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• Title
• Copyright
• About the Authors
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• Preface
• CHAPTER 1 The Science of Psychology
• The Four Major Research Perspectives
• Perspectives Emphasizing Internal Factors
• Perspectives Emphasizing External Factors
• Research Methods Used by Psychologists
• Descriptive Methods
• Correlational Studies
• Experimental Research
• How to Understand Research Results
• Descriptive Statistics
• Frequency Distributions
• CHAPTER 2 Neuroscience
• The Neuron
• The Structure of a Neuron
• How Neurons Communicate
• Neurotransmitters, Drugs, and Poisons
• The Nervous System and the Endocrine System
• The Central Nervous System
• The Peripheral Nervous System
• The Endocrine Glandular System
• Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
• The Brain
• Going Up the Brain Stem
• Processing in the Cerebral Cortex
• Specializations of the Left and Right Hemispheres
• Consciousness and the Sleeping Brain
• CHAPTER 3 Sensation and Perception
• How the Physical World Relates to the Psychological World
• The Detection Question
• The Difference Question
• The Scaling Question
• How We See and How We Hear
• How the Eye Works
• How We See Color
• How the Ear Works
• How We Distinguish Pitch
• How We Make Sense of What We See
• Bottom-up Processing and Top-down Processing
• Perceptual Organization and Perceptual Constancy
• Depth Perception
• CHAPTER 4 Learning
• Learning Through Classical Conditioning
• The Elements and Procedures of Classical Conditioning
• General Learning Processes in Classical Conditioning
• Learning Through Operant Conditioning
• Learning Through Reinforcement and Punishment
• General Learning Processes in Operant Conditioning
• Partial-Reinforcement Schedules in Operant Conditioning
• Motivation, Behavior, and Reinforcement
• Biological and Cognitive Aspects of Learning
• Biological Preparedness in Learning
• Latent Learning and Observational Learning
• CHAPTER 5 Memory
• Three-Stage Model of Memory
• Sensory Memory
• Short-Term Memory
• Long-Term Memory
• Encoding Information into Memory
• How We Encode Information
• How to Improve Encoding
• Retrieving Information from Memory
• How to Measure Retrieval
• Why We Forget
• The Reconstructive Nature of Retrieval
• CHAPTER 6 Thinking and Intelligence
• Problem Solving
• Blocks to Problem Solving
• Solution Strategies
• Thinking Under Uncertainty
• Judging Probability
• Hypothesis Testing
• Intelligent Thinking
• Intelligence Tests
• Controversies About Intelligence
• CHAPTER 7 Developmental Psychology
• Prenatal Development and Infancy
• Prenatal Development
• How We Develop During Infancy
• How We Think Throughout Our Lives
• How We Learn Language
• Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
• Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Approach to Development
• How Intelligence Changes in Adulthood
• Moral Development and Social Development
• Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning
• Attachment and Parenting Styles
• Theory of Mind
• Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage Theory of Development
• CHAPTER 8 Personality Theories and Assessment
• The Psychoanalytic Approach to Personality
• Freudian Classical Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality
• Neo-Freudian Theories of Personality
• The Humanistic Approach and the Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality
• The Humanistic Approach to Personality
• The Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality
• Trait Theories of Personality and Personality Assessment
• Trait Theories of Personality
• Personality Assessment
• CHAPTER 9 Social Psychology
• How Others Influence Our Behavior
• Why We Conform
• Why We Comply
• Why We Obey
• How Groups Influence Us
• How We Think About Our Own and Others’ Behavior
• How We Make Attributions
• How Our Behavior Affects Our Attitudes
• CHAPTER 10 Abnormal Psychology
• The Diagnosis and Classification of Mental Disorders
• The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
• Labeling People with Mental Disorders
• Six Major Categories of Mental Disorders
• Anxiety Disorders
• Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
• Depressive Disorders
• Bipolar and Related Disorders
• Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
• Personality Disorders
• The Treatment of Mental Disorders
• Biomedical Therapies
• Psychotherapies
• Glossary
• References
• Name Index
• Subject Index