimatic Reconstructions Based on Pollen Analysis
• 9.7 Paleoclimatic Reconstruction from Long Quaternary Pollen Records
• Chapter 10. Dendroclimatology
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Fundamentals of Dendroclimatology
• 10.3 Dendroclimatic Reconstructions
• 10.4 Isotope Dendroclimatology
• Chapter 11. Documentary Data
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 Historical Records and Their Interpretation
• 11.3 Regional Studies Based on Historical Records
• 11.4 Records of Climate Forcing Factors
• Chapter 12. Paleoclimate Models
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 Types of Models
• 12.3 Sensitivity Experiments Using General Circulation Models
• 12.4 Model Simulations: 18 KA B.P. to the Present
• 12.5 Coupled Ocean-atmosphere Model Experiments
• 12.6 General Circulation Model Paleoclimate Simulations and the Paleorecord
• APPENDIX A. FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS ON RADIOCARBON DATING
• A.l Calculation of Radiocarbon Age and Standardization Procedure
• A.2 Fractionation Effects
• APPENDIX B. WORLDWIDE WEB-BASED RESOURCES IN PALEOCUMATOLOGY
• REFERENCES
• INDEX