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• Cover
• Half Title
• Series Information
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Abbreviations and acronyms
• Foreword by Jean Grugel
• Introduction
• 1 Populism in Latin America: development, democracy and social transformation
• Rethinking populism
• Latin American perspectives
• Classical populism
• Contemporary populism
• References
• 2 Peronism in Argentina: left or right?
• Introduction
• Ex machina origin
• Peronism as passive revolution
• Everything flows
• Historical shifts
• Conclusions
• References
• 3 The populist left in Chile: socialists and communists from 1936 to 1973
• Introduction
• The institutionalization of the popular movement and the rise of populism
• Continuities and ruptures on the Chilean left
• The rise and radicalization of popular struggles
• References
• 4 The left and the Workers’ Party in Brazil: a party between populism, social policies and the popular vote
• The origins of Brazilian populism
• Social policies
• Political intermediation
• Conclusion
• References
• 5 Brazil, Bolsonaro and populism of the right
• Representation crisis: the global wave that arrived in Brazil in 2013
• The anti-PT movement and the rise of Bolsonarism
• POPUlism, left and right
• Final considerations: between neofascism and neoliberalism
• References
• 6 Political dilemmas of the government of López Obrador: between populism, democracy and the left in Mexico
• Introduction
• AMLO and the “Nation Project”
• Left-wing populisms
• The state reform initiative
• Social policy and its implementation
• Energy, labour and agriculture
• Migration and insecurity
• The other left
• Conclusion
• References
• 7 The Bolivarian process in Venezuela: socialism, populism or neoliberalism?
• Introduction
• Hugo Chávez: from the Third Way to socialism
• Chávez’s programme of nationalization
• Reflection
• The return to the neoliberal and authoritarian past under the government of Nicolás Maduro
• Conclusions
• References
• 8 Populist responses to crises of market democracy: the case of Bolivia’s Evo Morales
• Antecedent era: market democracy and popular resistance
• Constructing post-neoliberal democracy and the constituent assembly process (2006–09)
• Tensions in the post-neoliberal process (2009–14)
• Re-election referendum, contested elections, coup and a new MAS-led era (2014–21)
• Populism and democracy: lessons from Bolivia
• References
• 9 Ecuador: populism and the 2007–17 political cycle
• Introduction
• The exhaustion of neoliberalism (1982–2005) and the rise of “populism”
• Rafael Correa’s electoral triumph and the beginning of a new political cycle
• The efficient political machinery of the Citizen Revolution
• The middle classes: the political foundations of the Citizen Revolution
• Political conflict as a resource for the construction of hegemony
• Extractivism and the end of the political cycle
• Conclusions
• References
• 10 The Nicaraguan crisis and the mirage of left populism
• What is left in Nicaragua?
• The bonanza for transnational capital
• Is the United States trying to overthrow the Ortega-Murillo regime?
• References
• Overviews
• 11 Populism and the right in Latin America
• Introduction
• The right in theory
• Populism and the (Latin American) right
• (Neoliberal) neo-populism, 1989–2001.
• The “Trump of the Tropics”: radical right populism in Latin America
• Conclusion
• References
• 12 Populism and the left in Latin America
• The first wave: populism and its competition with the left
• The second wave: populism and twenty-first-century socialism
• References
• Afterword: a tale of two “people”: national popular and twenty-first-century Latin American populisms
• National-popular populism
• Twenty-first-century [Latin American] populism
• Conclusions
• References
• Contributors
• Index