Efnisyfirlit

• ISLE Activities
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Authors
• Chapter 1 What Is Perception?
• Introduction
• Introduction to Sensation and Perception
• The Basics of Perception
• Action
• The Nature of Experience and Phenomenology
• The History of Sensation and Perception
• The Beginnings
• Helmholtz Versus Hering
• Weber, Fechner, and the Birth of Psychophysics
• The 20th Century and the Study of Perception: Cognitive Psychology Approaches
• Gestalt Psychology
• Direct Perception (The Gibsonian Approach)
• Information-Processing Approach
• Computational Approach
• Neuroscience in Sensation and Perception
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Ponder Further
• Key Terms
• Chapter 2 Research Methodology
• Introduction
• Psychophysics: The Method of Limits
• The Method of Constant Stimuli and the Method of Adjustment
• Magnitude Estimation
• Catch Trials and Their Use
• Signal Detection Theory
• Neuroimaging Techniques
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Ponder Further
• Key Terms
• Chapter 3 Visual System: The Eye
• Introduction
• Light
• The Eye and Its Role in the Visual System
• Field of View
• Anatomy of the Eye
• The Cornea
• The Lens
• Development: The Emerging and Aging Eye
• The Retina
• Anatomy of the Retina
• The Receptors: Rods and Cones
• Retinal Physiology
• Transduction of Light
• Classes of Receptors
• The Duplex Theory of Vision
• Spectral Sensitivity and the Purkinje Shift
• Spatial Summation and Acuity
• Dark and Light Adaptation
• Development: Infant Acuity
• Retinal Ganglion Cells and Receptive Fields
• Refractive Errors and Diseases of the Eye
• Myopia (Nearsightedness)
• Hyperopia (Farsightedness) and Presbyopia (Old-Sightedness)
• Astigmatism
• Cataracts
• Macular Degeneration
• Retinitis Pigmentosa
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Ponder Further
• Key Terms
• Chapter 4 Visual System: The Brain
• Introduction
• The Optic Nerve, Chiasm, and the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
• The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
• Processing in the LGN
• The Superior Colliculus and the Primary Visual Cortex
• Area V1
• Mapping the Eye on the Brain
• Receptive Fields of V1 Cells
• Simple Cells
• Complex Cells and V1 Responses to Visual Features
• Functional Pathways in the Visual Cortex
• The Organization of V1
• V2 and Beyond
• V2
• The Ventral and Dorsal Pathways in the Brain
• The Ventral Pathway
• The Dorsal Pathway
• Where Does Vision Come Together?
• Development of the Visual System
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Ponder Further
• Key Terms
• Chapter 5 Object Perception
• Introduction
• Introduction to Object Perception
• Top-Down Processing and Bottom-Up Processing
• Recognition and Representation
• Perceptual Organization
• Gestalt Psychology and Perceptual Organization
• Figure–Ground Organization
• A Few Rules That Govern What We See as Figure and What We See as Ground
• Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Grouping
• Perceptual Interpolation
• Recognition by Components
• The Neuroanatomy and Physiology of Object Perception
• Representation of Shapes in Area V4
• Object Recognition in the Inferotemporal Area
• The Fusiform Face Area and Face Recognition
• Prosopagnosia
• Other Inferotemporal Cortex Areas With Specific Object Recognition Functions
• Grandmother Cells and Specific Coding in the Inferotemporal Cortex
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Ponder Further
• Key Terms
• Chapter 6 Color Perception
• Introduction
• Wavelengths of Light and Color
• Hue, Saturation, Lightness, and Brightness
• Additive and Subtractive Color Mixing
• Additive Color Mixing (Mixing Lights)
• Subtractive Color Mixing (Mixing Paints)
• Color-Matching Experiments
• The Retina and Color
• Univariance, or Why More Than One Receptor Is Necessary to See in Color
• The Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision
• The Opponent-Process Theory of Color Perception
• Findings That Support Opponent-Process Theory
• Hue Cancellation
• Opponent Cells in the LGN and V1
• The Development of Color Perception
• Color Perception in Infancy
• Aging and Color Perception
• Variations in Color Vision
• Genetics of Color Vision
• Trichromatic Variations
• Dichromacy
• Protanopia
• Deuteranopia
• Tritanopia
• Rod Monochromacy
• Cone Monochromacy
• Cortical Achromatopsia
• Constancy: Lightness and Color Constancy
• Color Constancy
• Lightness Constancy
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Ponder Further
• Key Terms
• Chapter 7 Depth and Size Perception
• Introduction
• Monocular Depth Cues
• Occlusion (or Interposition)
• Relative Height
• Relative Size
• Familiar Size
• Linear Perspective
• Texture Gradients
• Atmospheric Perspective
• Shadows and Shading
• Motion Cues
• Motion Parallax
• Deletion and Accretion
• Optic Flow
• Oculomotor Cues
• Accommodation
• Vergence (or Convergence)
• Binocular Cues to Depth
• Binocular Disparity
• Corresponding and Noncorresponding Points
• The Correspondence Problem
• Stereograms
• Random-Dot Stereograms
• Interocular Velocity Differences
• The Anatomy and Physiology of Binocular Perception
• Developmental Issues in Stereopsis
• Size Perception and Constancy
• Size Perception
• Size Constancy
• Visual Illusions of Size and Depth
• The Müller–Lyer Illusion
• The Ponzo Illusion
• The Ames Room Illusion
• The Moon Illusion
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Ponder Further
• Key Terms
• Chapter 8 Movement and Action
• Introduction
• How Do We Perceive Motion?
• Motion Thresholds: How Slow and How Fast?
• Real and Apparent Motion
• Form Perception and Motion Perception: Detecting Global Motion
• Correlated Motion
• Biological Motion
• Action
• Visually Guided Eye Movements
• Visually Guided Grasping
• The Neuroscience of Motion Perception
• Motion Detection in the Retina
• The Complexity of Motion
• Eye Movements
• Saccades
• Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movements
• Corollary Discharge Theory
• MT: The Movement Area of the Brain
• Motion Aftereffects
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Ponder Further
• Key Terms
• Chapter 9 Visual Attention
• Introduction
• Selective Attention
• Spatial Limits of Attention
• Attention and the Direction of Gaze in Space
• Inattentional Blindness
• Stimulus Features That Draw Attention
• Stimulus Salience
• Visual Search
• Feature Integration Theory
• Attention Over Time
• Change Blindness
• Attentional Blink and Rapid Serial Visual Presentation
• The Anatomy and Physiology of Attention
• The Orienting Attention Network
• The Executive Attention Network
• How Attention Affects the Visual Brain
• The Neuropsychology of Attention
• Bálint’s Syndrome
• Developmental Aspects of Visual Attention
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Ponder Further
• Key Terms
• Chapter 10 The Auditory System
• Introduction
• Sound as Stimulus
• The Relation of Physical and Perceptual Attributes of Sound
• Amplitude and Loudness
• Frequency and Pitch
• Waveform and Timbre
• Phase lizard
• Anatomy of the Ear: The Outer Ear and the Middle Ear
• The Outer Ear
• The Middle Ear
• Anatomy of the Ear: The Inner Ear
• The Basilar Membrane of the Cochlea
• The Organ of Corti
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Ponder Further
• Key Terms
• Chapter 11 The Auditory Brain and Sound Localization
• Introduction
• Brain Anatomy and the Pathway of Hearing
• Auditory Nerve Fibers
• Auditory Cortex
• Localizing Sound
• Interaural Time Difference
• Interaural Level Difference
• The Cone of Confusion
• Elevation Perception
• Detecting Distance
• Auditory Scene Analysis
• Temporal Segregation
• Spatial Segregation
• Spectral Segregation
• Auditory Development
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Ponder Further
• Key Terms
• Chapter 12 Speech Perception
• Introduction
• The Human Voice as Stimulus
• Vowels and Consonants
• Speech
• Variability in the Acoustics of Phonemes
• Coarticulation
• Categorical Perception
• The Effect of Vision on Speech Perception and the McGurk Effect
• Top-Down Processing and Speech Perception
• The Phonemic Restoration Effect
• Theories of Speech Perception
• The Development of Phoneme Perception
• Speech Perception and the Brain
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Ponder Further
• Key Terms
• Chapter 13 Music Perception
• Introduction
• The Acoustics of Music
• Pitch, Chroma, and the Octave
• The Octave
• Consonance and Dissonance
• Dynamics and Rhythm
• Timbre
• Melody
• Scales and Keys and Their Relation to Melody
• Gestalt Principles of Melody
• The Neuroscience of Music
• The Neuroanatomy of Music
• Synesthesia
• The Neuropsychology of Music
• Learning, Culture, and Music Perception
• Music and Language
• Culture and Music Perception
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Ponder Further
• Key Terms
• Chapter 14 Touch and Pain
• Introduction
• The Skin and Its Receptors
• Mechanoreception
• SAI Mechanoreceptors
• SAII Mechanoreceptors
• FAI Mechanoreceptors
• FAII Mechanoreceptors
• Proprioception: Perceiving Limb Position
• Thermoreception
• Nociception and the Perception of Pain
• Neural Pathways
• Somatosensory Cortex
• Suborganization of the Somatosensory Cortex
• Pathways for Pain
• The Neurochemistry of Pain: Endogenous Opioids and the Perception of Itch
• Haptic Perception
• Reading Braille
• Tactile Agnosia
• The Development of Haptic Perception
• The Vestibular System: The Perception of Balance
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Ponder Further
• Key Terms
• Chapter 15 Olfaction and Taste
• Introduction
• Olfaction
• The Nose
• Genes and Olfaction
• The Trigeminal Nerve
• The Pathway to the Brain
• Representation Within the Piriform Cortex
• The Orbitofrontal Cortex
• Olfactory Perception
• Detection
• Identifying Odors
• Odor Imagery
• Olfactory Illusions
• Taste Perception
• Anatomy of the Tongue and Taste Coding
• Taste and Flavor
• Individual Differences in Taste Perception
• The Wonderful World of Chili Peppers
• Development of Taste Perception
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Ponder Further
• Key Terms
• Glossary
• References
• Author Index
• Subject Index