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• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Editors
• Preface
• Figure Credits
• Contents
• Pre- and Post-Book Test: Top 100 Clinical Microvignettes for the Shelf Exam
• SECTION I. Overview
• 1. Introduction
• OPERATING ROOM FAQS
• SURGERY SIGNS, TRIADS, ETC., YOU SHOULD KNOW
• 2. Surgical Syndromes
• 3. Surgical Most Commons
• 4. Surgical Percentages
• 5. Surgical Instruments
• RETRACTORS (YOU WILL GET TO KNOW THEM WELL!)
• 6. Sutures and Stitches
• SUTURE MATERIALS
• General Information
• Classification
• Sutures
• WOUND CLOSURE
• General Information
• Suture Techniques
• 7. Surgical Knot Tying
• KNOTS AND EARS
• INSTRUMENT TIE
• TWO-HAND TIE
• 8. Procedures for the Surgical Ward and Clinic
• COMMON PROCEDURES
• NASOGASTRIC TUBE (NGT) PROCEDURES
• 9. Incisions
• 10. Surgical Positions
• 11. Surgical Speak
• 12. Preoperative 101
• 13. Surgical Operations You Should Know
• 14. Wounds
• 15. Drains and Tubes
• CHEST TUBES
• NASOGASTRIC TUBES (NGTs)
• FOLEY CATHETER
• CENTRAL LINES
• 16. Surgical Anatomy Pearls
• SECTION II. BACKGROUND SURGICAL INFORMATION
• 17. Fluids and Electrolytes
• THIRD SPACING
• COMMON IV REPLACEMENT FLUIDS (ALL VALUES ARE PER LITER)
• CALCULATION OF MAINTENANCE FLUIDS
• ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES
• Hyperkalemia
• Hypokalemia
• Hypernatremia
• Hyponatremia
• “Pseudohyponatremia”
• Hypercalcemia
• Hypocalcemia
• Hypermagnesemia
• Hypomagnesemia
• Hyperglycemia
• Hypoglycemia
• Hypophosphatemia
• Hyperphosphatemia
• Miscellaneous
• 18. Blood and Blood Products
• 19. Surgical Hemostasis
• 20. Common Surgical Medications
• ANTIBIOTICS
• STEROIDS
• HEPARIN
• WARFARIN (COUMADIN®)
• MISCELLANEOUS AGENTS
• NARCOTICS
• MISCELLANEOUS
• 21. Complications
• ATELECTASIS
• POSTOPERATIVE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
• PULMONARY EMBOLISM
• ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA
• GASTROINTESTINAL COMPLICATIONS
• Gastric Dilatation
• Postoperative Pancreatitis
• Constipation
• Short Bowel Syndrome
• Blind Loop Syndrome
• Postvagotomy Diarrhea
• Dumping Syndrome
• ENDOCRINE COMPLICATIONS
• Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
• Addisonian Crisis
• SIADH
• Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
• CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
• Myocardial Infarction (MI)
• Postoperative CVA
• MISCELLANEOUS
• Postoperative Renal Failure
• DIC
• Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
• Urinary Retention
• Pseudomembranous Colitis
• 22. Common Causes of Ward Emergencies
• 23. Surgical Respiratory Care
• 24. Surgical Nutrition
• 25. Shock
• HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK
• SEPTIC SHOCK
• CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
• NEUROGENIC SHOCK
• MISCELLANEOUS
• 26. Surgical Infection
• URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI)
• CENTRAL LINE INFECTIONS
• WOUND INFECTION (SURGICAL SITE INFECTION)
• Classification of Operative Wounds
• Peritoneal Abscess
• NECROTIZING FASCIITIS
• CLOSTRIDIAL MYOSITIS
• HIDRADENITIS SUPPURATIVA
• PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS
• PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTICS
• PAROTITIS
• MISCELLANEOUS
• 27. Fever
• 28. Surgical Prophylaxis
• 29. Surgical Radiology
• CHEST
• ABDOMEN
• 30. Anesthesia
• MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA (MH)
• MISCELLANEOUS
• 31. Surgical Ulcers
• 32. Surgical Oncology
• SECTION III. GENERAL SURGERY
• 33. GI Hormones and Physiology
• CHOLECYSTOKININ (CCK)
• SECRETIN
• GASTRIN
• SOMATOSTATIN
• MISCELLANEOUS
• 34. Acute Abdomen and Referred Pain
• 35. Hernias
• GROIN HERNIAS
• Direct Inguinal Hernia
• Indirect Inguinal Hernia
• Inguinal Hernia Repairs
• Classic Intraoperative Inguinal Hernia Questions
• Femoral Hernia
• ESOPHAGEAL HIATAL HERNIAS
• Sliding Esophageal Hiatal Hernia
• Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia
• 36. Laparoscopy
• 37. Trauma
• PRIMARY SURVEY
• Airway
• Breathing
• Circulation
• Disability
• Exposure and Environment
• SECONDARY SURVEY
• TRAUMA STUDIES
• PENETRATING NECK INJURIES
• MISCELLANEOUS TRAUMA FACTS
• 38. Burns
• 39. Upper GI Bleeding
• PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE (PUD)
• DUODENAL ULCERS
• GASTRIC ULCERS
• PERFORATED PEPTIC ULCER
• TYPES OF SURGERIES
• STRESS GASTRITIS
• MALLORY–WEISS SYNDROME
• ESOPHAGEAL VARICEAL BLEEDING
• BOERHAAVE SYNDROME
• 40. Stomach
• GASTRIC PHYSIOLOGY
• GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD)
• GASTRIC CANCER
• GIST
• MALTOMA
• GASTRIC VOLVULUS
• 41. Bariatric Surgery
• 42. Ostomies
• 43. Small Intestine
• SMALL BOWEL
• Anatomy
• Small Bowel Obstruction
• Small Bowel Tumors
• Meckel Diverticulum
• 44. Appendix
• APPENDICITIS
• CLASSIC INTRAOPERATIVE QUESTIONS
• APPENDICEAL TUMORS
• 45. Carcinoid Tumors
• 46. Fistulas
• SPECIFIC TYPES OF FISTULAS
• Enterocutaneous
• Colonic Fistulas
• External Pancreatic Fistula
• 47. Colon and Rectum
• ANATOMY
• COLORECTAL CARCINOMA
• COLONIC AND RECTAL POLYPS
• POLYPOSIS SYNDROMES
• Familial Polyposis
• Gardner Syndrome
• Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome
• DIVERTICULAR DISEASE OF THE COLON
• Diverticulosis
• Diverticulitis
• Colonic Volvulus
• Sigmoid Volvulus
• Cecal Volvulus
• 48. Anus
• ANATOMY
• ANAL CANCER
• Fistula-in-Ano
• Perirectal Abscess
• Anal Fissure
• Perianal Warts
• Hemorrhoids
• 49. Lower GI Bleeding
• 50. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Crohn Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
• COMPARISON OF CROHN DISEASE AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS
• Incidence
• Initial Symptoms
• Anatomic Distribution
• Route of Spread
• Bowel Wall Involvement
• Anal Involvement
• Rectal Involvement
• Mucosal Findings
• Diagnostic Tests
• Complications
• Cancer Risk
• Incidence of Toxic Megacolon
• Indications for Surgery
• Medical Treatment of IBD
• 51. Liver
• ANATOMY
• TUMORS OF THE LIVER
• Hepatocellular Adenoma
• Focal Nodular Hyperplasia (FNH)
• Hepatic Hemangioma
• Hepatocellular Carcinoma
• ABSCESSES OF THE LIVER
• Bacterial Liver Abscess
• Amebic Liver Abscess
• Hydatid Liver Cyst
• HEMOBILIA
• 52. Portal Hypertension
• 53. Biliary Tract
• ANATOMY
• PHYSIOLOGY
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
• BILIARY SURGERY
• OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE
• CHOLELITHIASIS
• ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS
• ACUTE ACALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS
• CHOLANGITIS
• SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
• GALLSTONE ILEUS
• CARCINOMA OF THE GALLBLADDER
• CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA
• MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS
• 54. Pancreas
• PANCREATITIS
• Acute Pancreatitis
• Chronic Pancreatitis
• Gallstone Pancreatitis
• Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis
• PANCREATIC ABSCESS
• PANCREATIC NECROSIS
• PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST
• PANCREATIC CARCINOMA
• MISCELLANEOUS
• 55. Breast
• ANATOMY OF THE BREAST AND AXILLA
• BREAST CANCER
• DCIS
• LCIS
• MISCELLANEOUS
• MALE BREAST CANCER
• BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
• CYSTOSARCOMA PHYLLODES
• FIBROADENOMA
• FIBROCYSTIC DISEASE
• MASTITIS
• BREAST ABSCESS
• MALE GYNECOMASTIA
• 56. Endocrine
• ADRENAL GLAND
• Anatomy
• Normal Adrenal Physiology
• Cushing Syndrome
• Adrenal Incidentaloma
• Pheochromocytoma
• Conn Syndrome
• ADDISON DISEASE
• INSULINOMA
• GLUCAGONOMA
• SOMATOSTATINOMA
• ZOLLINGER–ELLISON SYNDROME (Z-E SYNDROME)
• MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA
• MEN TYPE I
• MEN Type IIa
• MEN Type IIb
• 57. Thyroid Gland
• THYROID DISEASE
• Anatomy
• Physiology
• Thyroid Nodule
• Malignant Thyroid Nodules
• Thyroid Carcinoma
• Papillary Adenocarcinoma
• Follicular Adenocarcinoma
• Hürthle Cell Thyroid Cancer
• Medullary Carcinoma
• Anaplastic Carcinoma
• Miscellaneous
• Benign Thyroid Disease
• Toxic Multinodular Goiter
• Thyroiditis
• 58. Parathyroid
• ANATOMY
• PHYSIOLOGY
• HYPERPARATHYROIDISM (HPTH)
• PARATHYROID CARCINOMA
• Postoperative Complications of Parathyroidectomy
• 59. Spleen and Splenectomy
• 60. Surgically Correctable HTN
• 61. Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Lymphomas
• SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS
• GI Lymphoma
• 62. Skin Lesions
• SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
• BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
• MISCELLANEOUS SKIN LESIONS
• 63. Melanoma
• 64. Surgical Intensive Care
• INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) BASICS
• INTENSIVE CARE UNIT FORMULAS AND TERMS YOU SHOULD KNOW
• LAB VALUES ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
• SICU DRUGS
• Dopamine
• Dobutamine
• Isoproterenol
• Epinephrine (EPI)
• Norepinephrine (NE)
• Vasopressin
• Phenylephrine
• Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP)
• INTENSIVE CARE PHYSIOLOGY
• HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING
• MECHANICAL VENTILATION
• 65. Vascular Surgery
• PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
• LOWER EXTREMITY AMPUTATIONS
• ACUTE ARTERIAL OCCLUSION
• ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS
• MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA
• Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia
• Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
• MEDIAN ARCUATE LIGAMENT SYNDROME
• CAROTID VASCULAR DISEASE
• Anatomy
• CLASSIC CEA INTRAOPERATIVE QUESTIONS
• SUBCLAVIAN STEAL SYNDROME
• RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS
• SPLENIC ARTERY ANEURYSM
• POPLITEAL ARTERY ANEURYSM
• SECTION IV. SUBSPECIALTY SURGERY
• 66. Pediatric Surgery
• PEDIATRIC IV FLUIDS AND NUTRITION
• PEDIATRIC BLOOD VOLUMES
• FETAL CIRCULATION
• ECMO
• NECK
• Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
• Branchial Cleft Anomalies
• Stridor
• Cystic Hygroma
• ASPIRATED FOREIGN BODY (FB)
• CHEST
• Pectus Deformity
• Pectus Excavatum
• Pectus Carinatum
• Esophageal Atresia without Tracheoesophageal (TE) Fistula
• Esophageal Atresia with Tracheoesophageal (TE) Fistula
• Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
• PULMONARY SEQUESTRATION
• INGUINAL HERNIA
• Classic Intraoperative Questions During Repair of an Indirect Inguinal Hernia
• UMBILICAL HERNIA
• GERD
• CONGENITAL PYLORIC STENOSIS
• DUODENAL ATRESIA
• MECONIUM ILEUS
• MECONIUM PERITONITIS
• MECONIUM PLUG SYNDROME
• ANORECTAL MALFORMATIONS
• Imperforate Anus
• HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE
• MALROTATION AND MIDGUT VOLVULUS
• OMPHALOCELE
• GASTROSCHISIS
• APPENDICITIS
• INTUSSUSCEPTION
• MECKEL DIVERTICULUM
• NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS
• BILIARY TRACT
• Biliary Atresia
• Choledochal Cyst
• Cholelithiasis
• Annular Pancreas
• TUMORS
• Wilms Tumor
• Neuroblastoma
• Rhabdomyosarcoma
• Hepatoblastoma
• PEDIATRIC TRAUMA
• 67. Plastic Surgery
• WOUND HEALING
• Wound Contraction
• SKIN GRAFTS
• FLAPS
• 68. Hand Surgery
• SENSORY SUPPLY TO THE HAND
• CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
• 69. Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery
• Ear
• Otitis Externa (Swimmer’s Ear)
• Malignant Otitis Externa
• Tumors of the External Ear
• Tympanic Membrane Perforation
• Cholesteatoma
• Bullous Myringitis
• Acute Suppurative Otitis Media (OM)
• Otosclerosis
• MISCELLANEOUS
• Facial Nerve Paralysis
• Bell Palsy
• Ménière Disease
• Glomus Tumors
• NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES
• Epistaxis
• Acute Viral Rhinosinusitis (AVRS)
• Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis (ABRS)
• Chronic Sinusitis
• Cancer of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
• Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
• ORAL CAVITY AND PHARYNX
• Pharyngotonsillitis
• Peritonsillar Abscess
• Ludwig Angina
• Cancer of the Oral Cavity
• Salivary Gland Tumors
• Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
• Epiglottitis
• Malignant Lesions of the Larynx
• Supraglottic Lesions
• Glottic Lesions
• Neck Mass
• Radical Neck Dissection
• Modified Neck Dissection
• Selective Neck Dissection
• FACIAL FRACTURES
• Mandible Fractures
• Midface Fractures
• 70. Thoracic Surgery
• THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME (TOS)
• CHEST WALL TUMORS
• DISEASES OF THE PLEURA
• Pleural Effusion
• Spontaneous Pneumothorax
• DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
• Lung Cancer
• Solitary Pulmonary Nodules (Coin Lesions)
• Carcinoid Tumor
• Pulmonary Sequestration
• Lung Abscess
• Hemoptysis
• DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
• Primary Mediastinal Tumors
• Lymphoma
• Mediastinitis
• Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
• DISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS
• Anatomic Considerations
• Zenker Diverticulum
• Achalasia
• Diffuse Esophageal Spasm
• Nutcracker Esophagus
• ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX
• Caustic Esophageal Strictures
• Esophageal Carcinoma
• 71. Cardiovascular Surgery
• ACQUIRED HEART DISEASE
• Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
• CABG
• Postpericardiotomy Syndrome
• Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB)
• Aortic Stenosis (AS)
• Aortic Insufficiency (AI)
• Mitral Stenosis (MS)
• Mitral Regurgitation (MR)
• Artificial Valve Placement
• Infectious Endocarditis
• CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
• Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
• Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
• IHSS
• Coarctation of the Aorta
• Transposition of the Great Vessels
• Ebstein Anomaly
• Vascular Rings
• Cyanotic Heart Disease
• CARDIAC TUMORS
• DISEASES OF THE GREAT VESSELS
• Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
• Aortic Dissection
• MISCELLANEOUS
• 72. Transplant Surgery
• BASIC IMMUNOLOGY
• IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
• Corticosteroids
• Azathioprine (AZA [Imuran®])
• Cyclosporine (CSA)
• Atgam/Antithymocyte Globulin
• OKT3
• Tacrolimus
• Sirolimus
• Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF)
• OVERVIEW OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION MECHANISMS
• MATCHING OF DONOR AND RECIPIENT
• REJECTION
• ORGAN PRESERVATION
• KIDNEY TRANSPLANT
• Statistics
• Rejection
• LIVER TRANSPLANT
• Rejection
• Survival Statistics
• PANCREAS TRANSPLANT
• HEART TRANSPLANT
• INTESTINAL TRANSPLANTATION
• LUNG TRANSPLANT
• TRANSPLANT COMPLICATIONS
• Infection
• Malignancy
• 73. Orthopedic Surgery
• ORTHOPEDIC TERMS
• TRAUMA GENERAL PRINCIPLES
• FRACTURES
• ORTHOPEDIC TRAUMA
• Compartment Syndrome
• Miscellaneous Trauma Injuries and Complications
• DISLOCATIONS
• Shoulder
• Elbow
• Hip
• Knee
• THE KNEE
• ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE
• ROTATOR CUFF
• MISCELLANEOUS
• ORTHOPEDIC INFECTIONS
• Osteomyelitis
• Septic Arthritis
• ORTHOPEDIC TUMORS
• Osteosarcoma
• Ewing Sarcoma
• ARTHRITIS
• PEDIATRIC ORTHOPEDICS
• Salter–Harris Classification
• Congenital Hip Dislocation
• Scoliosis
• MISCELLANEOUS
• 74. Neurosurgery
• HEAD TRAUMA
• GCS Scoring System
• Epidural Hematoma
• Subdural Hematoma
• Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
• Cerebral Contusion
• Skull Fracture
• SPINAL CORD TRAUMA
• TUMORS
• General
• Gliomas
• Meningiomas
• Cerebellar Astrocytomas
• Medulloblastoma
• Pituitary Tumors
• VASCULAR NEUROSURGERY
• Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
• SPINE
• Lumbar Disc Herniation
• Cervical Disc Disease
• Spinal Epidural Abscess
• PEDIATRIC NEUROSURGERY
• Hydrocephalus
• Spinal Dysraphism/Neural Tube Defects
• Craniosynostosis
• Miscellaneous
• 75. Urology
• UROLOGIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
• RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (RCC)
• BLADDER CANCER
• PROSTATE CANCER
• BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
• TESTICULAR CANCER
• TESTICULAR TORSION
• EPIDIDYMITIS
• PRIAPISM
• ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
• CALCULUS DISEASE
• INCONTINENCE
• URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI)
• MISCELLANEOUS UROLOGY QUESTIONS
• Three-Dimensional Surgical Vignette Chess for the Shelf Examination
• Index