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• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Preface
• About the Authors
• Acknowledgements
• Part One: Introduction to Qualitative Research: Starting Out
• Chapter 1: The Main Features and Uses of Qualitative Research
• What is Qualitative Research?
• The Characteristics of Qualitative Research
• The Place of Theory in Qualitative Research
• The Use of Qualitative Research in Healthcare
• Choosing an Approach for Health Research
• Problematic Issues in Qualitative Research
• Conclusion
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Chapter 2: The Paradigm Debate: The Place of Qualitative Research
• Theoretical Frameworks and Ontological Position
• The Paradigm Debate
• Conflicting or Complementary Perspectives?
• Final Comment
• References
• Further Reading
• Chapter 3: Initial Steps in the Research Process
• Selecting and Formulating the Research Question
• The Literature Review
• Writing a Research Proposal
• Access and Entry to the Setting
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Chapter 4: Ethical Issues
• The Basic Ethical Framework for Research
• Ethics in Qualitative Research
• Researching One’s Peers
• The Research Relationship
• Research in the Researcher’s Workplace
• The Role of Research Ethics Committees
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Chapter 5: Supervision of Qualitative Research
• The Responsibilities of Supervisor and Student
• Writing and Relationships
• Practical Aspects of Supervision
• Single or Joint Supervision
• Problems with Supervision
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Part Two: Data Collection and Sampling
• Chapter 6: Interviewing
• Interviews as Sources of Data
• The Interview Process
• Types of Interview
• Probing, Prompting and Summarising
• The Social Context of the Interview
• Unexpected Outcomes: Qualitative Interviewing and Therapy
• Length and Timing of Interviews
• Recording Interview Data
• The Interviewer–Participant Relationship
• Problematic Issues and Challenges in Interviewing
• Interviewing Through Electronic Media
• Ethical Issues in Interviewing
• Strengths and Weaknesses of Interviewing
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Chapter 7: Participant Observation and Documents as Sources of Data
• Participant Observation
• The Origins of Participant Observation
• Immersion in Culture and Setting
• Documentary Sources of Data
• Images as Sources of Data
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Chapter 8: Focus Groups as Qualitative Research
• What is a Focus Group?
• The Origin and Purpose of Focus Groups
• Sample Size and Composition
• Conducting Focus Group Interviews
• Analysing and Reporting Focus Group Data
• Advantages and Limitations of Focus Groups
• Critical Comments on Focus Group Interviews in Healthcare
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Chapter 9: Sampling Strategies
• Sampling Decisions
• Purposeful (or Purposive) Sampling
• A Variety of Sampling Types
• Giving a Label to the Participants
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Part Three: Approaches in Qualitative Research
• Chapter 10: Ethnography
• The Development of Ethnography
• Ethnographic Methods
• Ethnography in Healthcare
• The Main Features of Ethnography
• Fieldwork
• Doing and Writing Ethnography
• Pitfalls and Problems
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Chapter 11: Grounded Theory
• History and Origin
• The Main Features of Grounded Theory
• Data Collection, Theoretical Sampling and Analysis
• Pitfalls and Problems
• Glaser’s Critique and Further Development
• Constructivist Grounded Theory
• Which Approach for the Health Researcher?
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Chapter 12: Narrative Inquiry
• The Nature of Narrative and Story
• Narrative Research
• Illness Narratives
• Narrative Interviewing
• Narrative Analysis
• Problematic Issues
• Conclusion
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Chapter 13: Phenomenology
• Intentionality and the Early Stages of Phenomenology
• Schools of Phenomenology
• The Phenomenological Research Process: Doing Phenomenology
• Phenomenology and Health Research
• Choice of Approach: Descriptive or Interpretive Phenomenology
• Procedures for Data Collection and Analysis
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Chapter 14: Action Research
• The Origins of Action Research
• Action Research in Healthcare
• The Main Features of Action Research
• Practical Steps
• Trustworthiness in AR
• Problems and Critique
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Chapter 15: Additional Approaches
• Overview
• Features and Purpose of Case Study Research
• Conversation Analysis
• Critical Incident Technique
• Discourse Analysis
• Performative Social Science
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Chapter 16: Mixing Methods
• The Nature of Mixed Methods Studies
• Doing Mixed Methods Research
• Types of Mixed Methods Research
• The Place and Purpose of the Literature
• Triangulation
• Critique of MMR
• Conclusion
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Part Four: Data Analysis and Completion
• Chapter 17: Data Analysis: Procedures, Practices and Use of Computers
• Coding and Categorising
• Problems of QDA
• Computer-Aided Analysis of Qualitative Data
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Chapter 18: Establishing Quality: Trustworthiness and Validity
• Quality
• An Alternative Perspective: Trustworthiness
• Strategies to Ensure Trustworthiness
• Quality and Creativity
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Chapter 19: Writing up Qualitative Research
• The Research Account
• Use of the First Person
• The Format of the Report
• Critical Assessment and Evaluation
• Guide to Research Evaluation
• Publishing and Presenting the Research
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading
• Final Note
• References
• Glossary
• Index
• End User License Agreement