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• Coverpage
• Half title page
• Title page
• Copyright page
• Dedication
• Contents
• List of figures
• List of tables
• List of boxes
• List of contributors
• Preface
• A reader’s guide
• List of abbreviations
• 1 General introduction: the EU within the context of regional integration worldwide
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 What is economic integration?
• 1.3 Economic integration and WTO rules
• 1.4 Economic integration worldwide
• 1.5 The possible gains from economic integration
• 1.6 Conclusion
• Part I EU history, institutions and legal dimension
• 2 A history of European integration and the evolution of the EU
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 A short history of European unity
• 2.3 The evolution of the EU
• 2.4 Conclusion
• 3 EU institutions
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Important actors
• 3.3 The Commission
• 3.4 The Council of the European Union
• 3.5 The European Parliament
• 3.6 The courts
• 3.7 The Ombudsman
• 3.8 The European Economic and Social Committee
• 3.9 The Committee of the Regions
• 3.10 The European Central Bank
• 3.11 The European Investment Bank
• 3.12 Conclusion
• 4 The legal dimension in EU integration
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Background
• 4.3 The rule of law and the EU
• 4.4 The European Court of Justice
• 4.5 The framing function of EU law
• 4.6 Rule-making
• 4.7 Implementation and enforcement
• 4.8 Interpretation and dispute resolution
• 4.9 Conclusion: the nature of EU law
• 5 The EU economy: bare essentials
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Area and population concerns
• 5.3 GNI, per capita GNI and growth of GDP
• 5.4 Demand
• 5.5 Price indices and real interest and exchange rates
• 5.6 Direction of trade
• 5.7 Tariff barriers
• Part II EU market integration: theory and practice
• 6 The theory of economic integration
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 The customs union aspects
• 6.3 Customs unions versus free trade areas
• 6.4 Economic unions
• 6.5 Macroeconomics of integration
• 6.6 Economic integration in developing countries
• 6.7 Economic integration among communist countries
• 6.8 New theoretical developments
• 6.9 Conclusion
• 7 The economics of the single market
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Why ‘the single market’?
• 7.3 The economics of non-tariff barriers
• 7.4 An evolving programme
• 7.5 Assessment of the single market
• 7.6 Conclusion
• 8 Factor mobility
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 The mobility of capital and labour in the EU
• 8.3 Capital movements
• 8.4 On the determinants of direct investment
• 8.5 Capital movements in Europe
• 8.6 Labour movements
• 8.7 Labour flows in the EU
• 8.8 Agglomeration considerations
• 8.9 Conclusion
• 9 Measuring the economic impact of European integration
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 It is a tough real world
• 9.3 How/what to measure?
• 9.4 The effects on trade
• 9.5 The dynamic effects
• 9.6 The pioneering studies
• 9.7 A taste of the latest estimates
• 9.8 Estimating the income effects
• 9.9 Economic growth effects
• 9.10 Conclusion
• Part III EU monetary integration
• 10 The theory of monetary integration
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Disentangling the concepts
• 10.3 What is monetary integration?
• 10.4 The gains and losses
• 10.5 A ‘popular’ cost approach
• 10.6 Fiscal policy in monetary unions
• 10.7 Conclusion
• 11 The development of EU economic and monetary integration
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 The Werner Report
• 11.3 The European Monetary System
• 11.4 The Delors Report and the Maastricht Treaty
• 11.5 The transition to EMU
• 11.6 The decision over membership of EMU
• 11.7 Conclusion
• 12 The operation of EMU
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 The Eurosystem and the euro
• 12.3 The coordination of fiscal and other macroeconomic policies
• 12.4 Completing EMU
• 12.5 Conclusion: enlargement
• Part IV The single European market: policy integration
• 13 Competition policy
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 The rationale for EU competition policy
• 13.3 The role of economics
• 13.4 General overview of the legal framework
• 13.5 The substantive norms
• 13.6 Enforcement
• 13.7 The public turn
• 13.8 Rationalization
• 13.9 Modernization
• 13.10 Conclusion
• 14 Industrial and competitiveness policy: the Lisbon Strategy
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 ICP instruments
• 14.3 ICP: theory and evidence
• 14.4 The control of state aid
• 14.5 Research and development policy
• 14.6 EU economic reform and competitiveness
• 14.7 Conclusion
• 15 Tax harmonization
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 Why is tax harmonization necessary?
• 15.3 The principles of tax harmonization
• 15.4 Value added tax
• 15.5 Excise duties
• 15.6 Corporation tax
• 15.7 Conclusion
• 16 Transport policy
• 16.1 Introduction
• 16.2 The European transport system
• 16.3 The initial development of a CTP
• 16.4 The Single European Market effect
• 16.5 The 2004 and 2007 enlargements
• 16.6 Conclusion
• 17 Energy policy and energy markets
• 17.1 Introduction
• 17.2 The golden years (mostly)
• 17.3 Oil shocks and afterwards
• 17.4 Demand and supply: the status quo
• 17.5 Current energy policy agenda: sustainability, security, competitiveness
• 17.6 Conclusion
• 18 Environmental policy
• 18.1 Introduction
• 18.2 The nature of EU environmental policy
• 18.3 The rationale for intervention
• 18.4 Standards and thresholds
• 18.5 The legislative approach
• 18.6 The Single European Market and environmental controls
• 18.7 The polluter pays principle
• 18.8 Market-based instruments
• 18.9 The EU’s developing environmental perspective
• 18.10 Global warming strategy
• 18.11 The carbon tax
• 18.12 The EU’s Emissions Trading System
• 18.13 Conclusion
• Part V EU budget and structural policies
• 19 The general budget
• 19.1 Introduction
• 19.2 The economic theory of the state
• 19.3 Fiscal federalism
• 19.4 The EU and fiscal federalism
• 19.5 Budget rules and procedure
• 19.6 EU budget revenue
• 19.7 EU budget expenditure
• 19.8 Operating budgetary balances
• 19.9 The EU budget and enlargement
• 19.10 Conclusion
• 20 The Common Agricultural Policy
• 20.1 Introduction
• 20.2 General background
• 20.3 The problems of agriculture
• 20.4 The birth of CAP and the institutional setting
• 20.5 The market organizations of CAP
• 20.6 Rural development policy
• 20.7 The future of CAP
• 20.8 Conclusion
• 21 The Common Fisheries Policy
• 21.1 Introduction
• 21.2 Understanding the fisheries industry
• 21.3 Policy objectives
• 21.4 Policy process
• 21.5 Reform of the CFP?
• 21.6 Conclusion
• 22 Regional policy
• 22.1 Introduction
• 22.2 The case for an EU regional policy
• 22.3 The effects of integration on EU regional disparities
• 22.4 Current and future EU regional policy
• 22.5 Some key issues for the future
• 22.6 Conclusion: regional policy after 2013
• 23 Social policies: the employment dimension
• 23.1 Introduction
• 23.2 The development of social and employment policy
• 23.3 The development of the European Employment Strategy
• 23.4 Employment performance: economic theory and evidence
• 23.5 The European Employment Strategy
• 23.6 The EES and EU employment performance
• 23.7 Conclusion
• Part VI EU external relations
• 24 External trade policy
• 24.1 Introduction
• 24.2 EU trade patterns
• 24.3 EU trade decision-making procedures
• 24.4 Instruments of the external trade policy
• 24.5 EU trade relations
• 24.6 Conclusion
• 25 The EU and the developing world
• 25.1 Introduction
• 25.2 Essential background
• 25.3 Trade policy
• 25.4 Development cooperation
• 25.5 Conclusion
• Part VII The future of the EU
• 26 The future of the EU
• 26.1 Introduction
• 26.2 The vision of the founding fathers
• 26.3 The vision of contemporary politicians
• 26.4 Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Author index
• Subject index