Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Title page
• Copyright page
• Preface to third edition
• Preface to second edition
• Preface to first edition
• About the companion website
• 1: The whys and wherefores of statistics
• 1.1 Learning objectives
• 1.2 Aims of the book
• 1.3 What is statistics?
• 1.4 Statistics in veterinary and animal science
• 1.5 Evidence-based veterinary medicine
• 1.6 Types of variable
• 1.7 Variations in measurements
• 1.8 Terms relating to measurement quality
• 1.9 Populations and samples
• 1.10 Types of statistical procedures
• 1.11 Conclusion
• 2: Descriptive statistics
• 2.1 Learning objectives
• 2.2 Summarizing data
• 2.3 Empirical frequency distributions
• 2.4 Tables
• 2.5 Diagrams
• 2.6 Numerical measures
• 2.7 Reference interval
• 3: Probability and probability distributions
• 3.1 Learning objectives
• 3.2 Probability
• 3.3 Probability distributions
• 3.4 Discrete probability distributions
• 3.5 Continuous probability distributions
• 3.6 Relationships between distributions
• 4: Sampling and sampling distributions
• 4.1 Learning objectives
• 4.2 Distinction between the sample and the population
• 4.3 Statistical inference
• 4.4 Sampling distribution of the mean
• 4.5 Confidence interval for a mean
• 4.6 Sampling distribution of the proportion
• 4.7 Confidence interval for a proportion
• 4.8 Bootstrapping and jackknifing
• 5: Experimental design and clinical trials
• 5.1 Learning objectives
• 5.2 Types of study
• 5.3 Introducing clinical trials
• 5.4 Importance of design in the clinical trial
• 5.5 Control group
• 5.6 Assignment of animals to the treatment groups
• 5.7 Avoidance of bias in the assessment procedure
• 5.8 Increasing the precision of the estimates
• 5.9 Further considerations
• 6: An introduction to hypothesis testing
• 6.1 Learning objectives
• 6.2 Introduction
• 6.3 Basic concepts of hypothesis testing
• 6.4 Type I and Type II errors
• 6.5 Distinction between statistical and biological significance
• 6.6 Confidence interval approach to hypothesis testing
• 6.7 Collecting our thoughts on confidence intervals
• 6.8 Equivalence and non-inferiority studies
• 7: Hypothesis tests 1 – the t-test: comparing one or two means
• 7.1 Learning objectives
• 7.2 Requirements for hypothesis tests for comparing means
• 7.3 One-sample t-test
• 7.4 Two-sample t-test
• 7.5 Paired t-test
• 8: Hypothesis tests 2 – the F-test: comparing two variances or more than two means
• 8.1 Learning objectives
• 8.2 Introduction
• 8.3 The F-test for the equality of two variances
• 8.4 Levene’s test for the equality of two or more variances
• 8.5 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the equality of means
• 8.6 One-way analysis of variance
• 9: Hypothesis tests 3 – the Chi-squared test: comparing proportions
• 9.1 Learning objectives
• 9.2 Introduction
• 9.3 Testing a hypothesis about a single proportion
• 9.4 Comparing two proportions: independent groups
• 9.5 Testing associations in an r × c contingency table
• 9.6 Comparing two proportions: paired observations
• 9.7 Chi-squared goodness-of-fit test
• 10: Linear correlation and regression
• 10.1 Learning objectives
• 10.2 Introducing linear correlation and regression
• 10.3 Linear correlation
• 10.4 Simple (univariable) linear regression
• 10.5 Regression to the mean
• 11: Further regression analyses
• 11.1 Learning objectives
• 11.2 Introduction
• 11.3 Multiple (multivariable) linear regression
• 11.4 Multiple logistic regression: a binary response variable
• 11.5 Poisson regression
• 11.6 Regression methods for clustered data
• 12: Non-parametric statistical methods
• 12.1 Learning objectives
• 12.2 Parametric and non-parametric tests
• 12.3 Sign test
• 12.4 Wilcoxon signed rank test
• 12.5 Wilcoxon rank sum test
• 12.6 Non-parametric analyses of variance
• 12.7 Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
• 13: Further aspects of design and analysis
• 13.1 Learning objectives
• 13.2 Transformations
• 13.3 Sample size
• 13.4 Sequential and interim analysis
• 13.5 Meta-analysis
• 13.6 Methods of sampling
• 14: Additional techniques
• 14.1 Learning objectives
• 14.2 Diagnostic tests
• 14.3 Bayesian analysis
• 14.4 Measuring agreement
• 14.5 Measurements at successive points in time
• 14.6 Survival analysis
• 14.7 Multivariate analysis
• 15: Some specialized issues and procedures
• 15.1 Learning objectives
• 15.2 Introduction
• 15.3 Ethical and legal issues
• 15.4 Spatial statistics and geospatial information systems
• 15.5 Veterinary surveillance
• 15.6 Molecular and quantitative genetics
• 16: Evidence-based veterinary medicine
• 16.1 Learning objectives
• 16.2 Introduction
• 16.3 What is evidence-based veterinary medicine?
• 16.4 Why has evidence-based veterinary medicine developed?
• 16.5 What is involved in practising evidence-based veterinary medicine?
• 16.6 Integrating evidence-based veterinary medicine into clinical practice
• 16.7 Example
• 17: Reporting guidelines
• 17.1 Learning objectives
• 17.2 Introduction to reporting guidelines (EQUATOR network)
• 17.3 REFLECT statement (livestock and food safety RCTs)
• 17.4 ARRIVE guidelines (research using laboratory animals)
• 17.5 STROBE statement (observational studies)
• 17.6 STARD statement (diagnostic accuracy)
• 17.7 PRISMA statement (systematic reviews and meta-analysis)
• 18: Critical appraisal of reported studies
• 18.1 Learning objectives
• 18.2 Introduction
• 18.3 A template for critical appraisal of published research involving animals
• 18.4 Paper 1
• 18.5 Critical appraisal of paper 1
• 18.6 Paper 2
• 18.7 Critical appraisal of paper 2
• 18.8 General conclusion
• Solutions to exercises
• Appendix A: Statistical tables
• Acknowledgements
• The Standard Normal distribution (two-tailed P-values from values of z, the SND)
• The Standard Normal distribution (values of z, the SND, from P-values)
• The t-distribution
• The Chi-squared (χ2) distribution
• The F-distribution
• Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r)
• Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rs)
• The sign test
• The Wilcoxon signed rank test
• The Wilcoxon rank sum test
• The table of random numbers
• Appendix B: Tables of confidence intervals
• Appendix C: Glossary of notation
• Mathematical symbols and transformations
• Common notation
• Abbreviations
• Appendix D: Glossary of terms
• Appendix E: Flowcharts for selection of appropriate tests
• References
• Supplemental Images
• Index