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• Cover Page
• Half Title page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Contents
• Figures
• List of Contributors
• Foreword by Professor Cary L. Cooper, CBE
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Introduction
• Suicide Strategies and interventions for reduction and prevention: an introduction
• How is the book organized?
• Part I Suicide: statistics, research, theory and interventions
• Part II Personal experience of suicide
• Part III Three therapeutic approaches to prevent suicide
• Part IV Group interventions
• Part V Appendices
• A short caveat
• References
• Part I Suicide Statistics, research, theory and interventions
• 1 Suicide Definitions, statistics and interventions at the international level
• Definitions of suicide, parasuicide and deliberate self-harm
• International suicide statistics
• China
• Cultural and religious factors
• Suicide bombers or martyrs
• World Health Organization strategy for the prevention of suicides: SUPRE
• SUPRE objectives
• Strategy
• Management
• Will SUPRE work?
• Conclusion
• References
• 2 Suicide statistics for the UK and the National Suicide Prevention Strategy
• Comparative suicide statistics for the United Kingdom from 1950 to 2004
• Suicide statistics for England, Wales and Scotland
• England and Wales
• Scotland
• Other Scottish suicide data from 2000 to 2004
• Action in the United Kingdom to prevent suicide
• Possible interventions
• Earlier initiatives in Scotland
• Scotland Choose Life strategy and action plan
• Choose Life objectives
• Priority groups
• Local action plans
• Choose Life case study: Argyll and Bute
• Other issues related to suicide
• No-harm contracts in therapy
• Health and caring professionals’ concerns
• UK legal cases
• Conclusion
• Note
• References
• 3 Suicide in rural areas
• Rural areas
• Rural deprivation
• Rural restructuring
• Agriculture, leisure and the countryside
• Work
• Migration and counterurbanization
• Changes to public services
• Young people in the countryside
• Rural areas: summary
• Mental health in rural areas in the UK
• Rural suicide in the UK
• Rural suicide rates
• Use of firearms
• Rural occupations
• Gun safety
• Conclusion
• References
• 4 Cognitive style and suicidal behaviour
• Suicide and impairments to cognitive style
• Future thinking and suicidal behaviour
• Escape, entrapment and the cry of pain
• Family cognitive styles?
• Implications for therapy and counselling
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• 5 Understanding suicidal ideation and assessing for risk
• The wider picture
• Common myths surrounding suicide
• Understanding suicidal ideation
• Assessing for risk of suicide
• Methods used for suicide
• Exploring suicidal ideation: the warning signs
• Assessment forms and questionnaires
• Conclusion
• References
• Part II Personal experience of suicide
• 6 It’s a funny thing about suicide
• First: on self-disclosure
• A bit of personal background
• Depressive despair and suicidal relief
• I felt sick
• My brain felt sick
• My mood was barely malleable
• I was in pain
• Coping by dreaming of suicide
• Thinking about dying can make living beautiful
• The aftermath
• So what’s my point?
• Going out on a few conceptual limbs
• Postscript
• Acknowledgements
• Notes
• References
• 7 A friend’s view of suicide
• The day of Daniel’s death: 2 June 2004
• How I felt
• The aftermath
• 8 Client suicide and its effect on the therapist
• Personal experience
• Upon reflection
• The reactions of therapists to a client’s suicide
• The effect on trainees
• Implications for the future
• Conclusion
• References
• Part III Three therapeutic approaches to prevent suicide
• 9 Cognitive behavioural and rational emotive management of suicide
• What causes a wish to self-harm?
• Two key motivations
• Two types of disturbance
• Three directions of negative thinking
• A unified CBT model of suicidality
• Managing risk: overview and principles
• Identify the presence of possible general risk factors
• Assess current risk
• How do you find out about suicidal thinking?
• Clients who have already self-harmed
• Develop and implement a plan to reduce the risk level or protect the person if necessary
• Planning
• Intervention
• Take into account the client’s motivation
• Help the client problem-solve
• Continue assessing the risk
• Arrange support or monitoring as necessary
• Build a bridge to the next session
• Begin dealing with the client’s underlying problems when the client is ready
• An additional note: when the risk remains high
• Inpatient treatment
• Special issues
• Working with clients from other cultures: developing cultural competence
• Repetitive self-harm
• Gaining the energy to commit suicide
• Fear of encouraging suicide
• Specific psychotherapeutic strategies and techniques
• Helping the client to recognize the downward cognitive suicidal chain or spiral
• Changing the cost–benefit ratio: benefits calculation
• Suicidal beliefs and counterarguments for older clients
• Questioning the advantages of suicide
• Identifying reasons for living
• Identifying unfinished business
• Generating alternatives
• Increasing the client’s ability to cope
• Imagery
• Behaviour rehearsal
• Activity scheduling
• Coping plans
• The coping grid
• Encouraging problem-solving
• Increasing problem-solving confidence
• Identifying and changing dysfunctional thinking
• ABC diary (also known as the Daily Thought Record)
• Disputation or examination of beliefs
• Time projection imagery
• Reframing
• Catastrophe scale
• Dealing with self-image issues
• Double-standard dispute
• Big I, Little i
• Complex as an amoeba
• When life really is bad
• Crisis counselling
• The therapist
• Conclusion
• References
• 10 A psychodynamic approach to suicide
• Theoretical understandings
• Case examples
• Theory and practice revisited: ethics and psychodynamic practice
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• 11 A solution-focused approach
• Suicidal behaviour: a serious problem
• Solution-focused therapy: a strengths-based approach
• Suicide risk and solution-focused therapy
• Using the ideas in practice
• Listening for strengths
• Finding exceptions
• Exploring how clients cope
• Moving from problems to goals
• Goals for the therapy
• When the client sees suicide as the goal?
• Using scaling questions
• Assessing safety using scaling questions
• Conclusion
• References
• Part IV Group interventions
• 12 Support groups
• The distinctive nature of suicide bereavement
• Talking and support groups in assisting bereavement
• Data and method
• Rights and responsibilities of other people
• Talking in support groups
• Emotions and bereavement support in sociological framework
• Conclusions for suicide bereavement practices
• References
• 13 A group intervention for adolescents and young adults with recurrent suicide attempts
• Specific characteristics with adolescents
• Psychosocial group intervention: background
• Rationale of our group therapy with adolescents
• Intervention content: a multimodal approach
• Group structure
• Modules and content
• Protective ability and personal safety
• Personal boundaries and interpersonal relationships
• Education: understanding their mental state
• Affect regulation
• Problem-solving and strategies to de-escalate
• Case example
• Ninth week
• Twentieth week
• Outcome and feedback
• Results
• Conclusion
• References
• Postscript
• Reference
• Part V Appendices
• Appendix 1 Personal Self-Harm Management Plan
• Appendix 2 Assessment checklists
• Appendix 3 Useful organizations and websites
• Appendix 4 Useful books on suicidology from 2000 onwards
• Appendix 5 WHO ICD-10 codes
• Index