Efnisyfirlit

• List of contributors
• Foreword
• Preface
• About the companion website
• Chapter 1 Introduction to endodontology
• Endodontology
• The objective of endodontic treatment
• Clinical problems and solutions
• The diagnostic dilemma
• The outcome dilemma
• The tools of treatment
• References
• Part 1 The Vital Pulp
• Chapter 2 The dentin–pulp complex: structure, functions, threats, and response to external injury
• Introduction
• The odontoblast and the dentin–pulp complex
• The dental pulp
• Immune responses in the dentin–pulp complex
• Responses of the healthy dentin–pulp complex to nondestructive stimuli
• The dentin–pulp complex and responses to external injuries
• Summary
• References
• Chapter 3 Dentinal and pulpal pain
• Introduction
• Classification of nerve fibers
• Morphology of intradental sensory innervation
• Function of intradental sensory nerves
• Sensitivity of dentin: hydrodynamic mechanism in pulpal A-fiber activation
• Responses of intradental nerves to tissue injury and inflammation
• Local control of pulpal nociceptor activation
• Dentin hypersensitivity
• Pain symptoms and pulpal diagnosis
• References
• Chapter 4 Clinical pulp diagnosis and decision-making
• Introduction
• Evaluation of diagnostic information
• Diagnostic accuracy
• Diagnostic strategy
• Clinical manifestations of pulpal and periapical inflammation
• Collecting diagnostic information
• Diagnostic methodology: assessment of pulp vitality
• Diagnostic methodology: evaluation of reported pain
• Diagnostic methodology: provocation/inhibition of pain
• Diagnostic methodology: evaluation of tooth discolorations
• Diagnostic classification
• References
• Chapter 5 Caries pathology and management in deep stages of lesion formation
• Enamel lesions without clinical cavitation
• Progressive stages of enamel–dentin lesions without surface cavitation and exposure of dentin to the oral environment
• Cavitation of the dentin lesion
• Concluding remarks on the natural history of dental caries
• Strategies for the management of deep caries
• Detailed treatment protocol for deep caries management
• References
• Chapter 6 Treatment of vital pulp conditions
• Introduction
• Indications and treatment concepts for preserving vital pulp functions
• Protocols for treatments aiming to preserve the vitality of the exposed pulp
• Factors of importance in preserving vital pulp functions
• Capping materials and healing patterns
• Tissue–biomaterial interaction and pulp healing
• Pulp-preserving treatments – a controversial treatment?
• Indications and treatment concepts for treating the irreversibly inflamed vital pulp (pulpectomy)
• Postoperative considerations
• Choosing between pulp-preserving vital pulp therapies and pulpectomy
• Concluding remarks on the avoidance of pulpectomy by vital pulp therapies
• Revitalization and/or regenerative endodontic procedures
• References
• Part 2 The Infected Necrotic Pulp and Apical Periodontitis
• Chapter 7 Apical periodontitis
• Introduction
• The nature of apical periodontitis
• Interactions with the infecting microbiota
• Treatment and healing of periapical lesions
• Persistence of periapical lesions
• Clinical manifestations and diagnostic terminology
• References
• Chapter 8 Microbiology of the inflamed and necrotic pulp
• Introduction
• Historical background
• Clinical evidence
• Infections in root-filled teeth with persistent apical periodontitis
• Microbial pathogenesis of apical periodontitis
• Association of signs and symptoms with specific bacteria
• Biological evidence
• Extraradicular biofilms
• Ecological determinants for microbial growth in root canals
• Microbial interactions in biofilms
• Microbial resistance to antimicrobials
• Antibiofilm strategies
• Concluding remarks
• References
• Chapter 9 Clinical diagnosis of pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis
• Introduction
• Clinical features of pulp necrosis and root canal infections
• Radiographic features of apical periodontitis
• A strategy for the formulation of a periapical diagnosis
• Diagnostic challenges during treatment
• Special cases of endodontic infections
• An integrated approach to endodontic diagnosis
• References
• Part 3 Endodontic Treatment Procedures
• Chapter 10 Endodontic emergencies
• Introduction
• General diagnostic considerations and emergency principles
• The etiology and pathogenesis behind emergency scenarios
• Non-endodontic tooth pain – conditions of differential diagnostic interest
• Management of patients with acute dental pain
• References
• Chapter 11 Controlling the environment – the aseptic working field
• Background
• Preparing teeth for rubber dam isolation and the development of an aseptic working field
• Rubber dam isolation
• Application of the rubber dam
• Disinfection of the working field
• Aseptic working procedures
• References
• Chapter 12 Access and canal negotiation: the first key procedural steps for successful endodontic treatment
• Introduction
• Principles of tooth development and tooth anatomy
• Individual analysis of the tooth, preoperative radiographs, and additional CBCT scans in complex cases
• Rubber dam isolation
• Access cavity preparation
• Canal negotiation
• References
• Chapter 13 Root canal instrumentation
• Introduction
• Principles of root canal instrumentation
• Root canal system anatomy
• Anatomical variations in teeth
• Procedural steps
• Endodontic instruments
• Instrumentation techniques
• Limitations of root canal instrumentation
• Preventing procedural mishaps
• References
• Chapter 14 Irrigation and disinfection
• Introduction
• Eradication of microorganisms from the root canal system
• Microbial reduction by instrumentation
• Root canal irrigation
• The apical root canal – a special challenge for irrigation
• Activation of irrigant flow
• Use of lasers in irrigation
• Wide-spectrum sound energy for cleaning the root canal system
• Intracanal medicaments
• Concluding remarks
• References
• Chapter 15 Root canal filling
• Chapter 15.1 Root canal filling materials
• Introduction
• Requirements
• Evaluation of specific materials
• References
• Chapter 15.2 Root canal filling techniques
• Introduction
• Clinical objectives and in vitro investigations
• The root canal filling–dentin interface
• Root canal filling techniques
• Concluding remarks
• References
• Part 4 The Endodontically Treated Tooth
• Chapter 16 The root canal-treated tooth in prosthodontic reconstruction
• Introduction
• Fracture predilection of root-treated teeth
• Occlusal loading
• Root canal-treated teeth as abutments
• Distribution of remaining tooth structure and restorability
• Principles of restoration of root-treated teeth
• Timing of restoration after endodontic treatment
• Approach to restoration of anterior teeth
• Characteristics of posts
• Preparation of the post space
• Approach to restoration of posterior teeth
• Core materials
• Modes of restoration failure in root canal-treated teeth
• Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 17 Clinical epidemiology: measuring endodontic disease and treatment outcome
• Introduction
• Defining a “successful” outcome
• Study designs commonly used in endodontic research
• Treatment outcome and risk factors
• Concluding remarks
• References
• Chapter 18 Endodontic retreatment – the decision-making process
• Introduction
• Why might the initial treatment be unsuccessful?
• When may further intervention be considered?
• Decision-making – the dentist’s perspective
• Decision-making – the patient’s perspective
• References
• Chapter 19 Nonsurgical retreatment
• Introduction
• Indications
• Instrumentation of the root canal
• Summary
• References
• Chapter 20 Surgical endodontics
• Introduction
• General outline of the procedure
• Local anesthesia
• Flap design, incision, and raising the flap – general considerations
• Access to the root tip
• Root-end resection
• Curettage of the soft-tissue lesion
• Management of bleeding
• Root-end preparation
• Root-end filling
• Repositioning and suturing of the flap
• Postoperative measures
• Follow-up after surgery
• References
• Part 5 Additional Considerations
• Chapter 21 Local anesthetic considerations
• Introduction
• Fundamentals of local anesthetic action
• Common local anesthetic agents in endodontics
• Standard methods of local anesthesia for endodontics
• Failure to secure anesthesia
• Why may teeth be difficult to anesthetize?
• Measures to preempt or overcome challenging local anesthesia
• Supplementary injections
• Sedation
• Complications of local anesthesia
• References
• Chapter 22 Complex orofacial pain conditions
• Introduction
• Overview of pain mechanisms
• Diagnostic process
• Complex orofacial pain conditions
• Painful posttraumatic trigeminal neuropathy
• Persistent idiopathic facial pain
• Atypical odontalgia/persistent dentoalveolar pain
• Trigeminal neuralgia
• Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias
• Migraine/neurovascular orofacial pain
• Temporomandibular disorder pain – referred pain
• Summary
• References
• Chapter 23 Endodontic complications after trauma
• Introduction
• Common dental injuries
• Dental trauma and its consequences
• Consequences of pulp breakdown and infection after trauma
• General considerations in the management of dental trauma
• Diagnostic quandaries: to remove or review the pulp after trauma?
• References
• Chapter 24 Medicolegal considerations
• Introduction
• Ethical considerations – the concepts of beneficence and nonmaleficence
• Defining best practice
• Endodontic procedures as complex interventions with scope for imperfection, oversight and error
• Examples of errors and accidents
• Do errors always lead to legal action?
• Professional indemnity/malpractice insurance
• Managing risks
• Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 25 Emergencies in need of urgent referral
• Introduction
• Neurological injuries resulting from endodontic procedures and materials
• Neurological injuries resulting from periapical inflammation
• Chemical tissue trauma
• Severe odontogenic infections that may compromise systemic health
• Suspicion of locally aggressive or neoplastic lesions
• Severe or persistent pain
• Inhalation or aspiration of dental instruments or materials
• Allergic responses that may compromise systemic health
• Reporting adverse events
• Summary
• References
• Chapter 26 The transition to independent practice
• Introduction
• The challenge of transition
• Learning: explanations and strategies
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgment
• References
• Index
• End User License Agreement