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• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Brief contents
• Contents
• Welcome to your ebook
• About the authors
• Guided tour
• Introduction
• Acknowledgements
• Part 1 Basics of research
• 1 Role of research in psychology
• Overview
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 The importance of reading
• 1.3 Evaluating the evidence
• 1.4 Inferring causality
• 1.5 Types of research and the assessment of causality
• 1.6 Practice
• 1.7 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 2 Aims and hypotheses in research
• Overview
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Types of study
• 2.3 Aims of research
• 2.4 Research hypotheses
• 2.5 Four types of hypothesis
• 2.6 Difficulties in formulating aims and hypotheses
• 2.7 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 3 Variables, concepts and measures
• Overview
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 History of the variable in psychology
• 3.3 Types of variable
• 3.4 Independent and dependent variables
• 3.5 Measurement characteristics of variables
• 3.6 Stevens’ theory of scales of measurement
• 3.7 Operationalising concepts and variables
• 3.8 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 4 Problems of generalisation and decision-making in research: Chance findings and sample size
• Overview
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Universalism
• 4.3 Sampling and generalisation
• 4.4 Statistics and generalisation
• 4.5 Directional and non-directional hypotheses again
• 4.6 More on the similarity between measures of effect (difference) and association
• 4.7 Sample size and size of association
• 4.8 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 5 Research reports: The total picture
• Overview
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Overall strategy of report writing
• 5.3 Sections of the research report in detail
• 5.4 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 6 Improving your quantitative write-up
• Overview
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Poorly written quantitative report
• 6.3 Analysis of the report
• 6.4 Improved version of the report
• 6.5 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 7 Literature search
• Overview
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Library classification systems
• 7.3 Electronic databases
• 7.4 Obtaining articles not in your library
• 7.5 Personal bibliographic database software
• 7.6 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 8 Ethics and data management in research
• Overview
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Ethics: general principles
• 8.3 Research ethics
• 8.4 Ethics and publication
• 8.5 How to obtain a participant’s consent
• 8.6 Data management
• 8.7 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• Part 2 Quantitative research methods
• 9 Basic laboratory experiments
• Overview
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Characteristics of the true or randomised experiment
• 9.3 More advanced research designs
• 9.4 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activity
• 10 Advanced experimental designs
• Overview
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Multiple levels of the independent variable
• 10.3 Multiple dependent variables
• 10.4 Factorial designs
• 10.5 Psychology and social psychology of the laboratory experiment
• 10.6 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 11 Cross-sectional or correlational research: Non-manipulation studies
• Overview
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 Cross-sectional designs
• 11.3 The case for non-manipulation studies
• 11.4 Key concepts in the analysis of cross-sectional studies
• 11.5 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 12 Longitudinal studies
• Overview
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 Panel designs
• 12.3 Different types of third variable
• 12.4 Analysis of non-experimental designs
• 12.5 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 13 Sampling and population surveys
• Overview
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Types of probability sampling
• 13.3 Non-probability sampling
• 13.4 National surveys
• 13.5 Socio-demographic characteristics of samples
• 13.6 Sample size and population surveys
• 13.7 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 14 Data analysis issues and scientific progress
• Overview
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Confidence intervals
• 14.3 Effect sizes
• 14.4 Power
• 14.5 Replication Crisis
• 14.6 Questionable research practices and truth inflation
• 14.7 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• Part 3 Fundamentals of testing and measurement
• 15 Psychological tests: Their use and construction
• Overview
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 Concept of a scale
• 15.3 Scale construction
• 15.4 Item analysis or factor analysis?
• 15.5 Other considerations in test construction
• 15.6 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 16 Reliability and validity: Evaluating the value of tests and measures
• Overview
• 16.1 Introduction
• 16.2 Reliability of measures
• 16.3 Validity
• 16.4 Types of validity
• 16.5 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activity
• 17 Coding data
• Overview
• 17.1 Introduction
• 17.2 Types of coding
• 17.3 Reliability and validity when coding
• 17.4 Qualitative coding
• 17.5 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• Part 4 Qualitative research methods
• 18 Why qualitative research?
• Overview
• 18.1 Introduction
• 18.2 What is qualitative research?
• 18.3 History of the qualitative/quantitative divide in psychology
• 18.4 Quantification–qualitative methods continuum
• 18.5 Evaluation of qualitative versus quantitative methods
• 18.6 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activity
• 19 Qualitative data collection
• Overview
• 19.1 Introduction
• 19.2 Major qualitative data collection approaches
• 19.3 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 20 Transcribing language data: Jefferson system
• Overview
• 20.1 Introduction
• 20.2 Jefferson transcription
• 20.3 Advice for transcribers
• 20.4 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 21 Thematic analysis
• Overview
• 21.1 Introduction
• 21.2 What is thematic analysis?
• 21.3 Basic approach to thematic analysis
• 21.4 More sophisticated version of thematic analysis
• 21.5 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activity
• 22 Grounded theory
• Overview
• 22.1 Introduction
• 22.2 Development of grounded theory
• 22.3 Data in grounded theory
• 22.4 How to do grounded theory analysis
• 22.5 Computer grounded theory analysis
• 22.6 Evaluation of grounded theory
• 22.7 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activity
• 23 Discourse analysis
• Overview
• 23.1 Introduction
• 23.2 Basic discourse analysis theory
• 23.3 The agenda of discourse analysis
• 23.4 Doing discourse analysis
• 23.5 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 24 Conversation analysis
• Overview
• 24.1 Introduction
• 24.2 Precepts of conversation analysis
• 24.3 Stages in conversation analysis
• 24.4 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 25 Interpretative phenomenological analysis
• Overview
• 25.1 Introduction
• 25.2 Philosophical foundations of interpretative phenomenological analysis
• 25.3 Stages in interpretative phenomenological analysis
• 25.4 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 26 Evaluating qualitative research
• Overview
• 26.1 Introduction
• 26.2 Criteria for novices
• 26.3 Evaluating qualitative research
• 26.4 Validity
• 26.5 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• 27 Improving your qualitative write-up
• Overview
• 27.1 Introduction
• 27.2 Poorly written qualitative report
• 27.3 Critical evaluation
• 27.4 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activities
• Part 5 Research for projects, dissertations and theses
• 28 Developing ideas for research
• Overview
• 28.1 Introduction
• 28.2 Why not a replication study?
• 28.3 Choosing a research topic
• 28.4 Sources of research ideas
• 28.5 Conclusion
• Key points
• Activity
• 29 Managing your research project
• Overview
• 29.1 Introduction
• 29.2 Advice for consideration
• 29.3 Conclusion
• Key points
• Glossary
• References
• Index