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• Title Page
• Copyright
• Contents
• List of of Figures, Tables, and Boxes
• List of Case Studies
• Foreword
• Acknowledgments
• About the Authors
• Chapter 1 Invitation to Explore
• Our Purpose
• What Is Qualitative Research?
• Quantitative or Qualitative?
• Application of Research to Action
• Advances in Cross-Cultural Understanding of Health and Health-Related Behavior
• Global Health Patterns
• Increased Awareness of Issues in Human Rights
• Getting Started
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• References
• Chapter 2 The Language and Logic of Qualitative Research
• Frameworks for Research: Paradigms, Theories, and Conceptual Models
• Three Theoretical Paradigms for Public Health Research
• Using Qualitative Methods to Develop Theory
• Substantive Theories and Conceptual Models
• Social-Ecological Model
• Health Belief Model
• Social Cognitive Theory
• Diffusion of Innovations
• Resiliency Theory
• Standards for Qualitative Research
• Judging Quality: The Search for Trustworthy Data
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Recommended Readings
• Review Questions
• References
• Chapter 3 Designing the Study
• Background and Rationale
• Stating the Research Problem
• Study Purpose: Formative, Descriptive, Explanatory, or Transformative Research
• Conceptualizing the Problem in a Larger Framework
• Developing Study Objectives
• Using Documentary Sources
• Data From Human Subjects
• Selection: Theoretical or a Priori?
• Sample Selection Techniques
• Sample Size
• Recruiting Participants
• Data Collection Methods
• A Practical Strategy for Mixed-Method Design
• Selecting Data Collection Methods
• Individual Interviews or Focus Groups?
• Collecting Data
• Analyzing the Data
• Disseminating Results
• Research Ethics: Decisions for the Protection of Study Participants
• Obtaining Informed Consent
• Risk to Participants
• The Signed Consent Form-Do You Need It?
• Other Considerations: Budget and Time
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Recommended Readings
• Review Questions
• References
• Chapter 4 Collecting Qualitative Data
• Observation
• Unobtrusive Techniques
• Interactive (Participatory) Techniques
• Interviews and Focus Groups
• Developing Interview and Focus Group Topic/Question Guides
• Asking Qualitative Research Questions
• Framing Qualitative Questions
• In-Depth Interviews
• Stages of the Interview (and Focus Group Discussion)
• Focus Groups
• Structured Data Collection Techniques
• Freelisting and Pile Sorts
• Photo Elicitation
• Photovoice
• Vignettes
• Body Mapping
• Social Network Analysis
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• Recommended Readings
• References
• Chapter 5 Logistics in the Field
• Introduction to the Community: Building Rapport
• Stakeholders
• Family Influences
• Involving Policymakers and Change Agents
• Project Advisory Committees
• Developing the Field Team
• Field Assistants
• The Professional Field Team
• Training
• The Training Plan
• Skills Practice
• Sensitive Topics
• Field Materials
• Pilot Testing
• Field Logistics
• Supervision and Monitoring
• Generating Data Files
• Transcription and Translation
• Data Management and Storage
• Timelines and Budgets
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• Recommended Readings
• References
• Chapter 6 Qualitative Data Analysis
• Basic Steps in Qualitative Data Analysis
• Step 1. Reading: Developing an Intimate Relationship with the Data
• Reading for Content
• Noting Quality
• Identifying Patterns
• Step 2. Coding: Identifying the Emerging Themes
• What Aspects of the Text Are Coded?
• Developing a Codebook
• Applying Codes
• Team-Based Coding and Intercoder Reliability
• Advantages of Continuous Coding
• Computer Software
• Coding Reports: Building Theme-Related Files
• Step 3. Displaying Data: Distinguishing Nuances of a Topic
• Writing Data Display Memos
• Developing Hypotheses, Questioning, and Verifying
• Attention to Data Credibility
• Step 4. Data Reduction: Getting the Big Picture
• Step 5. Interpretation
• Synthesizing Findings: Gaps and Connections
• Interpretation of Qualitative Data in a Mixed-Method Design
• Establishing Trustworthiness
• Credibility
• Dependability
• Confirmability
• Transferability
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• Recommended Readings
• References
• Chapter 7 Disseminating Qualitative Research
• Research Ethics Require Dissemination
• An Inclusive Dissemination Process Promotes Use
• How to Develop a Communication and Dissemination Strategy
• Choosing a Format for Dissemination
• How to Disseminate to Community Stakeholders
• How to Disseminate to Research Participants
• How to Disseminate to Policy Audiences
• How to Disseminate to Other Researchers
• How to Disseminate via Oral Presentations
• How to Disseminate via Final Reports
• Outcome Indicators for Dissemination
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• Recommended Readings
• References
• Chapter 8 Putting It Into Words
• The Role of Writing in Responsible Conduct of Research
• Before You Write
• Recognize When to Write
• Chronicle What You Have Learned
• Choose an Audience and Format
• Select a Target Journal for Your Scientific Article
• Authorship Considerations for Scientific Articles
• Writing Your Article or Report
• Statement of Purpose
• Outline
• Introduction Section
• Methods Section
• Results Section
• Discussion Section
• Conclusion Section
• Acknowledgments Section
• After You Write
• Internal Review
• Submitting Your Article to a Journal
• When to Stop Writing
• External Review: Assessing the Product
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Review Questions
• Recommended Readings
• References
• Appendix 1 Case Studies
• Appendix 2 Examples of Oral Consent Forms
• Appendix 3 Participant Observation Notes
• Appendix 4 Topic Guides With Pictures
• Appendix 5 Sample Interviewer Training Program Agendas and Training Schedules
• Appendix 6 Sample Budget Categories for Planning Qualitative Data Collection
• Appendix 7 Coding Summary Report
• Appendix 8 Example of Data Analysis Memo
• Appendix 9 Making Study Findings Accessible to Other Researchers
• Appendix 10 Dissemination Materials for Community Stakeholders
• Appendix 11 Sample Briefs to Share Qualitative Study Findings with Policy Audiences
• Appendix 12 Sample Dissemination Strategy for Advocacy
• Appendix 13 Where to Publish
• Appendix 14 Who Is an Author?
• Index
• EULA