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• Fundamental Constants
• Unit Conversions (Equivalents)
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Contents
• Applications List
• Preface
• Advice for Students
• Use of Color
• Chapter 1. Introduction, Measurement, Estimating
• 1–1 How Science Works
• 1–2 Models, Theories, and Laws
• 1–3 Measurement and Uncertainty; Significant Figures
• 1–4 Units, Standards, and the SI System
• 1–5 Converting Units
• 1–6 Order of Magnitude: Rapid Estimating
• 1–7 Dimensions and Dimensional Analysis
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 2. Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension
• 2–1 Reference Frames and Displacement
• 2–2 Average Velocity
• 2–3 Instantaneous Velocity
• 2–4 Acceleration
• 2–5 Motion at Constant Acceleration
• 2–6 Solving Problems
• 2–7 Freely Falling Objects
• 2–8 Variable Acceleration; Integral Calculus
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 3. Kinematics in Two or Three Dimensions; Vectors
• 3–1 Vectors and Scalars
• 3–2 Addition of Vectors—Graphical Methods
• 3–3 Subtraction of Vectors, and Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar
• 3–4 Adding Vectors by Components
• 3–5 Unit Vectors
• 3–6 Vector Kinematics
• 3–7 Projectile Motion
• 3–8 Solving Problems Involving Projectile Motion
• 3–9 Relative Velocity
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 4. Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of Motion
• 4–1 Force
• 4–2 Newton’s First Law of Motion
• 4–3 Mass
• 4–4 Newton’s Second Law of Motion
• 4–5 Newton’s Third Law of Motion
• 4–6 Weight—the Force of Gravity; and the Normal Force
• 4–7 Solving Problems with Newton’s Laws: Free-Body Diagrams
• 4–8 Problem Solving—A General Approach
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 5. Using Newton’s Laws: Friction, Circular Motion, Drag Forces
• 5–1 Using Newton’s Laws with Friction
• 5–2 Uniform Circular Motion—Kinematics
• 5–3 Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion
• 5–4 Highway Curves: Banked and Unbanked
• 5–5 Nonuniform Circular Motion
• 5–6 Velocity-Dependent Forces: Drag and Terminal Velocity
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 6. Gravitation and Newton’s Synthesis
• 6–1 Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
• 6–2 Vector Form of Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
• 6–3 Gravity Near the Earth’s Surface
• 6–4 Satellites and “Weightlessness”
• 6–5 Planets, Kepler’s Laws, and Newton’s Synthesis
• 6–6 Moon Rises an Hour Later Each Day
• 6–7 Types of Forces in Nature
• 6–8 Gravitational Field
• 6–9 Principle of Equivalence; Curvature of Space; Black Holes
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 7. Work and Energy
• 7–1 Work Done by a Constant Force
• 7–2 Scalar Product of Two Vectors
• 7–3 Work Done by a Varying Force
• 7–4 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Principle
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 8. Conservation of Energy
• 8–1 Conservative and Nonconservative Forces
• 8–2 Potential Energy
• 8–3 Mechanical Energy and Its Conservation
• 8–4 Problem Solving Using Conservation of Mechanical Energy
• 8–5 The Law of Conservation of Energy
• 8–6 Energy Conservation with Dissipative Forces: Solving Problems
• 8–7 Gravitational Potential Energy and Escape Velocity
• 8–8 Power
• 8–9 Potential Energy Diagrams; Stable and Unstable Equilibrium
• 8–10 Gravitational Assist (Gravitational Slingshot)
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 9. Linear Momentum
• 9–1 Momentum and Its Relation to Force
• 9–2 Conservation of Momentum
• 9–3 Collisions and Impulse
• 9–4 Conservation of Energy and Momentum in Collisions
• 9–5 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
• 9–6 Inelastic Collisions
• 9–7 Collisions in 2 or 3 Dimensions
• 9–8 Center of Mass (CM)
• 9–9 Center of Mass and Translational Motion
• 9–10 Systems of Variable Mass; Rocket Propulsion
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 10. Rotational Motion
• 10–1 Angular Quantities
• 10–2 Vector Nature of Angular Quantities
• 10–3 Constant Angular Acceleration
• 10–4 Torque
• 10–5 Rotational Dynamics; Torque and Rotational Inertia
• 10–6 Solving Problems in Rotational Dynamics
• 10–7 Determining Moments of Inertia
• 10–8 Rotational Kinetic Energy
• 10–9 Rotational Plus Translational Motion; Rolling
• 10–10 Why Does a Rolling Sphere Slow Down?
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 11. Angular Momentum; General Rotation
• 11–1 Angular Momentum : Objects Rotating About a Fixed Axis
• 11–2 Vector Cross Product; Torque as a Vector
• 11–3 Angular Momentum of a Particle
• 11–4 Angular Momentum and Torque for a System of Particles; General Motion
• 11–5 Angular Momentum and Torque for a Rigid Object
• 11–6 Conservation of Angular Momentum
• 11–7 The Spinning Top and Gyroscope
• 11–8 Rotating Frames of Reference; Inertial Forces
• 11–9 The Coriolis Effect
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 12. Static Equilibrium; Elasticity and Fracture
• 12–1 The Conditions for Equilibrium
• 12–2 Solving Statics Problems
• 12–3 Applications to Muscles and Joints
• 12–4 Stability and Balance
• 12–5 Elasticity; Stress and Strain
• 12–6 Fracture
• 12–7 Trusses and Bridges
• 12–8 Arches and Domes
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 13. Fluids
• 13–1 Phases of Matter
• 13–2 Density and Specific Gravity
• 13–3 Pressure in Fluids
• 13–4 Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure
• 13–5 Pascal’s Principle
• 13–6 Measurement of Pressure; Gauges and the Barometer
• 13–7 Buoyancy; Archimedes’ Principle
• 13–8 Fluids in Motion; Flow Rate and the Equation of Continuity
• 13–9 Bernoulli’s Equation
• 13–10 Applications of Bernoulli’s Principle: Torricelli, Airplanes, Baseballs, Blood Flow
• 13–11 Viscosity
• 13–12 Flow in Tubes: Poiseuille’s Equation, Blood Flow
• 13–13 Surface Tension and Capillarity
• 13–14 Pumps, and the Heart
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 14. Oscillations
• 14–1 Oscillations of a Spring
• 14–2 Simple Harmonic Motion
• 14–3 Energy in the Simple Harmonic Oscillator
• 14–4 Simple Harmonic Motion Related to Uniform Circular Motion
• 14–5 The Simple Pendulum
• 14–6 The Physical Pendulum and the Torsion Pendulum
• 14–7 Damped Harmonic Motion
• 14–8 Forced Oscillations; Resonance
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 15. Wave Motion
• 15–1 Characteristics of Wave Motion
• 15–2 Types of Waves: Transverse and Longitudinal
• 15–3 Energy Transported by Waves
• 15–4 Mathematical Representation of a Traveling Wave
• 15–5 The Wave Equation
• 15–6 The Principle of Superposition
• 15–7 Reflection and Transmission
• 15–8 Interference
• 15–9 Standing Waves; Resonance
• 15–10 Refraction
• 15–11 Diffraction
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 16. Sound
• 16–1 Characteristics of Sound
• 16–2 Mathematical Representation of Longitudinal Waves
• 16–3 Intensity of Sound: Decibels
• 16–4 Sources of Sound: Vibrating Strings and Air Columns
• 16–5 Quality of Sound, and Noise; Superposition
• 16–6 Interference of Sound Waves; Beats
• 16–7 Doppler Effect
• 16–8 Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom
• 16–9 Applications: Sonar, Ultrasound, and Medical Imaging
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 17. Temperature, Thermal Expansion, and the Ideal Gas Law
• 17–1 Atomic Theory of Matter
• 17–2 Temperature and Thermometers
• 17–3 Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
• 17–4 Thermal Expansion
• 17–5 Thermal Stresses
• 17–6 The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature
• 17–7 The Ideal Gas Law
• 17–8 Problem Solving with the Ideal Gas Law
• 17–9 Ideal Gas Law in Terms of Molecules: Avogadro’s Number
• 17–10 Ideal Gas Temperature Scale—a Standard
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 18. Kinetic Theory of Gases
• 18–1 The Ideal Gas Law and the Molecular Interpretation of Temperature
• 18–2 Distribution of Molecular Speeds
• 18–3 Real Gases and Changes of Phase
• 18–4 Vapor Pressure and Humidity
• 18–5 Temperature Decrease of Boiling Water with Altitude
• 18–6 Van der Waals Equation of State
• 18–7 Mean Free Path
• 18–8 Diffusion
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 19. Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics
• 19–1 Heat as Energy Transfer
• 19–2 Internal Energy
• 19–3 Specific Heat
• 19–4 Calorimetry—Solving Problems
• 19–5 Latent Heat
• 19–6 The First Law of Thermodynamics
• 19–7 Thermodynamic Processes and the First Law
• 19–8 Molar Specific Heats for Gases, and the Equipartition of Energy
• 19–9 Adiabatic Expansion of a Gas
• 19–10 Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 20. Second Law of Thermodynamics
• 20–1 The Second Law of Thermodynamics—Introduction
• 20–2 Heat Engines
• 20–3 The Carnot Engine; Reversible and Irreversible Processes
• 20–4 Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps
• 20–5 Entropy
• 20–6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
• 20–7 Order to Disorder
• 20–8 Unavailability of Energy; Heat Death
• 20–9 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law
• 20–10 Thermodynamic Temperature; Third Law of Thermodynamics
• 20–11 Thermal Pollution, Global Warming, and Energy Resources
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 21. Electric Charge and Electric Field
• 21–1 Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its Conservation
• 21–2 Electric Charge in the Atom
• 21–3 Insulators and Conductors
• 21–4 Induced Charge; the Electroscope
• 21–5 Coulomb’s Law
• 21–6 The Electric Field
• 21–7 Electric Field Calculations for Continuous Charge Distributions
• 21–8 Field Lines
• 21–9 Electric Fields and Conductors
• 21–10 Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field
• 21–11 Electric Dipoles
• 21–12 Electric Forces in Molecular Biology: DNA Structure and Replication
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 22. Gauss’s Law
• 22–1 Electric Flux
• 22–2 Gauss’s Law
• 22–3 Applications of Gauss’s Law
• 22–4 Experimental Basis of Gauss’s and Coulomb’s Laws
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 23. Electric Potential
• 23–1 Electric Potential Energy and Potential Difference
• 23–2 Relation between Electric Potential and Electric Field
• 23–3 Electric Potential Due to Point Charges
• 23–4 Potential Due to Any Charge Distribution
• 23–5 Equipotential Lines and Surfaces
• 23–6 Potential Due to Electric Dipole; Dipole Moment
• 23–7 E5 Determined from V
• 23–8 Electrostatic Potential Energy; the Electron Volt
• 23–9 Digital; Binary Numbers; Signal Voltage
• 23–10 TV and Computer Monitors
• 23–11 Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 24. Capacitance, Dielectrics, Electric Energy Storage
• 24–1 Capacitors
• 24–2 Determination of Capacitance
• 24–3 Capacitors in Series and Parallel
• 24–4 Storage of Electric Energy
• 24–5 Dielectrics
• 24–6 Molecular Description of Dielectrics
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 25. Electric Current and Resistance
• 25–1 The Electric Battery
• 25–2 Electric Current
• 25–3 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Resistors
• 25–4 Resistivity
• 25–5 Electric Power
• 25–6 Power in Household Circuits
• 25–7 Alternating Current
• 25–8 Microscopic View of Electric Current
• 25–9 Superconductivity
• 25–10 Electrical Conduction in the Human Nervous System
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 26. DC Circuits
• 26–1 EMF and Terminal Voltage
• 26–2 Resistors in Series and in Parallel
• 26–3 Kirchhoff’s Rules
• 26–4 EMFs in Series and in Parallel; Charging a Battery
• 26–5 RC Circuits—Resistor and Capacitor in Series
• 26–6 Electric Hazards and Safety
• 26–7 Ammeters and Voltmeters—Measurement Affects Quantity Measured
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 27. Magnetism
• 27–1 Magnets and Magnetic Fields
• 27–2 Electric Currents Produce Magnetic Fields
• 27–3 Force on an Electric Current in a Magnetic Field; Definition of B5
• 27–4 Force on an Electric Charge Moving in a Magnetic Field
• 27–5 Torque on a Current Loop; Magnetic Dipole Moment
• 27–6 Applications: Motors, Loudspeakers, Galvanometers
• 27–7 Discovery and Properties of the Electron
• 27–8 The Hall Effect
• 27–9 Mass Spectrometer
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 28. Sources of Magnetic Field
• 28–1 Magnetic Field Due to a Straight Wire
• 28–2 Force between Two Parallel Wires
• 28–3 Definitions of the Ampere and the Coulomb
• 28–4 Ampère’s Law
• 28–5 Magnetic Field of a Solenoid and a Toroid
• 28–6 Biot-Savart Law
• 28–7 Magnetic Field Due to a Single Moving Charge
• 28–8 Magnetic Materials—Ferromagnetism
• 28–9 Electromagnets and Solenoids—Applications
• 28–10 Magnetic Fields in Magnetic Materials; Hysteresis
• 28–11 Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 29. Electromagnetic Induction and Faraday’s Law
• 29–1 Induced EMF
• 29–2 Faraday’s Law of Induction; Lenz’s Law
• 29–3 EMF Induced in a Moving Conductor
• 29–4 Electric Generators
• 29–5 Back EMF and Counter Torque; Eddy Currents
• 29–6 Transformers and Transmission of Power
• 29–7 A Changing Magnetic Flux Produces an Electric Field
• 29–8 Information Storage: Magnetic and Semiconductor
• 29–9 Applications of Induction: Microphone, Seismograph, GFCI
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 30. Inductance, Electromagnetic Oscillations, and AC Circuits
• 30–1 Mutual Inductance
• 30–2 Self-Inductance; Inductors
• 30–3 Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field
• 30–4 LR Circuits
• 30–5 LC Circuits and Electromagnetic Oscillations
• 30–6 LC Oscillations with Resistance (LRC Circuit)
• 30–7 AC Circuits and Reactance
• 30–8 LRC Series AC Circuit; Phasor Diagrams
• 30–9 Resonance in AC Circuits
• 30–10 Impedance Matching
• 30–11 Three-Phase AC
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 31. Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves
• 31–1 Changing Electric Fields Produce Magnetic Fields; Displacement Current
• 31–2 Gauss’s Law for Magnetism
• 31–3 Maxwell’s Equations
• 31–4 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
• 31–5 Electromagnetic Waves, and Their Speed, Derived from Maxwell’s Equations
• 31–6 Light as an Electromagnetic Wave and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
• 31–7 Measuring the Speed of Light
• 31–8 Energy in EM Waves; the Poynting Vector
• 31–9 Radiation Pressure
• 31–10 Radio and Television; Wireless Communication
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 32. Light: Reflection and Refraction
• 32–1 The Ray Model of Light
• 32–2 Reflection; Image Formation by a Plane Mirror
• 32–3 Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors
• 32–4 Seeing Yourself in a Magnifying Mirror (Concave)
• 32–5 Convex (Rearview) Mirrors
• 32–6 Index of Refraction
• 32–7 Refraction: Snell’s Law
• 32–8 The Visible Spectrum and Dispersion
• 32–9 Total Internal Reflection; Fiber Optics
• 32–10 Refraction at a Spherical Surface
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 33. Lenses and Optical Instruments
• 33–1 Thin Lenses; Ray Tracing and Focal Length
• 33–2 The Thin Lens Equation
• 33–3 Combinations of Lenses
• 33–4 Lensmaker’s Equation
• 33–5 Cameras: Film and Digital
• 33–6 The Human Eye; Corrective Lenses
• 33–7 Magnifying Glass
• 33–8 Telescopes
• 33–9 Compound Microscope
• 33–10 Aberrations of Lenses and Mirrors
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 34. The Wave Nature of Light: Interference and Polarization
• 34–1 Waves vs. Particles; Huygens’ Principle and Diffraction
• 34–2 Huygens’ Principle and the Law of Refraction; Mirages
• 34–3 Interference—Young’s Double-Slit Experiment
• 34–4 Intensity in the Double-Slit Interference Pattern
• 34–5 Interference in Thin Films
• 34–6 Michelson Interferometer
• 34–7 Polarization
• 34–8 Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)
• 34–9 Scattering of Light by the Atmosphere
• 34–10 Brightness: Lumens and Luminous Intensity
• 34–11 Efficiency of Lightbulbs
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 35. Diffraction
• 35–1 Diffraction by a Single Slit or Disk
• 35–2 Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction Pattern
• 35–3 Diffraction in the Double-Slit Experiment
• 35–4 Interference vs. Diffraction
• 35–5 Limits of Resolution; Circular Apertures
• 35–6 Resolution of Telescopes and Microscopes; the l Limit
• 35–7 Resolution of the Human Eye and Useful Magnification
• 35–8 Diffraction Grating
• 35–9 The Spectrometer and Spectroscopy
• 35–10 Peak Widths and Resolving Power for a Diffraction Grating
• 35–11 X-Rays and X-Ray Diffraction
• 35–12 X-Ray Imaging and Computed Tomography (CT Scan)
• 35–13 Specialty Microscopes and Contrast
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 36. The Special Theory of Relativity
• 36–1 Galilean–Newtonian Relativity
• 36–2 The Michelson–Morley Experiment
• 36–3 Postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity
• 36–4 Simultaneity
• 36–5 Time Dilation and the Twin Paradox
• 36–6 Length Contraction
• 36–7 Four-Dimensional Space–Time
• 36–8 Galilean and Lorentz Transformations
• 36–9 Relativistic Momentum
• 36–10 The Ultimate Speed
• 36–11 E = mc2; Mass and Energy
• 36–12 Doppler Shift for Light
• 36–13 The Impact of Special Relativity
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 37. Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom
• 37–1 Blackbody Radiation; Planck’s Quantum Hypothesis
• 37–2 Photon Theory of Light and the Photoelectric Effect
• 37–3 Energy, Mass, and Momentum of a Photon
• 37–4 Compton Effect
• 37–5 Photon Interactions; Pair Production
• 37–6 Wave–Particle Duality; the Principle of Complementarity
• 37–7 Wave Nature of Matter
• 37–8 Electron Microscopes
• 37–9 Early Models of the Atom
• 37–10 Atomic Spectra: Key to the Structure of the Atom
• 37–11 The Bohr Model
• 37–12 de Broglie’s Hypothesis Applied to Atoms
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 38. Quantum Mechanics
• 38–1 Quantum Mechanics—A New Theory
• 38–2 The Wave Function and Its Interpretation; the Double-Slit Experiment
• 38–3 The Uncertainty Principle
• 38–4 Philosophic Implications; Probability versus Determinism
• 38–5 The Schrödinger Equation in One Dimension—Time-Independent Form
• 38–6 Time-Dependent Schrödinger Equation
• 38–7 Free Particles; Plane Waves and Wave Packets
• 38–8 Particle in an Infinitely Deep Square Well Potential (a Rigid Box)
• 38–9 Finite Potential Well
• 38–10 Tunneling through a Barrier
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 39. Quantum Mechanics of Atoms
• 39–1 Quantum-Mechanical View of Atoms
• 39–2 Hydrogen Atom: Schrödinger Equation and Quantum Numbers
• 39–3 Hydrogen Atom Wave Functions
• 39–4 Multielectron Atoms; the Exclusion Principle
• 39–5 Periodic Table of Elements
• 39–6 X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number
• 39–7 Magnetic Dipole Moment; Electron Spin
• 39–8 Total Angular Momentum J5
• 39–9 Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
• 39–10 Lasers
• 39–11 Holography
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 40. Molecules and Solids
• 40–1 Bonding in Molecules
• 40–2 Potential-Energy Diagrams for Molecules
• 40–3 Weak (van der Waals) Bonds
• 40–4 Protein Synthesis
• 40–5 Molecular Spectra
• 40–6 Condensed-Matter Physics; Bonding in Solids
• 40–7 Free-Electron Theory of Metals; Fermi Energy
• 40–8 Band Theory of Solids
• 40–9 Semiconductors and Doping
• 40–10 Semiconductor Diodes, Photovoltaics, LEDs, OLEDs
• 40–11 Transistors: Bipolar and MOSFETs
• 40–12 Integrated Circuits, Chips, 3-nm Technology
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 41. Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity
• 41–1 Structure and Properties of the Nucleus
• 41–2 Binding Energy and Nuclear Forces
• 41–3 Radioactivity
• 41–4 Alpha Decay
• 41–5 Beta Decay
• 41–6 Gamma Decay
• 41–7 Conservation of Nucleon Number and Other Conservation Laws
• 41–8 Half-Life and Rate of Decay
• 41–9 Decay Series
• 41–10 Radioactive Dating
• 41–11 Detection of Particles
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 42. Nuclear Energy; Effects and Uses of Radiation
• 42–1 Nuclear Reactions and the Transmutation of Elements
• 42–2 Cross Section
• 42–3 Nuclear Fission; Nuclear Reactors
• 42–4 Nuclear Fusion
• 42–5 Passage of Radiation through Matter; Biological Damage
• 42–6 Measurement of Radiation—Dosimetry
• 42–7 Radiation Therapy
• 42–8 Tracers in Research and Medicine
• 42–9 Emission Tomography: PET and SPECT
• 42–10 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
• 42–11 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 43. Elementary Particles
• 43–1 High-Energy Particles and Accelerators
• 43–2 Beginnings of Elementary Particle Physics—Particle Exchange
• 43–3 Particles and Antiparticles
• 43–4 Particle Interactions and Conservation Laws
• 43–5 Neutrinos
• 43–6 Particle Classification
• 43–7 Particle Stability and Resonances
• 43–8 Strangeness? Charm? Towards a New Model
• 43–9 Quarks
• 43–10 The Standard Model: QCD and Electroweak Theory
• 43–11 Grand Unified Theories
• 43–12 Strings and Supersymmetry
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Chapter 44. Astrophysics and Cosmology
• 44–1 Stars and Galaxies
• 44–2 Stellar Evolution: Birth and Death of Stars, Nucleosynthesis
• 44–3 Distance Measurements
• 44–4 General Relativity: Gravity and the Curvature of Space
• 44–5 The Expanding Universe: Redshift and Hubble’s Law
• 44–6 The Big Bang and the Cosmic Microwave Background
• 44–7 The Standard Cosmological Model: Early History of the Universe
• 44–8 Inflation: Explaining Flatness, Uniformity, and Structure
• 44–9 Dark Matter and Dark Energy
• 44–10 Large-Scale Structure of the Universe
• 44–11 Gravitational Waves : LIGO and Virgo
• 44–12 Finally . . .
• Questions, MisConceptions, Problems
• Appendices
• Appendix A. Mathematical Formulas
• Appendix B. Derivatives and Integrals
• Appendix C. Numerical Integration
• Appendix D. More on Dimensional Analysis
• Appendix E. Gravitational Force Due to a Spherical Mass Distribution
• Appendix F. Differential Form of Maxwell’s Equations
• Appendix G. Selected Isotopes
• Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems
• Index
• Photo Credits
• Useful Formulas and Information
• Periodic Table of the Elements