Efnisyfirlit

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• PREFACE
• Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
• 1.1 Human Osteology
• 1.2 A Guide to the Manual
• 1.3 Resources for the Osteologist
• 1.4 Identifying Bones
• Chapter 2. FIELD PROCEDURES FOR SKELETAL REMAINS
• 2.1 Search
• 2.2 Discovery
• 2.3 Excavation and Retrieval
• 2.4 Transport
• Chapter 3. ETHICS IN OSTEOLOGY
• 3.1 Ethics in Forensic Osteology
• 3.2 Ethics in Archeological Osteology
• Chapter 4. BONE BIOLOGY & VARIATION
• 4.1 Variation
• 4.2 A Few Facts about Bone
• 4.3 Bones as Elements of the Musculoskeletal System
• 4.4 Gross Anatomy of Bones
• 4.5 Molecular Structure of Bone
• 4.6 Histology and Metabolism of Bone
• 4.7 Bone Growth
• 4.8 Bone Repair
• Chapter 5. POSTMORTEM SKELETAL MODIFICATION
• 5.1 Bone Fracture
• 5.2 Bone Modification by Physical Agents
• 5.3 Bone Modification by Nonhuman Biological Agents
• 5.4 Bone Modification by Humans
• Chapter 6. ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY
• 6.1 Planes of Reference
• 6.2 Directional Terms
• 6.3 Motions of the Body
• 6.4 General Bone Features
• Chapter 7. SKULL
• 7.1 Handling the Skull
• 7.2 Elements of the Skull
• 7.3 Growth and Architecture, Sutures and Sinuses
• 7.4 Skull Orientation
• 7.5 Learning Cranial Skeletal Anatomy
• 7.6 Frontal (Figures 7.9–7.12)
• 7.7 Parietals (Figures 7.137.14)
• 7.8 Temporals (Figures 7.15–7.18)
• 7.9 Auditory Ossicles (Figure 7.19)
• 7.10 Occipital (Figures 7.20)
• 7.11 Maxillae (Figure 7.22)
• 7.12 Palatines (Figures 7.23–7.24)
• 7.13 Vomer (Figure 7.25)
• 7.14 Inferior Nasal Conchae (Figure 7.26)
• 7.15 Ethmoid (Figure 7.27)
• 7.16 Lacrimals (Figure 7.28)
• 7.17 Nasals (Figure 7.29)
• 7.18 Zygomatics (Figure 7.30)
• 7.19 Sphenoid (Figures 7.3–17.34)
• 7.20 Mandible (Figures 7.35–7.37)
• Chapter 8. DENTITION
• 8.1 Dental Form and Function
• 8.2 Dental Terminology
• 8.3 Anatomy of a Tooth
• 8.4 Tooth Identification
• 8.5 To Which Category (Class) Does the Tooth Belong? (Figures 8.4–8.5)
• 8.6 Is the Tooth Permanent or Deciduous? (Figures 8.4–8.5)
• 8.7 Is the Tooth an Upper or a Lower?
• 8.8 Where in the Arch Is the Tooth Located?
• 8.9 Is the Tooth from the Right or the Left Side?
• Chapter 9. HYOID & VERTEBRAE
• 9.1 Hyoid (Figures 9.1–9.3)
• 9.2 General Characteristics of Vertebrae
• 9.3 Cervical Vertebrae (n = 7) (Figures 9.4 and 9.8)
• 9.4 Thoracic Vertebrae (n = 12) (Figures 9.5 and 9.15)
• 9.5 Lumbar Vertebrae (n = 5) (Figures 9.6, 9.20, and 9.21)
• Chapter 10. THORAX: STERNUM & RIBS
• 10.1 Sternum (Figures 10.1–10.3)
• 10.2 Ribs (Figures 10.4–10.7)
• Chapter 11. SHOULDER GIRDLE: CLAVICLE & SCAPULA
• 11.1 Clavicle (Figures 11.1–11.3)
• 11.2 Scapula (Figures 11.4–11.7)
• Chapter 12. ARM: HUMERUS, RADIUS, & ULNA
• 12.1 Humerus (Figures 12.1–12.6)
• 12.2 Radius (Figures 12.8–12.12)
• 12.3 Ulna (Figures 12.13–12.18)
• Chapter 13. HAND: CARPALS, METACARPALS, & PHALANGES
• 13.1 Carpals (Figures 13.4–13.15)
• 13.2 Metacarpals (Figures 13.16–13.20)
• 13.3 Hand Phalanges (Figures 13.16–13.18)
• Chapter 14. PELVIC GIRDLE: SACRUM, COCCYX, & OS COXAE
• 14.1 Sacrum (Figures 14.1–14.4)
• 14.2 Coccyx (Figures 14.514.6)
• 14.3 Os Coxae (Figures 14.7–14.10)
• Chapter 15. LEG: FEMUR, PATELLA, TIBIA, & FIBULA
• 15.1 Femur (Figures 15.1–15.6)
• 15.2 Patella (Figures 15.8)
• 15.3 Tibia (Figures 15.10–15.15)
• 15.4 Fibula (Figures 15.16–15.21)
• Chapter 16. FOOT: TARSALS, METATARSALS, & PHALANGES
• 16.1 Tarsals
• 16.2 Metatarsals (Figures 16.17–16.21)
• 16.3 Foot Phalanges (Figures 16.17–16.19)
• Chapter 17. OSTEOLOGICAL & DENTAL PATHOLOGY
• 17.1 Trauma
• 17.2 Infectious Diseases and Associated Manifestations
• 17.3 Circulatory Disturbances and Hematopoietic Disorders
• 17.4 Metabolic and Hormonal Imbalance
• 17.5 Tumors
• 17.6 Arthritis
• 17.7 Dental Pathology
• 17.8 Occupation
• Chapter 18. LABORATORY PROCEDURES & REPORTING
• 18.1 Setting
• 18.2 Preservation
• 18.3 Preparation
• 18.4 Restoration
• 18.5 Sorting
• 18.6 Metric Acquisition and Analysis
• 18.7 Molecular Osteology
• 18.8 Molding and Casting
• 18.9 Photography
• 18.10 Radiography
• 18.11 Microscopy
• 18.12 Computing
• 18.13 Reporting
• 18.14 Curation
• Chapter 19. THE SKELETAL BIOLOGY OF INDIVIDUALS & POPULATIONS
• 19.1 Accuracy and Precision of Estimation
• 19.2 From Known to Unknown
• 19.3 Estimation of Age
• 19.4 Determination of Sex
• 19.5 Estimation of Stature
• 19.6 Estimation of Ancestry
• 19.7 Identifying the Individual
• 19.8 Discrete Traits
• 19.9 Estimating Biological Distance
• 19.10 Diet
• 19.11 Disease and Demography
• GLOSSARY
• APPENDIX. Electronic Resources for Human Osteology
• GENERAL
• SOFT TISSUE
• FORENSICS
• CASTING
• RADIOLOGY
• PALEOPATHOLOGY
• PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
• NATIVE AMERICAN GRAVES PROTECTION AND REPATRIATION
• COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
• INSTRUMENTS
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
• INDEX