Efnisyfirlit

• Half-title
• Series-title
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Wildland degradation and repair
• Introduction
• Degradation
• Setting realistic objectives
• What do we call what we want to accomplish?
• Repairing damaged wildlands
• Philosophical approaches
• AGRONOMIC APPROACH
• ECOLOGICAL APPROACH
• Recommended approach
• PROCESS-ORIENTED STRATEGIES
• INITIATE AND DIRECT AUTOGENIC PROCESS
• CONSIDER LANDSCAPE INTERACTIONS
• 2 Assessing damage to primary processes
• Introduction
• What is proper versus damaged functioning?
• Conservation of resources
• LANDFORM AND GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES
• BIOTIC CONTROLS
• Proper hydrologic functioning
• INFILTRATION AND RUNOFF
• EVAPORATION, TRANSPIRATION, AND SALINIZATION
• Erosion
• WATER (FLUVIVAL) EROSION
• WIND (EOLIAN) EROSION
• Assessing wildland processes
• Soil stability and hydrologic functioning
• SOIL SURFACE CONDITIONS
• SURFACE ROUGHNESS
• THRESHOLD WIND EROSION VELOCITY
• RAIN USE EFFICIENCY
• PROPER FUNCTIONING CONDITION OF RIPARIAN WETLANDS
• Nutrient cycling
• NUTRIENT AVAILABILTY IN ECOSYSTEMS
• COMMUNITY RESPONSE TO FERTILIZATION
• NUTRIENTS AND SUCCESSION
• Visual assessments of nutrient cycling
• 3 Repairing damaged primary processes
• Introduction
• Improving soil surface conditions
• Increase surface soil roughness
• CONTROLLING WIND EROSION WITH ROUGHER SOIL SURFACES
• Add aboveground obstructions
• TYPES OF ABOVEGROUND OBSTRUCTIONS
• PLANTS AS OBSTACLES TO FLUVIVAL FLOWS
• PLANTS AS OBSTACLES TO EOLIAN FLOWS
• PREPARATORY CROPS
• SHELTERBELTS
• Use soil conditioners
• Initiate microbiotic crust development
• Increasing resource retention
• Match vegetation with the nutrient regime
• NITROGEN
• SOIL PH
• NUTRIENT CYCLING
• Repair or replace biotic processes in the soil
• Add organic materials
• Other hydrologic problems
• Dryland salinization
• Gully erosion
• Compacted soils
• 4 Directing vegetation change
• Introduction
• Understanding vegetation change
• Process and context
• Uncertainty, rare and infrequent events
• Temporal and spatial variability
• Multiple mechanisms of change
• Multiple stable-states and transition thresholds
• TRANSITIONS CONTROLLED BY ABIOTIC LIMITATIONS
• TRANSITIONS CONTROLLED BY BIOTIC INTERACTIONS
• Setting goals
• Directing change
• Differential species performance
• PLANT-TO-PLANT INTERACTIONS
• RESOURCE AVAILABILITY
• HERBIVORY
• Differential site availability
• SAFE SITES
• AUTOGENIC DEVELOPMENT
• Differential species availability
• DISPERSAL
• SEED PREDATORS
• 5 Selecting plant materials
• Introduction
• Species and species mixtures
• Native species
• SEED SOURCE
• USING NONNATIVE SPECIES
• Species diversity
• GENETIC DIVERSITY
• Functional diversity
• ECOLOGICAL STRATEGIES
• REGENERATION STRATEGIES
• POLLINATION REQUIREMENTS
• SITE STABILIZATION AND PRIMARY PROCESS REPAIR
• FUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCY
• Assembly rules
• Self-design
• Which plant part should be planted?
• Seed
• SEED QUALITY
• COLLECTING SEED
• STRONG SEED
• HAY MULCH AS SOURCE OF SEED
• FLUPPY GRASS SEED OR BARE CARYOPSIS
• SEED FROM TOPSOIL ADDITIONS
• Whole plants
• WILDINGS
• RARE-ROOT STOCK
• CONTAINER-GROWN STOCK
• SOD
• Plant parts
• 6 Site preparation and seedbed management
• Introduction
• Unassisted natural recovery
• Assisted natural recovery
• Artificially induced recovery
• Why do seedings fail?
• GERMINATION AND EMERGENCE
• ESTABLISHMENT
• Seedbed preparation
• MECHANICAL AND MANUAL METHODS
• CHEMICAL METHODS
• BURNING METHODS
• BIOLOGICAL METHODS
• Special seedbed considerations
• Water-limiting environments
• WATER HARVESTING
• SNOWFENCES
• Salinized soils
• Active sand dunes
• Mulches
• 7 Planting
• Introduction
• Direct seeding
• Seed preparation
• BREAKING SEED DORMANCY
• INOCULATION
• Planting time
• Seeding rate
• SEEDING RATES AND COMPETITIVE INTERFERENCE
• PLANTING VERY LOW SEEDING RATES
• Seeding depth
• Drill seeding
• INTERSEEDING
• Broadcast seeding
• SEEDBED REQUIREMENTS
• AERIAL SEEDING
• HAY MULCH SEEDING
• CULTIPACKER-TYPE SEEDERS
• HYDROSEEDING
• Transplanting
• Planting densities for trees and shrubs
• Wildings
• Sod
• Bare-root stock
• Container-grown stock
• Cuttings
• WOODY CUTTINGS
• SPRIGS
• Maintenance of planted landscapes
• Prairies
• Forests and woodlands
• Protecting shrub and tree seedlings
• CHEMICAL REPELLENTS
• PROTECTIVE TUBES
• 8 Planning repair programs for wildland landscapes
• Introduction
• Understanding landscapes
• Landscape structure
• Landscape function
• Guidelines for designing landscapes
• Treat causes rather than symptoms of degradation
• Emphasize process repair over structural replacement
• Design repair actions at the proper scale
• Design landscapes to increase retention of limiting resources
• Design spatial variation into landscapes
• Design landscapes to maintain the integrity of primary processes
• Design linkages into landscapes
• Design propagule donor patches into landscapes
• Design landscapes to encourage animal dispersal of desired seed
• Design landscapes to encourage wind dispersal of desired seed
• Design landscapes to encourage positive animal interactions
• Design landscapes to improve the microenvironment at different scales
• A decision-making framework
• Context analysis
• SOCIOECONOMIC CONTEXT
• ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT
• Risk and uncertainty
• ASSESSING RISK AND UNCERTAINTY
• CLIMATIC UNCERTAINTY
• TECHNICAL UNCERTAINTY
• SOCIOECONOMIC UNCERTAINTIES
• PLANNING FOR RISK AND UNCERTAINTY
• Management intervention
• Monitoring and evaluation
• REFERENCE SITES
• MEASURING PROGRESS
• Literature cited
• Index