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• List of Figures, Tables and Case Studies
• About the Authors
• Preface to the Second Edition
• Preface to the First Edition
• Acknowledgements
• Online Resources
• INTRODUCTION
• 1 Introduction to the Book
• Who is this book for?
• The qualitative research cycle
• Structure of the book
• Features of the book
• 2 The Nature of Qualitative Research and our Approach
• What is qualitative research?
• When to use qualitative research
• The underlying interpretive paradigm
• Qualitative and quantitative research
• Verstehen and understanding
• The emic and etic perspectives
• Subjectivity and the need for reflexivity
• Our approach to qualitative research
• Evaluating quality
• Further reading
• PART I THE DESIGN CYCLE
• 3 Qualitative Research Design
• Introduction
• Formulating qualitative research questions
• Incorporating literature and theory
• Developing a conceptual framework
• Selecting qualitative research methods
• Evaluating quality
• Further reading
• 4 Designing Participatory Research
• Introduction
• Our participatory approach to qualitative research
• The participatory design sub-cycle
• A participatory approach in data collection and analysis
• Different roles of the researcher
• Evaluating quality
• Further reading
• 5 Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research
• Introduction
• What is ethics?
• Ethics in qualitative research
• Ethical issues in the design cycle
• Ethical issues in the data collection cycle
• Ethical issues in the analytic cycle
• Evaluating quality
• Further reading
• PART II THE DATA COLLECTION CYCLE
• 6 Sampling and Participant Recruitment
• What is purposive sampling?
• Purposive sampling process
• Participant recruitment strategies
• How many participants? The principle of saturation
• Evaluating quality
• Further reading
• 7 In-depth Interviews
• What is an in-depth interview?
• When to use in-depth interviews
• Purpose of an in-depth interview
• The cyclical nature of data collection
• Developing an interview guide
• Preparing for data collection
• Conducting the interview: Skills of the interviewer
• Strengths and limitations
• Evaluating quality
• Further reading
• 8 Focus Group Discussions
• What is a focus group discussion?
• When to use focus group discussions
• The cyclical nature of data collection
• Developing the discussion guide
• Preparing for data collection
• Conducting focus group discussions
• Post-discussion information
• Virtual focus groups
• Strengths and limitations
• Evaluating quality
• Further reading
• 9 Observation
• What is observation?
• When to use observation
• The cyclical nature of data collection
• What to observe
• Types of observation
• Preparation and conduct of observation
• Writing an observation
• Reporting observations
• Strengths and limitations
• Evaluating quality
• Further reading
• PART III THE ANALYTIC CYCLE
• 10 Data Preparation and Developing Codes
• Introduction
• Different approaches to textual data analysis
• The nature of qualitative data analysis
• Textual data preparation
• Developing codes
• Making a codebook
• Using software in qualitative analysis
• Evaluating quality
• Further reading
• 11 Textual Data Analysis
• Introduction
• Developing an analysis plan
• Searching data
• The cyclical process of analysis
• Description
• Comparison
• Categorizing and conceptualizing
• Theory development
• Evaluating quality
• Further reading
• 12 From Analysis to Participatory Action
• Introduction
• From analysis to participatory action
• Designing action: The participant-based action cycle for social change
• The overall participatory qualitative research cycle
• The implementation of participatory projects: Tailored to the context
• Different roles of the researcher
• Evaluating quality
• Further reading
• 13 Academic Writing of Qualitative Research
• Writing qualitative research
• Before you write
• Writing a qualitative research article
• After you write
• Evaluating quality
• Further reading
• POSTSCRIPT Assessing Quality in the Qualitative Research Cycle
• Glossary
• References
• Index