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• Cover
• Preface
• To Students and Instructors
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Personality Theory: From Everyday Observations to Systematic Theories
• Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter
• Defining Personality
• Why Study Personality?
• Three Goals for the Personality Theorist
• Answering Questions about Persons Scientifically: Understanding Structures, Processes, Development, and Therapeutic Change
• Important Issues in Personality Theory
• Evaluating Personality Theories
• The Personality Theories: An Introduction
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 2 The Scientific Study of People
• Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter
• The Data of Personality Psychology
• Contemporary Developments in Personality Research: Social Media and Language‐Based Assessments
• Goals of Research: Reliability, Validity, Ethical Behavior
• Three General Strategies of Research
• Personality Theory and Personality Research
• Personality Assessment and the Case of Jim
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 3 A Psychodynamic Theory: Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality
• Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter
• Sigmund Freud (1856–1939): A View of the Theorist
• Freud’s View of the Person
• Freud’s View of the Science of Personality
• Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 4 Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research
• Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter
• Psychodynamic Personality Assessment: Projective Tests
• Psychopathology
• Psychological Change
• The Case of Jim
• Related Theoretical Conceptions
• Contemporary Developments in Personality Theory: Neuropsychoanalysis
• Critical Evaluation
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 5 A Phenomenological Theory: The Personality Theory of Rogers
• Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter
• Carl R. Rogers (1902–1987): A View of the Theorist
• Rogers’s View of the Person
• Rogers’s View of the Science of Personality
• The Personality Theory of Carl Rogers
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 6 Rogers’s Phenomenological Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research
• Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter
• Clinical Applications
• The Case of Jim
• Related Conceptions: Human Potential, Positive Psychology, and Existentialism
• Developments in Research: The Self and Authenticity
• Contemporary Developments in Personality Theory: Personality Systems Interaction Theory and the Integrated Self
• Personality Systems Interaction Theory
• Illustrative Research
• Implications for Rogers’s Self Theory of Personality
• Critical Evaluation
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 7 Trait Theories of Personality: Allport, Eysenck, and Cattell
• Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter
• A View of the Trait Theorists
• Trait Theory’s View of the Person
• Trait Theory’s View of the Science of Personality
• Trait Theories of Personality: Basic Perspectives Shared by Trait Theorists
• The Trait Theory of Gordon W. Allport (1897–1967)
• Identifying Primary Trait Dimensions: Factor Analysis
• The Factor‐Analytic Trait Theory of Raymond B. Cattell (1905–1998)
• The Three‐factor Theory of Hans J. Eysenck (1916–1997)
• Major Concepts
• Review
• Chapter 8: Trait Theory: The Five‐Factor Model and Contemporary Developments
• Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter
• On Taxonomies of Personality
• The Five‐Factor Model of Personality: Research Evidence
• Five‐Factor Theory
• Maybe We Missed One? The Six‐Factor Model
• Cross‐cultural Research: Are the Big Five Dimensions Universal?
• Contemporary Developments in Trait Theory: Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory
• The Case of Jim—Factor‐Analytic Trait‐Based Assessment
• The Person‐Situation Controversy
• Critical Evaluation
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 9 Biological Foundations of Personality
• Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter
• Temperament
• Evolution, Evolutionary Psychology, and Personality
• Genes and Personality
• Mood, Emotion, and the Brain
• Plasticity: Biology as Both Cause and Effect
• Neuroscientific Investigations of “Higher‐Level” Psychological Functions
• Summary
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 10 Behaviorism and The Learning Approaches To Personality
• Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter
• Behaviorism’s View of the Person
• Behaviorism’s View of the Science of Personality
• Watson, Pavlov, and Classical Conditioning
• Skinner’s Theory of Operant Conditioning
• Critical Evaluation
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 11 A Cognitive Theory: George A. Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory of Personality
• Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter
• George A. Kelly (1905–1966): A View of the Theorist
• Kelly’s View of the Science of Personality
• Kelly’s View of the Person
• The Personality Theory of George A. Kelly
• Clinical Applications
• The Case of Jim
• Related Points of View and Recent Developments
• Critical Evaluation
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 12 Social‐Cognitive Theory: Bandura and Mischel
• Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter
• Relating Social‐Cognitive Theory to the Previous Theories
• A View of the Theorists
• Social‐Cognitive Theory’s View of the Person
• Social‐Cognitive Theory’s View of the Science of Personality
• Social‐Cognitive Theory of Personality: Structure
• Social‐Cognitive Theory of Personality: Process
• Social‐Cognitive Theory of Growth and Development
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 13 Social‐Cognitive Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Developments
• Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter
• Cognitive Components of Personality: Beliefs, Goals, and Evaluative Standards
• Contemporary Developments in Personality Theory: The KAPA Model
• Clinical Applications
• Stress, Coping, and Cognitive Therapy
• The Case of Jim
• Critical Evaluation
• Major Concepts
• Review
• 14 Personality In Context: Interpersonal Relations, Culture, and Development Across The Course of Life
• Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter
• Interpersonal Relationships
• Meeting Academic and Social Challenges: Optimistic Strategies and Defensive Pessimism
• Personality Development in Socioeconomic Context
• Personality Functioning Across the Life Span
• Persons in Cultures
• Putting Personality in Context into Practice
• Summary
• Major Concepts
• Review
• Glossary
• References
• Author Index
• Subject Index
• End User License Agreement