Efnisyfirlit

• Title Page
• Copyright
• Preface
• Part 1: The Process of Writing
• Chapter 1. Assessing the Writing Situation
• 1.1 How Writing Happens
• 1.2 The Writing Situation
• 1.3 Audience
• 1.4 Purpose
• 1.5 Subject
• 1.6 Genre and Medium
• Chapter 2. Discovering and Shaping Ideas
• 2.1 Invention
• 2.2 Thesis
• 2.3 Organization
• Sample Informative Essay
• Chapter 3. Drafting, Revising, and Editing
• 3.1 First Draft
• Sample First Draft
• 3.2 Revising
• 3.3 Peer Review
• 3.4 Sample Revision
• Sample Revised Draft
• 3.5 Editing
• 3.6 Final Draft
• Sample Final Draft
• Chapter 4. Writing and Revising Paragraphs
• 4.1 Flow
• 4.2 Unity
• 4.3 Coherence
• 4.4 Development
• 4.5 Introductions, Conclusions, and Transitions
• Chapter 5. Presenting Writing
• 5.1 Academic Writing
• 5.2 Visuals and Media
• 5.3 Writing Online
• Sample Literacy Narrative Blog Post
• 5.4 Oral Presentations
• Sample Presentation Slides
• 5.5 Portfolios
• Part 2: Reading and Writingin and out of College
• Chapter 6. Writing in Academic Situations
• 6.1 Purpose and Audience
• 6.2 Genre
• 6.3 Writing with Sources
• 6.4 Academic Language
• 6.5 Communication in Academic Settings
• Chapter 7. Critical Reading and Writing
• 7.1 Critical Thinking
• 7.2 Techniques of Critical Reading
• 7.3 Summarizing
• 7.4 Critical Response
• 7.5 Visual Analysis
• 7.6 Writing a Critical Analysis
• 7.7 Sample Critical Responses
• Sample Critical Analysis of a Text
• Sample Critical Analysis of a Visual
• Chapter 8. Reading Arguments Critically
• 8.1 The Elements of Argument
• 8.2 Claims
• 8.3 Evidence
• 8.4 Reliability
• 8.5 Assumptions
• 8.6 Language and Tone
• 8.7 Fallacies
• 8.8 Visual Arguments
• Chapter 9. Writing an Argument
• 9.1 Subject
• 9.2 Thesis, Purpose, and Audience
• 9.3 Reasoning
• 9.4 Evidence
• 9.5 Engaging Readers
• 9.6 Organizing and Revising
• 9.7 Sample Argument
• Sample Proposal Argument
• Chapter 10. Taking Essay Exams
• 10.1 Preparing
• 10.2 Planning
• 10.3 Writing
• Sample Essay Exam Answer
• Chapter 11. Public Writing
• 11.1 Social Media
• 11.2 Letters and Memos
• Sample Business Letter
• Sample Memo
• 11.3 Job Applications
• Sample Job Application Letter
• Sample Résumés
• 11.4 Reports and Proposals
• Sample Report and Proposal
• 11.5 Community Service
• Sample Social-Media Post
• Part 3: Grammatical Sentences
• Chapter 12. Understanding Sentence Grammar
• 12.1 Sentence Basics
• 12.2 Sentence Patterns
• 12.3 Single-Word Modifiers
• 12.4 Word Groups
• 12.5 Compound Constructions
• 12.6 Inverted Order
• 12.7 Sentence Types
• Chapter 13. Case of Nouns and Pronouns
• 13.1 Subjective, Objective, and Possessive Cases
• 13.2 Compound Subjects and Objects
• 13.3 Common Questions about Case
• Chapter 14. Verbs
• 14.1 Verb Forms
• 14.2 Easily Confused Verb Forms
• 14.3 Verb Endings
• 14.4 Helping Verbs
• 14.5 Verbs with Gerunds and Infinitives
• 14.6 Verbs with Particles
• 14.7 Verb Tenses
• 14.8 Sequence of Tenses
• 14.9 Subjunctive Mood
• 14.10 Active and Passive Voice
• Chapter 15. Agreement
• 15.1 Subject-Verb Agreement
• 15.2 Unusual Word Order
• 15.3 Subjects Joined by Conjunctions
• 15.4 Indefinite and Relative Pronouns
• 15.5 Collective and Plural Nouns
• 15.6 Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
• Chapter 16. Adjectives and Adverbs
• 16.1 Functions of Adjectives and Adverbs
• 16.2 Comparative and Superlative Forms
• 16.3 Double Negatives
• 16.4 Nouns as Modifiers
• 16.5 Determiners
• Part 4: Clear Sentences
• Chapter 17. Sentence Fragments
• 17.1 Identifying Fragments
• 17.2 Correcting Fragments
• 17.3 Common Types of Fragments
• 17.4 Acceptable Fragments
• Chapter 18. Comma Splices and Fused Sentences
• 18.1 Identifying Comma Splices and Fused Sentences
• 18.2 Correcting Comma Splices and Fused Sentences
• Chapter 19. Pronoun Reference
• 19.1 Clear Reference
• 19.2 Close Reference
• 19.3 Specific Reference
• 19.4 Appropriate You, Who, Which, and That
• Chapter 20. Shifts
• 20.1 Types of Shifts
• 20.2 Person and Number
• 20.3 Tense and Mood
• 20.4 Subject and Voice
• 20.5 Direct and Indirect Quotations and Questions
• Chapter 21. Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
• 21.1 Clear Placement
• 21.2 Limiting Modifiers
• 21.3 Squinting Modifiers
• 21.4 Separated Subjects, Verbs, and Objects
• 21.5 Separated Infinitives and Verb Phrases
• 21.6 Position of Adverbs
• 21.7 Order of Adjectives
• 21.8 Dangling Modifiers
• Chapter 22. Mixed and Incomplete Sentences
• 22.1 Mixed Grammar
• 22.2 Mixed Meaning
• 22.3 Incomplete Compounds
• 22.4 Incomplete Comparisons
• 22.5 Careless Omissions
• Part 5: Effective Sentences
• Chapter 23. Emphasizing Ideas
• 23.1 Subjects and Verbs
• 23.2 Subject Beginnings and Endings
• 23.3 Parallel Elements
• 23.4 Repetition and Separation
• 23.5 Conciseness
• Chapter 24. Using Coordination and Subordination
• 24.1 Coordination
• 24.2 Subordination
• 24.3 Connecting Words
• Chapter 25. Using Parallelism
• 25.1 Understanding Parallelism
• 25.2 Equal Elements
• 25.3 Coherence
• Chapter 26. Achieving Variety
• 26.1 Sentence Length and Structure
• 26.2 Sentence Beginnings
• 26.3 Word Order
• Part 6: Punctuation Chart: Commas, Semicolons, Colons, Dashes, and Parentheses
• Chapter 27. End Punctuation
• 27.1 Period
• 27.2 Question Mark
• 27.3 Exclamation Point
• Chapter 28. The Comma
• 28.1 Uses of the Comma
• 28.2 Main Clauses Linked by Conjunctions
• 28.3 Introductory Elements
• 28.4 Nonessential Elements
• 28.5 Series and Coordinate Adjectives
• 28.6 Quotations and Other Conventional Uses
• 28.7 Unnecessary Commas
• Chapter 29. The Semicolon
• 29.1 Main Clauses without Coordinating Conjunctions
• 29.2 Main Clauses with Transitional Words
• 29.3 Main Clauses That Are Long or Contain Commas
• 29.4 Items in a Series
• 29.5 Unnecessary Semicolons
• Chapter 30. The Apostrophe
• 30.1 Possession
• 30.2 Contractions and Abbreviations
• Chapter 31. Quotation Marks
• 31.1 Direct Quotations
• 31.2 Titles of Works
• 31.3 Words Used in a Special Sense
• 31.4 With Other Punctuation
• Chapter 32. Other Punctuation Marks
• 32.1 Colon
• 32.2 Dash
• 32.3 Parentheses
• 32.4 Brackets
• 32.5 Ellipsis Mark
• 32.6 Slash
• Part 7: Mechanics
• Chapter 33. Capitals
• 33.1 Conventions
• 33.2 First Word of Sentence
• 33.3 Titles and Subtitles
• 33.4 Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives
• Chapter 34. Italics or Underlining
• 34.1 Titles of Works
• 34.2 Foreign Words and for Emphasis
• Chapter 35. Abbreviations
• 35.1 Abbreviations in Nontechnical Writing
• 35.2 Misuses of Abbreviations
• Chapter 36. Numbers
• 36.1 Numerals and Words
• 36.2 Dates and Addresses
• Part 8: Effective Words
• Chapter 37. Using Appropriate Language
• 37.1 Standard English
• 37.2 Texting and Electronic Shortcuts
• 37.3 Slang, Colloquialisms, Regionalisms, and Jargon
• 37.4 Indirect or Pretentious Writing
• 37.5 Sexist and Biased Language
• Chapter 38. Using Exact Language
• 38.1 Dictionary, Thesaurus, and Spelling Checker
• 38.2 Denotation and Connotation
• 38.3 Abstract and Concrete Words
• 38.4 Idioms
• 38.5 Figurative Language
• 38.6 Trite Expressions
• Chapter 39. Writing Concisely
• 39.1 Achieving Conciseness
• 39.2 Subjects and Verbs
• 39.3 Empty Words and Phrases
• 39.4 Unnecessary Repetition
• 39.5 Other Strategies
• Chapter 40. Spelling and the Hyphen
• 40.1 Common Spelling Problems
• 40.2 Spelling Rules
• 40.3 Spelling Skills
• 40.4 Hyphenating Words
• Part 9: Research Writing
• Chapter 41. Planning a Research Project
• 41.1 The Process of Research Writing
• 41.2 Research Questions
• 41.3 Research Strategies
• 41.4 Working Bibliographies
• Sample Annotated Bibliography Entry
• Chapter 42. Finding Sources
• 42.1 Search Strategies
• 42.2 Reference Works
• 42.3 Books and Periodicals
• 42.4 Web Search Strategies
• 42.5 Social Media
• 42.6 Government Publications
• 42.7 Visuals and Media
• 42.8 Primary Research
• Chapter 43. Working with Sources
• 43.1 Interacting with Sources
• Sample Annotated Source
• 43.2 Evaluating Sources
• 43.3 Synthesizing Sources
• 43.4 Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation
• 43.5 Integrating Sources
• Chapter 44. Avoiding Plagiarism
• 44.1 Defining Plagiarism
• 44.2 Information You Do Not Need to Cite
• 44.3 Information You Must Cite
• 44.4 Documenting Sources
• 44.5 Copyright and Permissions
• Chapter 45. Writing the Paper
• 45.1 Developing a Thesis
• 45.2 Organizing Your Ideas
• 45.3 Drafting a Research Paper
• 45.4 Revising and Editing
• 45.5 Preparing a Final Draft
• Chapter 46. Using MLA Documentation and Format
• 46.1 In-text Citations
• 46.2 List of Works Cited
• 46.3 MLA Paper Format
• Chapter 47. Two Research Papers in MLA Style
• 47.1 Sample Research Paper in MLA Style
• “The Dream of Sustainable Agriculture”
• 47.2 Sample Literary Research Paper in MLA Style
• “Intersecting Race and Gender in Angelia Weld Grimké’s Rachel”
• Part 10: Writing in the Academic Disciplines
• Chapter 48. Reading and Writing about Literature
• 48.1 The Methods of Literary Analysis
• 48.2 Writing Assignments in Literature
• 48.3 The Tools and Language of Literary Analysis
• 48.4 Citing Sources When Writing about Literature
• 48.5 Writing a Literary Analysis
• Sample Literary Analysis
• Chapter 49. Writing in Other Humanities
• 49.1 Methods and Evidence
• 49.2 Common Writing Assignments
• 49.3 Tools and Language
• 49.4 Documenting Sources
• 49.5 Paper Format
• Chapter 50. Writing in the Social Sciences
• 50.1 Common Genres in the Social Sciences
• 50.2 Research Conventions in the Social Sciences
• 50.3 In-text Citations in APA Style
• 50.4 References in APA Style
• 50.5 Research Paper Format in APA Style
• 50.6 Sample Research Paper in APA Style
• “Perceptions of Mental Illness on College Campuses”
• Chapter 51. Writing in the Natural and Applied Sciences
• 51.1 Methods and Evidence
• 51.2 Common Writing Assignments
• 51.3 Tools and Language
• 51.4 CSE Style
• 51.5 Paper Format
• 51.6 Sample Paper
• “Caterpillar Defense Mechanisms”
• Glossary of Usage
• Glossary of Terms
• Credits
• Index
• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• Y
• Z
• Plan of the Book
• Useful Lists and Summaries
• Editing Symbols
• Culture and Language Guide