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• Cover image
• Title Page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Reviewers
• Foreword
• Preface
• Content
• Learning Enhancements
• Instructor’s Ancillaries
• Using the Book
• About the Authors
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Introduction to Radiation Protection
• Team Concept in the Medical Field
• Control of Radiant Energy
• Goals of Radiation Protection
• Concept of Radiation Protection
• Justification and Responsibility for Imaging Procedures
• As Low as Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) Principle
• Patient Protection and Patient Education
• Summary
• References
• General Discussion Questions
• Review Questions
• 2 Radiation
• Radiation
• Summary
• References
• General Discussion Questions
• Review Questions
• 3 Interaction of X-Radiation With Matter
• Significance of X-Ray Absorption in Biologic Tissue
• X-Ray Beam Production and Energy
• Attenuation
• Probability of Photon Interaction With Matter
• Processes of Interaction
• Summary
• Reference
• General Discussion Questions
• Review Questions
• 4 Radiation Quantities and Units
• Historical Evolution of Radiation Quantities and Units
• Radiation Quantities and Their SI Units of Measure
• Summary
• References
• General Discussion Questions
• Review Questions
• 5 Radiation Monitoring
• Personnel Monitoring
• Personnel Dosimeters
• Radiation Survey Instruments for Area Monitoring
• Instruments Used to Measure X-Ray Exposure in Radiology
• Summary
• References
• General Discussion Questions
• Review Questions
• 6 Overview of Cell Biology
• The Cell
• Cell Chemical Composition
• Cell Structure
• Cell Division
• Summary
• References
• General Discussion Questions
• Review Questions
• 7 Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
• Ionizing Radiation
• Radiation Energy Transfer Determinants
• Molecular Effects of Irradiation
• Effects of Irradiation on the Entire Cell
• Survival Curves for Mammalian Cells
• Cell Radiosensitivity
• Summary
• References
• General Discussion Questions
• Review Questions
• 8 Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems
• Somatic and Genetic Effects
• Somatic Effects
• Summary
• References
• General Discussion Questions
• Review Questions
• 9 Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in Organ Systems
• Epidemiology
• Radiation Dose–Response Relationship
• Somatic Effects
• Genetic (Hereditary) Effects
• Summary
• References
• General Discussion Questions
• Review Questions
• 10 Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
• Basis of Effective Dose Limiting System
• Radiation Protection Standards Organizations
• US Regulatory Agencies
• Radiation Safety Program
• Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968
• ALARA Concept
• Food and Drug Administration White Paper
• Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981
• Radiation-Induced Responses of Concern in Radiation Protection
• Current Radiation Protection Philosophy
• Basis for the Effective Dose Limiting System
• Current National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Recommendations
• Action Limits
• Radiation Hormesis
• Occupational and Nonoccupational Dose Limits
• Summary
• References
• General Discussion Questions
• Review Questions
• 11 Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
• Radiation Safety Features of Radiographic Equipment, Devices, and Accessories
• General Information and Radiation Safety Features of Digital Imaging Equipment, Devices, and Accessories
• Radiation Safety Features of Fluoroscopic Equipment, Devices, and Accessories
• Radiation Safety Features of Mobile C-Arm Fluoroscopy Equipment, Devices, and Accessories
• Radiation Safety Features of Digital Fluoroscopic Equipment, Devices, and Accessories
• Radiation Safety for High Level Control Interventional Procedures
• Summary
• References
• General Discussion Questions
• Review Questions
• 12 Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
• Effective Communication
• Immobilization
• Protective Shielding
• Technical Exposure Factors
• Postprocessing of the Radiographic Image
• Air Gap Technique
• Repeat Images
• Protecting the Pregnant or Potentially Pregnant Patient
• Pediatric Considerations During Radiographic Imaging
• Image Gently Campaign
• Image Wisely Campaign
• Summary
• References
• General Discussion Questions
• Review Questions
• 13 Special Considerations on Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammography
• Patient Dose in Computed Tomography
• Methods for Reduction of Patient Dose in CT
• Computed Tomography Dose Parameters
• Effective Computed Tomography Dose
• Goal of Computed Tomography Imaging From a Radiation Protection Point of View
• Patient Dose in Mammography
• Summary
• References
• General Discussion Questions
• Review Questions
• 14 Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
• Annual Limit for Occupationally Exposed Personnel
• ALARA Concept
• Dose-Reduction Methods and Techniques
• Protection for Pregnant Personnel
• Basic Principles of Radiation Protection for Personnel Exposure Reduction
• X-Ray Tube Housing Cables
• Protection During Fluoroscopic Procedures
• Protection During Mobile Radiographic Examinations
• Protection During C-Arm Fluoroscopy
• Protection During High Level Control Interventional Procedures
• Diagnostic X-Ray Suite Protection Design
• Radiation Warning Signage
• Summary
• References
• General Discussion Questions
• Review Questions
• 15 Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
• Medical Usage
• Radiation Emergencies: Use of Radiation as a Terrorist Weapon
• Summary
• References
• General Discussion Questions
• Review Questions
• Appendix A Relationships Between Systems of Units
• Appendix B Standard Designations for Metric System Lengths, Electron Volt Energy Levels, and Frequency Spectrum Ranges
• Appendix C Periodic Table of Elements
• Appendix D Chance of a 50-KeV Photon Interacting With Atoms of Tissue as It Travels Through 5 cm of Soft Tissue
• Appendix E Relationship Among Photons, Electromagnetic Waves, Wavelength, and Energy
• Appendix F Electron Shell Structure of the Atom
• Appendix G Compton Interaction
• Appendix H Revision of 10 CFR Part 35*
• Appendix I Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981*
• Subtitle I—Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981
• Appendix J Image Gently Pledge
• Appendix K Image Wisely Pledge
• Pledge for Imaging Professionals
• Glossary
• Index