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• Strengthens Students’ Connection to Geography through Active, Discovery-Based Learning
• World States
• Active, Discovery-Based Learning
• A Focus on Sustainability
• A Redined Learning Path
• Visualizing Earth’s People & Places
• Continuous Learning Before, During, and After Class with Pearson Mastering Geography
• Pearson Mastering Geography
• www.MasteringGeography.com
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• Preface
• Digital & Print Resources
• About the Author
• About Our Sustainability Initiatives
• 1. This Is Geography
• Key Issue 1: Why Is Geography a Science?
• Introducing Geography
• Cartography: The Science of Mapmaking
• Contemporary Geographic Tools
• Doing Geography: Data Collection & Mental Mapping
• What’s Your Geography?
• Interpreting Maps
• The Geographic Grid
• Key Issue 2: Why Is Each Point on Earth Unique?
• Place: A Unique Location
• Region: A Unique Area
• Culture Regions
• Key Issue 3: Why Are Different Places Similar?
• Scale: Global and Local
• Space: Distribution of Features
• Space: Cultural Identity
• Space: Inequality
• Connections: Diffusion
• Connections: Spatial Interaction
• Debate It! GPS location services: On or off?
• Key Issue 4: Why Are Some Actions Not Sustainable?
• Geography, Sustainability, and Resources
• Sustainability and Earth’s Physical Systems
• Geography, Sustainability, and Ecology
• Sustainable Environmental Change
• Sustainability & Our Environment: The Everglades
• Summary & Review
• Key Terms
• 2. Population and Health
• Key Issue 1: Where Are the World’s People Distributed?
• Introducing Population and Health
• Population Concentrations
• Population Density
• Key Issue 2: Why Is World Population Increasing?
• Natural Increase
• Births and Deaths
• Doing Geography: The Future Population of the World
• What’s Your Population Geography?
• The Demographic Transition
• Key Issue 3: Why Do Some Places Face Health Challenges?
• Health and Gender
• Health and Aging
• Medical Services
• The Epidemiologic Transition
• Key Issue 4: Why Might Population Increase in the Future?
• Population and Resources
• Debate It! Can Earth’s resources support our growing population?
• Population Futures
• Sustainability & Our Environment: Japan’s Population Decline
• Epidemiologic Futures
• Family Futures
• Summary & Review
• Key Terms
• 3. Migration
• Key Issue 1: Where Are the World’s Migrants Distributed?
• Introducing Migration
• International Net Migration
• International and Internal Migration
• Changing U.S. Immigration
• Key Issue 2: Where Do People Migrate Within a Country?
• Interregional Migration in the United States
• Interregional Migration in Other Large Countries
• Intraregional Migration
• Key Issue 3: Why Do People Migrate?
• Cultural Reasons for Migrating
• Environmental Reasons for Migrating
• Migrating to Find Work
• Gender and Age of Migrants
• Key Issue 4: Why Do Migrants Face Challenges?
• Government Immigration Policies
• U.S. Quota Laws
• Doing Geography: Claiming Ellis Island
• What’s Your Migration Geography?
• U.S.–Mexico Border Issues
• Sustainability & Our Environment: The Immigration View from Mexico
• Debate It! Immigration reform: Tougher controls or legal status?
• Europe’s Immigration Crisis
• Summary & Review
• Key Terms
• 4. Folk and Popular Culture
• Key Issue 1: Where Are Folk and Popular Leisure Activities Distributed?
• Introducing Folk and Popular Culture
• Origin, Diffusion, and Distribution of Folk and Popular Culture
• Geographic Differences Between Folk and Popular Culture
• Doing Geography: Time Use Surveys
• What’s Your Leisure Activity?
• Origin and Diffusion of Folk and Popular Music
• Origin and Diffusion of Folk and Popular Sports
• Key Issue 2: Where Are Folk and Popular Material Culture Distributed?
• Elements of Material Culture
• Folk and Popular Clothing
• Debate It! Should Europe accept face covers for women?
• Folk Food Customs
• Popular Food Preferences
• Folk and Popular Housing
• Key Issue 3: Why Is Access to Folk and Popular Culture Unequal?
• Diffusion of TV and Internet
• Diffusion of Social Media
• Challenges in Accessing Electronic Media
• Key Issue 4: Why Do Folk and Popular Culture Face Sustainability Challenges?
• Sustainability Challenges for Folk Culture
• Sustainability Challenges for Popular Culture
• Sustainability & Our Environment: Golf Courses
• Summary & Review
• Key Terms
• 5. Languages
• Key Issue 1: Where Are the World’s Languages Distributed?
• Introducing Languages
• Language Families
• Two Largest Language Families
• Other Large Language Families
• Key Issue 2: Where Did English and Related Languages Originate and Diffuse?
• Distribution of Indo-European Branches
• Origin and Diffusion of Indo-European
• Origin and Diffusion of English
• Global Importance of English
• Official Languages
• Debate It! Should English be the official language of the United States?
• Key Issue 3: Why Do Individual Languages Vary Among Places?
• English Dialects
• U.S. Dialects
• Dialect or Language?
• Sustainability & Our Environment: Gender Differences in Language
• Multilingual Places
• Key Issue 4: Why Do Local Languages Survive?
• Endangered Languages
• Preserving Languages
• Isolated and Extinct Languages
• New and Growing Languages
• Doing Geography: Finding a New Language
• What’s Your Language Geography?
• Summary & Review
• Key Terms
• 6. Religions
• Key Issue 1: Where Are the World’s Religions Distributed?
• Introducing Religions
• Global Distribution of Religions
• Distribution of Christians
• Distribution of Muslims and Buddhists
• Distribution of Ethnic Religions
• Distribution of Other Religions
• Key Issue 2: Why Do Religions Have Distinctive Distributions?
• Origin of Christianity and Islam in Southwest Asia
• Origin of Buddhism and Hinduism in South Asia
• Historical Diffusion of Religions
• Recent Migration of Christians
• Migration of Muslims and Jews
• Key Issue 3: Why Do Religions Organize Space in Distinctive Patterns?
• Places of Worship
• Religious Settlements and Toponyms
• Doing Geography: Distribution of Religions
• What’s Your Geography of Religions?
• Administration of Space
• Sacred Space in Universalizing Religions
• The Landscape in Ethnic Religions
• Religious Calendars
• Key Issue 4: Why Do Territorial Conflicts Arise Among Religious Groups?
• Challenges for Religions in South and East Asia
• Sustainability & Our Environment: Communist China and the Dalai Lama
• Challenges for Religions in Central and Southwest Asia
• Geographic Perspectives in the Middle East
• Jerusalem’s Challenging Geography
• Debate It! How do perspectives on the separation barrier differ?
• Summary & Review
• Key Terms
• 7. Ethnicities
• Key Issue 1: Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
• Introducing Ethnicities
• Ethnicity and Race
• Doing Geography: Ethnicity and Race and the Census
• What’s Your Ethnic Geography?
• Distribution of U.S. Ethnicities
• Ethnic Enclaves
• Ethnically Complex Brazil
• Key Issue 2: Why Do Ethnicities Have Distinctive Distributions?
• International Migration of Ethnicities
• Internal Migration of African Americans
• Segregation by Race
• Key Issue 3: Why Might Ethnicities Face Conflicts?
• Ethnicities and Nationalities
• Dividing Ethnicities
• Ethnic Diversity in Asia
• Key Issue 4: Why Do Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide Occur?
• Forced Migration in Europe
• Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia & Herzegovina
• Ethnic Cleansing Elsewhere in the Balkans
• Sustainability & Our Environment: Geographic Evidence of Ethnic Cleansing
• Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide in Africa
• Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide in Central Africa
• Debate It! Should the United States intervene in ethnic conflicts?
• Summary & Review
• Key Terms
• 8. Political Geography
• Key Issue 1: Where Are States Distributed?
• Introducing Political Geography
• Challenges in Defining States
• Key Issue 2: Why Are Nation-States Difficult to Create?
• Development of States
• Nation-states and Multinational States
• Sustainability & Our Environment: Rising Oceans and the Future of Nauru
• Russia: The Largest Multiethnic State
• Nation-States in the Former Soviet Union
• Colonies
• Key Issue 3: Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?
• Cultural Boundaries
• Geometric Boundaries
• Physical Boundaries
• Shapes of States
• Governing States
• Electoral Geography
• Debate It! Should independent commissions decide boundaries?
• Geography of Gerrymandering
• Doing Geography: Dueling Gerrymandering in Nevada
• What’s Your Political Geography?
• Key Issue 4: Where Do States Face Threats?
• Global Cooperation and Competition
• Competition and Cooperation in Europe
• Terrorist Attacks Against the United States
• Terrorist Organizations
• State Support for Terrorism
• Summary & Review
• Key Terms
• 9. Food and Agriculture
• Key Issue 1: Where Did Agriculture Originate?
• Introducing Food and Agriculture
• Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture
• Key Issue 2: Why Do People Consume Different Foods?
• Diet and Nutrition
• Source of Nutrients
• Key Issue 3: Where Is Agriculture Distributed?
• Agricultural Regions and Climate
• Subsistence Agriculture in Dry Regions
• Subsistence Agriculture in Tropical Regions
• Subsistence Agriculture in Population Concentrations
• Fishing
• Sustainability & Our Environment: Asian Carp and Chicago’s Economy
• Commercial Agriculture: Crop-based
• Commercial Agriculture: Mixed Crop and Livestock
• Commercial Agriculture: Animal-based
• Key Issue 4: Why Do Farmers Face Sustainability Challenges?
• Losing Agricultural Land
• Improving Agricultural Productivity
• Conserving Agricultural Resources
• Doing Geography: California Agriculture and Water
• What’s Your Food and Agriculture Geography?
• Applying Biotechnology to Agriculture
• Debate It! Should GMOs be labeled?
• Global Food Trade
• Global Agriculture and Undernourishment
• Sustainable Agriculture
• Summary & Review
• Key Terms
• 10. Development
• Key Issue 1: Why Does Development Vary Among Countries?
• Introducing Development
• A Decent Standard of Living
• Access to Knowledge
• Health and Wealth
• Key Issue 2: Where Are Inequalities in Development Found?
• Unequal and Uneven Development
• Gender Inequality
• Gender Empowerment and Employment
• Reproductive Health
• HDI and Gender Inequality
• Doing Geography: Comparing HDI and GII
• What’s Your Development Geography?
• Key Issue 3: Why Do Countries Face Challenges to Development?
• Two Paths to Development
• World Trade
• Debate I! Should countries adopt the international trade approach?
• Financing Development
• Development Challenges During Hard Times
• Key Issue 4: Why Are Countries Making Progress in Development?
• Fair Trade Standards
• Measuring Progress
• Sustainability & Our Environment: Sustainable Development Goals
• Summary & Review
• Key Terms
• 11. Industry and Energy
• Key Issue 1: Where Is Industry Distributed?
• Introducing Industry and Energy
• Industrial Regions
• Key Issue 2: Why Are Situation and Site Factors Important?
• Situation Factors: Proximity to Inputs
• Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets
• Changing Situation Factors: Steel
• Truck, Train, Ship, or Plane?
• Site Factors in Industry
• Changing Site Factors: Clothing
• Key Issue 3: Why Do Industries Face Resource Challenges?
• Energy Supply
• Demand for Energy
• Fossil Fuel Reserves
• Petroleum Futures
• Nuclear Energy
• Energy Alternatives
• Solar Energy
• Air Pollution
• Water Pollution
• Solid Waste Pollution
• Key Issue 4: Why Are Industries Changing Locations?
• Emerging Industrial Regions
• Industrial Change in Developed Countries
• Skilled or Unskilled Labor
• Debate It! Should the U.S. government buy domestic- or foreign-made clothes?
• Doing Geography: National Origin of Clothing
• What’s Your Industrial Geography?
• Recycling and Remanufacturing
• Sustainability & Our Environment: Remanufacturing
• Summary & Review
• Key Terms
• 12. Services and Settlements
• Key Issue 1: Where Are Services Distributed?
• Introducing Services and Settlements
• Key Issue 2: Where Are Consumer Services Distributed?
• Central Place Theory
• Hierarchy of Consumer Service
• Market Area Analysis
• Debate It! Is Walmart good or bad for a settlement?
• Doing Geography: Locating Supermarkets and Food Deserts
• What’s Your Retail Geography?
• Periodic Markets
• Sustainability & Our Environment: What Types of Services Are Airbnb and Uber?
• Key Issue 3: Where Are Business Services Distributed?
• Hierarchy of Business Services
• Business Services in Developing Countries
• Economic Specialization of Settlements
• Key Issue 4: Why Do Services Cluster in Settlements?
• Services in Rural Settlements
• Services in Early Urban Settlements
• Percent Urban
• Size of Urban Settlements
• Summary & Review
• Key Terms
• 13. Urban Patterns
• Key Issue 1: Why Are Downtowns Distinctive?
• Introducing Urban Patterns
• The Central Business District
• Competition for Space in CBDs
• Key Issue 2: Where Are People Distributed in Urban Areas?
• Models of Urban Structure
• Applying the Models in North America
• Applying the Models in Europe
• Pre-modern Cities in Developing Countries
• Applying the Models in Developing Countries
• Changing Urban Structure of Mexico City
• Key Issue 3: Why Do Urban Areas Expand?
• Origin and Growth of Suburbs
• Suburban Sprawl
• Suburban Segregation
• Legacy of Public Transport
• Reliance on Motor Vehicles
• Key Issue 4: Why Do Cities Face Sustainability Challenges?
• The City Challenged
• The City Renewed
• The City Contrasted
• Doing Geography: Market Segmentation: You Are Where You Live
• What’s Your Urban Geography?
• Debate It! Can a declining city be stronger by shrinking?
• The City Cleaned
• Sustainability & Our Environment: Regional Variations in Electricity
• The City Controlled
• Summary & Review
• Key Terms
• Afterword
• Appendix: Map Scale and Projections
• Glossary
• Text, Photo, and Illustration Credits
• Map Index
• Subject Index
• Back Cover