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• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Preface
• 1 Personality Theory: From Observation to Scientific Explanation
• Questions to Be Addressed in This Chapter
• Defining Personality
• Three Goals for the Personality Theorist
• Answering Questions about Persons Scientifically: Understanding Structures, Processes, Development, and Therapeutic Change
• Important Issues in Personality Theory
• Evaluating Personality Theories
• The Personality Theories: An Introduction
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 2 The Scientific Study of People
• Questions to Be Addressed in This Chapter
• Personality Research: The Data
• Personality Research: Research Designs
• Contemporary Developments in Personality Research: Social Media and Language-Based Assessments
• Personality Assessment and the Case of Jim
• Vive la Différence: Conceptual Distinctions in Personality Research
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 3 A Psychodynamic Theory: Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality
• Questions to Be Addressed in This Chapter
• Sigmund Freud (1856–1939): A View of the Theorist
• Freud’s View of the Person
• Freud’s View of the Science of Personality
• Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality
• Major Concepts
• Review
• Note
• 4 Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research
• Questions to Be Addressed in This Chapter
• Psychodynamic Personality Assessment: Projective Tests
• Psychopathology
• Psychological Change
• The Case of Jim
• Related Theoretical Conceptions
• Contemporary Developments in Personality Theory: Neuropsychoanalysis
• Critical Evaluation
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 5 A Phenomenological Theory: The Personality Theory of Rogers
• Questions to Be Addressed in This Chapter
• Carl R. Rogers (1902–1987): A View of the Theorist
• Rogers’s View of the Person
• Rogers’s View of the Science of Personality
• The Personality Theory of Carl Rogers
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 6 Rogers’s Phenomenological Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research
• Questions to Be Addressed in This Chapter
• Clinical Applications
• The Case of Jim
• Related Conceptions: Human Potential, Positive Psychology, and Existentialism
• Developments in Research: The Self and Authenticity
• Contemporary Developments in Personality Theory: Personality Systems Interaction Theory and the Integrated Self
• Personality Systems Interaction Theory
• Illustrative Research
• Implications for Rogers’s Self Theory of Personality
• Critical Evaluation
• Major Concepts
• Review
• Note
• 7 Trait Theories of Personality: Allport, Eysenck, and Cattell
• Questions to Be Addressed in This Chapter
• A View of the Trait Theorists
• Trait Theory’s View of the Person
• Trait Theory’s View of the Science of Personality
• Trait Theories of Personality: Basic Perspectives Shared by Trait Theorists
• The Trait Theory of Gordon W. Allport (1897–1967)
• Identifying Primary Trait Dimensions: Factor Analysis
• The Factor-Analytic Trait Theory of Raymond B. Cattell (1905–1998)
• The Three-Factor Theory of Hans J. Eysenck (1916–1997)
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 8 Trait Theory: The Five-Factor Model and Contemporary Developments
• Questions to Be Addressed in This Chapter
• On Taxonomies of Personality
• The Five-Factor Model of Personality: Research Evidence
• Five-Factor Theory
• Maybe We Missed One? The Six-Factor Model
• Cross-Cultural Research: Are the Big Five Dimensions Universal?
• Contemporary Developments in Trait Theory: Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory
• The Case of Jim—Factor-Analytic Trait-Based Assessment
• The Person–Situation Controversy
• Critical Evaluation
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 9 Behaviorism and The Learning Approaches to Personality
• Questions to Be Addressed in This Chapter
• Behaviorism’s View of the Person
• Behaviorism’s View of the Science of Personality
• Watson, Pavlov, and Classical Conditioning
• Skinner’s Theory of Operant Conditioning
• Critical Evaluation
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 10 A Cognitive Theory: George A. Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory of Personality
• Questions to Be Addressed in This Chapter
• George A. Kelly (1905–1966): A View of the Theorist
• Kelly’s View of the Science of Personality
• Kelly’s View of the Person
• The Personality Theory of George A. Kelly
• Clinical Applications
• The Case of Jim
• Related Points of View and Recent Developments
• Critical Evaluation
• Major Concepts
• Review
• Note
• 11 Social-Cognitive Theory: Bandura and Mischel
• Questions to Be Addressed in This Chapter
• Relating Social-Cognitive Theory to Historically Prior Theories
• A View of the Theorists
• Social-Cognitive Theory’s View of the Person
• Social-Cognitive Theory’s View of the Science of Personality
• Social-Cognitive Theory of Personality: Structure
• Social-Cognitive Theory of Personality: Process
• Social-Cognitive Theory of Growth and Development
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 12 Social-Cognitive Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Developments
• Questions to Be Addressed in This Chapter
• Beliefs About the Self and Self-Schemas
• Standards of Evaluation and Self-Discrepancies
• Contemporary Developments in Personality Theory: The KAPA Model
• Clinical Applications
• Stress, Coping, and Cognitive Therapy
• The Case of Jim
• Critical Evaluation
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 13 Culture, Interpersonal Relations, and the Social Foundations of Personality and Its Development
• Questions to Be Addressed in This chapter
• Persons in Cultures
• Broad Cultural Differences: Western and Eastern Views of Self
• Societies within Cultures: Social Practices and Personality Development
• Personality Development in Socioeconomic Context
• Personality Functioning Across the Life Span
• Interpersonal Relationships
• Putting Personality in Context into Practice
• Summary
• Major Concepts
• Review
• Note
• 14 Genes, Brains, and Biological Bases of Personality and its Development
• Questions to Be Addressed in This Chapter
• Temperament
• Evolution, Evolutionary Psychology, and Personality
• Mood, Emotion, and the Brain
• Plasticity: Biology as Both Cause and Effect
• Neuroscientific Investigations of “Higher-Level” Psychological Functions
• Summary
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 15 Assessing Personality Theory and Research
• Questions to Be Addressed in This Chapter
• The Personality Theories: Similarities, Differences, and Integration
• What an Integrative Theory Might Look Like
• How Did They Do? A Critical Evaluation of the Personality Theories and Their Research
• A Final Summing Up: Theories as Toolkits
• Review
• Glossary
• References
• Author Index
• Subject Index
• End User License Agreement