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• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• List of Maps
• List of Photos
• Preface
• Acronyms
• Introduction
• References
• Chapter One Social Movements and Revolutions
• Revolutionary Movements: Critical Factors
• Theories of Revolution
• Are Revolutions Developing or Occurring Now?
• Summary and Analysis
• References
• Chapter Two The Russian Revolutions and Eastern Europe
• Geography and Population
• The Setting for Revolution
• The Russian Social Democratic Party
• The Attempted Revolution of 1905
• The Revolutions of 1917
• Women in the Russian Revolutions
• Assessing the Bolshevik Seizure of Power
• The Civil War
• Leadership Struggle
• The Soviet Union Under Stalin
• The Russian Revolution: Long-Term Consequences
• The Soviet Union and Revolution in Eastern Europe
• The Solidarity Movement and the Roots of Conflict in Post-Communist Party States
• The Disintegration of the Soviet Union
• Economic and Political Trends
• Corruption
• Health and Related Issues
• The Ukrainian Revolutions
• Charges of Russian Interference in US Elections
• Summary and Analysis
• Russian Revolutions: Chronology of Major Events
• References
• Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries
• Chapter Three Revolution in China
• Geography and Population
• Social and Historical Settings for Revolution
• The Development of the Republican Movement
• Civil War in China
• Women in the Chinese Revolution
• The People’s Republic of China, 1949-1990
• The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, 1966-1968
• Post-1978 Reforms
• The 1989 Pro-Democracy Demonstrations
• China’s Economic and Political Systems in the 1990s
• China’s Economic Success Relative to the Former USSR
• Morality and the Future of the Chinese Revolution
• Constitution and Government
• China’s Progress, Problems, Policies, and Plans for the Future
• The 2014 and 2019-2020 Hong Kong Democracy Movements
• China and the Coronavirus Pandemic
• Summary and Analysis
• Chinese Revolution: Chronology of Major Events
• References
• Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries
• Chapter Four The Vietnamese Revolution
• Geography and Population
• Early Cultural and Political Characteristics
• French Conquest
• The French Impact on Vietnam
• Resistance to French Rule
• The Impact of World War II
• Insurrection
• The French Indochina War, 1946-1954
• The 1954 Geneva Accords on Indochina
• US Involvement in Vietnam, 1954-1975
• Women in the Vietnamese Revolution
• Aftermath and Related Developments
• Summary and Analysis
• Vietnamese Revolution: Chronology of Major Events
• References
• Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries
• Chapter Five The Cuban Revolution
• Geography and Population
• Pre-Revolutionary Political History
• Economy and Social Classes
• Revolution
• Revolutionary Cuba
• Women in the Cuban Revolution
• US Reactions to the Revolution
• Cuba and Revolution in Other Countries
• Cuba and Venezuela’s Bolivarian Revolution and the Democratic Shift to the Left in Latin America
• The Cuban Economy and Political System
• Summary and Analysis
• Cuban Revolution: Chronology of Major Events
• References
• Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries
• Chapter Six Revolution in Nicaragua
• Geography and Population
• Nicaragua Before the Revolution
• The Revolution
• Post-Revolutionary Government, Changes, and Conflicts
• US and World Reactions to the Revolution
• The 1989 Peace Agreement and 1990 Election
• Nicaragua After the Violeta Chamorro Presidency
• Daniel Ortega and the FSLN Regain the Presidency
• The 2018 Protests
• Criticisms of the Nicaraguan Government’s COVID-19 Pandemic Response
• Women in the Nicaraguan Revolution
• Summary and Analysis
• Nicaraguan Revolution: Chronology of Major Events
• References
• Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries
• Chapter Seven The Iranian Revolution and Islamic Fundamentalism
• Geography and Population
• National Culture
• The Qajar Dynasty and Foreign Influence
• The Pahlavi Dynasty
• The Setting for Revolution
• The Revolutionary Process
• Revolutionary Iran
• Iran After Khomeini
• Women in the Iranian Revolution
• Iran and the 1991 Gulf War
• Iran and Islamic Revolution Elsewhere
• Iran, Afghanistan, the War on Terror, and the US-Led Invasion and Occupation of Iraq
• Developments After the Election of Obama
• The 2013 Iranian Election
• The 2015 Iranian Nuclear Agreement and the Later Change in US Policy
• Summary and Analysis
• Iranian Revolution: Chronology of Major Events
• References
• Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries
• Chapter Eight Islamic Revolutionary Movements
• Historical Background of Islamic Fundamentalism
• Fundamentalism, Millenarianism, and Revolutionary Potential in Shia Islam
• Contemporary Revolutionary Fundamentalism in Sunna Islam: Hamas, Al Qaeda, the Taliban
• The War in Iraq
• Women in the Islamic Fundamentalist Revolution
• Hezbollah and the War with Israel
• Summary and Analysis
• Islamic Revolutionary Movements: Chronology of Major Events
• References
• Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries
• Chapter Nine South Africa
• Geography and Population
• Dutch and British Colonization
• The Union of South Africa
• The Apartheid State
• Changes in the Apartheid System
• Opposition to Apartheid
• Counterinsurgency Strategies of the Regime in the 1980s
• Reforming Apartheid
• Dismantling Apartheid
• Women in the South African Revolution
• South Africa After Apartheid
• The Passing of Mandela, Political and Economic Issues, and the Future of South Africa
• Summary and Analysis
• South Africa: Chronology of Major Events
• References
• Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries
• Chapter Ten Revolution Through Democracy
• Revolution to Democracy
• Revolution Through Democracy: The Venezuelan Exception
• Ideology, Policies, and Social Change
• Venezuela After Chávez
• Chávez’s Achievements and Persisting Challenges
• Women in the Venezuelan Bolivarian Revolution
• The Maduro Presidency
• Revolution Through Democracy: Bolivia
• Ideology, Policies, Changes, and Challenges
• Women in the Bolivian Socialist Revolution
• Elections in Other Nations
• Summary and Analysis
• Chronology of Major Events
• References
• Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries
• Chapter Eleven The Arab Revolution
• The Pre-Revolutionary Political Terrain
• The Arab Revolution and the Five Essential Revolutionary Factors
• The Counterrevolution
• Tunisia
• Egypt
• Libya
• Syria
• Bahrain
• Results of the Arab Revolution
• Women in the Arab Revolution
• Summary and Analysis
• Chronology of Major Events
• References
• Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries
• Chapter Twelve Conclusions
• Comparisons Among the Case Studies
• Inadequacies in the Theories of Revolution
• Revolutions of the Future?
• References
• Purchase and Rental Sources
• Index