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• Cover Page
• Half Title page
• Series
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• List of Contributors
• Preface
• Why Study Security and Why Use This Reader?
• How to Use this Reader
• Acknowledgements
• What is Security?
• Introduction
• National Security As an Ambiguous Symbol
• Notes
• Redefining Security
• Security Versus What?
• A Redefinition of Threats
• Assessing Vulnerability
• Changing the Consensus
• Notes
• The National Security Problem in International Relations
• Notes
• The Concept of Security
• Security As a Contested Concept
• Specifying the Security Problematique
• Security for Whom?
• Security for Which Values?
• How Much Security?
• From What Threats?
• By What Means?
• At What Cost?
• In What Time Period?
• The Value of Security
• The Prime Value Approach
• The Core Value Approach
• The Marginal Value Approach
• Notes
• Security and Emancipation
• Word Problems and World Problems
• The Interregnum
• A Turning Point for Inter-State War
• Security in Our New Times
• Emancipation Versus Power and Order
• The Case for Emancipation
• Notes
• Feminism and Security
• Engendered Insecurities: Feminist Perspectives On International Relations
• Gender in International Relations
• Contemporary Feminist Theories
• Feminist Theories and International Relations
• Notes
• Bibliography
• The Third World and Security Studies
• The Periphery As the Core: The Third World and Security Studies
• National Security, Regional Conflicts, and the Emergence of the Third World
• Security in the Post-Cold War Era: The Relevance of the Third World Experience
• Notes
• Redefining Security (2)
• Human Security
• What Is Human Security?
• A Guide for Research and Policymaking?
• Attempts to Narrow the Concept
• Human Security As a Category of Research
• Notes
• The Renaissance of Security Studies
• What is “security Studies”?
• Problems and Prospects for Security Studies
• Potential Problems
• A Research Agenda for Security Studies
• References
• Notes
• Securitization
• From Alternative Security to Security, the Speech Act
• Notes
• Discussion Questions
• Security Paradigms
• Introduction
• The Nemesis of Utopianism
• The Foundations of Utopianism
• Benthamism Transplanted
• Rationalism and the League of Nations
• The Apotheosis of Public Opinion
• The Nemesis of Utopianism
• The Problem of Diagnosis
• The International Harmony
• The Common Interest in Peace
• International Economic Harmony
• The Harmony Broken
• Notes
• A Realist Theory of International Politics
• Six Principles of Political Realism
• The Concept of Order in World Politics
• International Order
• World Order
• Anarchic Orders and Balances of Power
• 1. Violence at Home and Abroad
• 2. Interdependence and Integration
• 3. Structures and Strategies
• 4. The Virtues of Anarchy
• References
• Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma
• I. Anarchy and the Security Dilemma
• II. What Makes Security Cooperation More Likely?
• IV. Four Worlds
• Notes
• The False Promise of International Institutions
• Liberal Institutionalism
• Notes
• Economics and the Moral Case for War
• Note
• Neoliberal Institutionalism
• Neoliberal Institutionalism: A Perspective On World Politics
• Thinking About International Institutions
• Organizations, Rules, and Conventions
• The Significance of Institutions
• Neoliberal Institutionalism and Neorealism
• Neoliberal Institutionalism and Liberalism
• Notes
• References
• Democratic Peace
• Liberal Internationalism
• Notes
• References
• Neo-Kantian Perspective
• Democracy and Peace
• Peace and Economic Interdependence
• Democracy and Interdependence
• Notes
• The Social Construction of Power Politics
• Anarchy and the Social Construction of Power Politics
• Notes
• Norms, Identity, and National Security
• The Concept of Political-Military Culture
• Notes
• Discussion Questions
• Security Dimensions and Issues
• Introduction
• Nuclear Deterrence
• Nuclear Lessons of the Cold War
• When and Why Does Deterrence Work?
• Deterrence in Hindsight
• Notes
• References
• Arms Races
• The Action–reaction Model
• The Idioms of Action and Reaction
• Magnitude, Timing, and Awareness in the Action–reaction Process
• Magnitude
• Timing
• Awareness
• The Impact of Strategic Objectives On the Arms Dynamic
• The Domestic Structure Model
• Domestic Structure Explanations of the Arms Dynamic
• Institutionalization of Military Research and Development
• Institutionalization of Military Production
• Economic Management
• Electoral Politics
• The Military-Industrial Complex
• Organizational Politics
• The Unifying and Identity-Creating Roles of Military Threats, Real and Unreal
• Civil War and Internal Repression
• Bibliography
• Why do States Build Nuclear Weapons?
• The Security Model: Nuclear Weapons and International Threats
• Policy Implications of the Security Model
• Problems and Evidence
• The Domestic Politics Model: Nuclear Pork and Parochial Interests
• Policy Implications of the Domestic Politics Model
• The Norms Model: Nuclear Symbols and State Identity
• Policy Implications of the Norms Model
• Notes
• New Military Conflict
• A New Way of Warfare
• Forms of Intervention
• The Information Advantage
• Notes
• Technology and War
• The so-Called Revolution in Military Affairs
• Notes
• Resources and Conflict
• Simple-Scarcity Conflicts Between States
• Population Movement and Group-Identity Conflicts
• Economic Deprivation, Institutional Disruption, and Civil Strife
• A Combined Model
• The Causal Role of Environmental Scarcity
• Implications for International Security
• Notes
• Migration and Security
• Security, Stability, and International Migration
• When Is Migration a Threat to Security and Stability?
• Refugees and Immigrants As Opponents of the Home Regime
• Refugees and Immigrants As a Political Risk to the Host Country
• Migrants Perceived As a Threat to Cultural Identity
• Migrants Perceived As a Social or Economic Burden
• Migrants As Hostages: Risks for the Sending Country
• Notes
• Transnational Crime and Security
• Transnational Criminal Organisations and International Security
• The Changing International Environment
• The Rise of Transnational Criminal Organisations
• The Threat to Security
• Notes
• AIDS/HIV and Security
• Aids and International Security
• The Direct Danger of Aids
• Aids and the Military
• Aids and State Failure
• The New Children of War
• Weakening Global Stability
• The New Costs of War
• Notes
• Economics and Security
• Classical Issues: The Underlying Harmony
• The Political Economy of Power
• The Economic Causes of War
• Strategy and the Budget Constraint
• Modern Issues: Action and Reaction
• Coercion and Punishment
• Influence and Dependence
• Autonomy
• New Classical Issues: The Economic Sustainability of Security
• The Economics of Defense
• The Locus of Production
• The Social Economy
• Notes
• References
• Discussion Questions
• Security Frameworks and Actors
• Introduction
• The Long Peace
• Systems Theory and International Stability
• The Structural Elements of Stability
• Bipolarity
• “Rules” of the Superpower “Game”
• Notes
• The Unipolar Illusion
• The Unipolar Illusion: Why New Great Powers Will Rise
• Why Great Powers Rise – the Role of Systemic Constraints
• Differential Growth Rates
• The Consequences of Anarchy: Balancing and Sameness
• History, Unipolarity and Great Power Emergence
• After the Cold War: America in a Unipolar World?
• Reaction to Unipolarity: Towards a Multipolar World
• Notes
• Alliance Politics
• Alliance Formation in a Multipolar System: The Primary Alliance Dilemma
• After Alignments Form: The Secondary Alliance Dilemma
• Notes
• Alliance Futures
• What Is an Alliance?
• Why Do Alliances End?
• Changing Perceptions of Threat
• Declining Credibility
• Domestic Politics
• Why Do Alliances Persist?
• Hegemonic Leadership
• Preserving Credibility
• Domestic Politics and Élite Manipulation
• The Impact of Institutionalisation
• Ideological Solidarity, Shared Identities and ‘security Communities’
• Notes
• Multilateralism
• The Meanings of Multilateralism
• Notes
• Regimes
• Conditions for Forming a Security Regime
• The Balance of Power
• Notes
• Security Communities
• Security Communities
• Liberal Pluralistic Security Communities
• Notes
• Interventionism
• The Reliance On Air-Power
• The Laws of War
• Notes
• Economic Sanctions
• Defining Economic Sanctions
• Why Economic Sanctions Will Not Become More Important
• Notes
• Private Military Companies
• These Guns for Hire
• The Increasing Inability of Weak Governments to Counter Internal Violence has Created a Ready Market for Private Military Forces
• The Future of Peacekeeping?
• Regulating the Market
• There Is Little to Stop Military Companies From Working for Rebel Movements in the Future
• Give War a Chance
• Want to Know More?
• Discussion Questions
• The Future of Security
• Introduction
• Security in the Twenty-First Century
• Into the Twenty-First Century
• Changes in the Centre
• 1.The Rise of a Multipolar Power Structure in Place of the Cold War’s Bipolar One
• 2. A Much Lower Degree of Ideological Division and Rivalry
• 3.The Global Dominance of a Security Community Among the Leading Capitalist Powers
• 4. The Strengthening of International Society
• Implications for the Periphery
• 1 Political Security
• 2 Military Security
• 3 Economic Security
• 4 Societal Security
• 5 Environmental Security
• Notes
• Instabilty in Europe?
• Predicting the Future: The Balkanization of Europe?
• Europe Without Nuclear Weapons
• The Current Ownership Pattern Continues
• Nuclear Proliferation, Well-Managed or Otherwise
• Notes
• Security Dilemmas in East Asia?
• Why China Would Fear a Stronger Japan
• The Historical Legacy
• Chinese Assessments of Japanese Military Power and Potential
• The China-Japan Security Dilemma and U.S. Policy Challenges
• Chinese Attitudes and the Prospects for Regional Confidence Building
• China’s Views On Multilateral Security Regimes
• Notes
• Structural Realism Redux
• Balancing Power: Not Today but Tomorrow
• The Behavior of Dominant Powers
• Balancing Power in a Unipolar World
• International Structure and National Responses
• Notes
• Security and Global Transformation
• Globalisation
• Global Governance
• Global Moral Science
• Statecraft and Security
• References
• Globalization and Security
• Agency and Scope of Threats
• Non-Physical Security
• Intermestic Security
• Multilateralism
• Bureaucratic Innovation
• Aggregating Capabilities
• Strategies and Operational Considerations
• Notes
• References
• Terrorism
• New Rules for an Old Game
• The Greatest Change Is That Terrorism Is Not Militants’ Only Strategy
• To Use or Not to Use?
• Terrorists Can Order the Poor Man’s Nuclear Bomb From a Catalog
• Future Shock
• Note
• The War on Terrorism
• Battle of Wits
• Weak Foundations
• Cultural Underpinnings
• Discussion Questions
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Part 1 What is Security?
• Redefining Security Studies
• Feminist Perspectives
• Post-Colonialism and Third World/North-South Perspectives
• Human Security
• Environmental Security/Green Politics
• Copenhagen School/Securitisation
• Part 2 Security Paradigms
• Realism
• Liberalism and Neoliberalism
• International Society/English School
• Constructivism
• Part 3 Security Dimensions and Issues
• Nuclear Proliferation
• New Warfare
• Environmental Scarcity, Degradation, Migration and Population Displacement
• Transnational Crime
• Aids, Global Pandemics, and Security
• Part 4 Security Frameworks and Actors
• Security Communities and International Regimes
• Security Dilemmas, Alliance Politics, and the Balance of Power
• Humanitarian Intervention
• Economic Statecraft
• Privatisation of Military Industry
• Part 5 The Future of Security
• International Security in the Post-Cold War Era: Trends and Developments
• Globalisation and Security
• Global Terrorism
• The Future of Security Studies
• Index