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• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• List of Key Symbols
• Chapter 1. Measurement, Statistics, and Research
• What Is Measurement?
• Process of Measurement
• Variables and Constants
• Research Design and Statistical Analysis
• Statistical Inference
• Summary
• Chapter 2. Organizing and Displaying Data
• Organizing Data
• Displaying Data
• Summary
• Chapter 3. Percentiles
• Common Percentile Divisions
• Calculations Using Percentiles
• Summary
• Chapter 4. Measures of Central Tendency
• Mode
• Median
• Mean
• Relationships Among the Mode, Median, and Mean
• Logarithmic Transformations and the Geometric Mean
• Summary
• Chapter 5. Measures of Variability
• Range
• Interquartile Range
• Variance
• Standard Deviation
• Definition Method of Hand Calculations
• Calculating Standard Deviation for a Sample
• Coefficient of Variation
• Standard Deviation and Normal Distribution
• Graphical Depiction of the Standard Deviation
• Summary
• Chapter 6. The Normal Curve
• Z Scores
• Standard Scores
• Probability and Odds
• Calculating Skewness and Kurtosis
• Summary
• Chapter 7. Fundamentals of Statistical Inference
• Predicting Population Parameters Using Statistical Inference
• Estimating Sampling Error
• Frequentist Versus Bayesian Inference
• Levels of Confidence, Confidence Intervals, and Probability of Error
• An Example Using Statistical Inference
• Statistical Hypothesis Testing
• Type I and Type II Error
• Degrees of Freedom
• Living With Uncertainty
• Two- and One-Tailed Tests
• Applying Confidence Intervals
• Summary
• Chapter 8. Correlation and Bivariate Regression
• Correlation
• Calculating the Correlation Coefficient
• Bivariate Regression
• Homoscedasticity
• Summary
• Chapter 9. Multiple Correlation and Multiple Regression
• Multiple Correlation
• Partial Correlation
• Multiple Regression
• Summary
• Chapter 10. The t Test: Comparing Means From Two Sets of Data
• The t Tests
• Types of t Tests
• Magnitude of the Difference (Size of Effect)
• Determining Power and Sample Size
• The t Test for Proportions
• Summary
• Chapter 11. Simple Analysis of Variance: Comparing the Means Among Three or More Sets of Data
• Assumptions in ANOVA
• Sources of Variance
• Calculating F: The Definition Method
• Determining the Significance of F
• Post Hoc Tests
• Magnitude of the Treatment (Size of Effect)
• Summary
• Chapter 12. Analysis of Variance With Repeated Measures
• Assumptions in Repeated Measures ANOVA
• Calculating Repeated Measures ANOVA
• Correcting for Violations of the Assumption of Sphericity
• Post Hoc Tests
• Confidence Intervals and Effect Sizes
• Interpreting the Results
• Summary
• Chapter 13. Quantifying Reliability
• Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
• Standard Error of Measurement
• Summary
• Chapter 14. Factorial Analysis of Variance
• A Between–Between Example
• A Between–Within Example
• A Within–Within Example
• Summary
• Chapter 15. Analysis of Covariance
• Relationship Between ANOVA and Regression
• ANCOVA and Statistical Power
• Assumptions in ANCOVA
• The Pretest–Posttest Control Group Design
• Pairwise Comparisons
• Summary
• Chapter 16. Analysis of Nonparametric Data
• Chi-Square (Single Classification)
• Chi-Square (Two or More Classifications)
• Rank Order Correlation
• Mann-Whitney U Test
• Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA for Ranked Data
• Friedman’s Two-Way ANOVA by Ranks
• Summary
• Chapter 17. Clinical Measures of Association
• Relative Risk
• Odds Ratio
• Diagnostic Testing
• Summary
• Chapter 18. Advanced Statistical Procedures
• Multilevel Modeling
• Meta-Analysis
• Multiple Analysis of Variance
• Factor Analysis
• Discriminant Analysis
• Summary
• Appendix: Statistical Tables
• Glossary
• References
• Index
• About the Authors